74 research outputs found
Synthesis of 4-amidomethyl-1-glucosyl-1,2,3-triazoles and evaluation as glycogen phosphorylase inhibitors
Free-radical and ionic routes towards hydrolytically stable and bioactive <i>C</i>-glycosyl compounds
Comment se fait la rencontre entre offres et demandes locales pour la restauration collective publique ? Premiers enseignements
National audienceThis article presents the first results of a collective research on the supplying of local food in public catering. Drawing on various field studies, in Brittany, Pays de la Loire and Rhône-Alpes, the authors show that the meeting of local supplies and demands poses specific problems (lack of existing local food chains, recipro-cal ignorance between local farmers and public caterers). Then, they show that this meeting can be achieved through different ways, direct chains or highly inter-mediated chains. The authors also emphasize that these initiatives deserve to be considered as innovations. The article ends with some elements of discussion and open questions for future research.Cet article présente les premiers résultats d'une recherche collective, menée en Bretagne, Pays de la Loire et Rhône-Alpes, portant sur l'approvisionnement de la restauration collective publique en produits alimentaires locaux. A partir de plu-sieurs enquêtes de terrain, il montre que l'établissement de circuits locaux pose des problèmes spécifiques de rencontre entre l'offre et la demande (filières exis-tantes non-territorialisées, méconnaissances croisées entre agriculteurs et acteurs de la restauration collective). Il montre ensuite que la mise en relation des offres et des demandes locales peut prendre des formes très diverses, directes ou intermé-diées, et souligne que ces initiatives méritent d'être considérées comme des inno-vations. L'article se termine par quelques questions ouvertes et éléments de dis-cussion
Comment se fait la rencontre entre offres et demandes locales pour la restauration collective publique ? Premiers enseignements
Cet article présente les premiers résultats d'une recherche collective, menée en Bretagne, Pays de la Loire et Rhône-Alpes, portant sur l'approvisionnement de la restauration collective publique en produits alimentaires locaux. A partir de plu-sieurs enquêtes de terrain, il montre que l'établissement de circuits locaux pose des problèmes spécifiques de rencontre entre l'offre et la demande (filières exis-tantes non-territorialisées, méconnaissances croisées entre agriculteurs et acteurs de la restauration collective). Il montre ensuite que la mise en relation des offres et des demandes locales peut prendre des formes très diverses, directes ou intermé-diées, et souligne que ces initiatives méritent d'être considérées comme des inno-vations. L'article se termine par quelques questions ouvertes et éléments de dis-cussion.circuits courts alimentaires, restauration collective
Novel design principle validated: Glucopyranosylidene-spiro-oxathiazole as new nanomolar inhibitor of glycogen phosphorylase, potential antidiabetic agent
Glucose-derived spiro-isoxazolines are anti-hyperglycemic agents against type 2 diabetes through glycogen phosphorylase inhibition
International audienceGlycogen phosphorylase (GP) is a target for the treatment of hyperglycaemia in the context of type 2 diabetes. This enzyme is responsible for the depolymerization of glycogen into glucose thereby affecting the levels of glucose in the blood stream. Twelve new d-glucopyranosylidene-spiro-isoxazolines have been prepared from O-peracylated exo-D-glucals by regio- and stereoselective 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of nitrile oxides generated in situ by treatment of the corresponding oximes with bleach. This mild and direct procedure appeared to be applicable to a broad range of substrates. The corresponding O-unprotected spiro-isoxazolines were evaluated as glycogen phosphorylase (GP) inhibitors and exhibited IC50 values ranging from 1 to 800 ÎĽM. Selected inhibitors were further evaluated in vitro using rat and human hepatocytes and exhibited significant inhibitory properties in the primary cell culture. Interestingly, when tested with human hepatocytes, the tetra-O-acetylated spiro-isoxazoline bearing a 2-naphthyl residue showed a much lower IC50 value (2.5 ÎĽM), compared to that of the O-unprotected analog (19.95 ÎĽM). The most promising compounds were investigated in Zucker fa/fa rat model in acute and sub-chronic assays and decreased hepatic glucose production, which is known to be elevated in type 2 diabetes. This indicates that glucose-based spiro-isoxazolines can be considered as anti-hyperglycemic agents in the context of type 2 diabetes
Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of C-glycosylated oxadiazoles as inhibitors of glycogen phosphorylase
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