Three-isotope plot of fractionation in photolysis: A perturbation theoretical expression

The slope of the three-isotope plot for the isotopomer fractionation by direct or nearly direct photodissociation is obtained using a perturbation theoretical analysis. This result, correct to first order in the mass difference, is the same as that for equilibrium chemical exchange reactions, a similarity unexpected a priori. A comparison is made with computational results for N2O photodissociation. This theoretical slope for mass-dependent photolytic fractionation can be used to analyze the data for isotopic anomalies in spin-allowed photodissociation reactions. Earlier work on chemical equilibria is extended by avoiding a high-temperature approximation

Significance of thermal fluctuations and hydrodynamic interactions in receptor-ligand mediated adhesive dynamics of a spherical particle in wall bound shear flow

The dynamics of adhesion of a spherical micro-particle to a ligand-coated wall, in shear flow, is studied using a Langevin equation that accounts for thermal fluctuations, hydrodynamic interactions and adhesive interactions. Contrary to the conventional assumption that thermal fluctuations play a negligible role at high P$\acute{e}$clet numbers, we find that for particles with low surface densities of receptors, rotational diffusion caused by fluctuations about the flow and gradient directions aids in bond formation, leading to significantly greater adhesion on average, compared to simulations where thermal fluctuations are completely ignored. The role of wall hydrodynamic interactions on the steady state motion of a particle, when the particle is close to the wall, has also been explored. At high P$\acute{e}$clet numbers, the shear induced force that arises due to the stresslet part of the Stokes dipole, plays a dominant role, reducing the particle velocity significantly, and affecting the states of motion of the particle. The coupling between the translational and rotational degrees of freedom of the particle, brought about by the presence of hydrodynamic interactions, is found to have no influence on the binding dynamics. On the other hand, the drag coefficient, which depends on the distance of the particle from the wall, plays a crucial role at low rates of bond formation. A significant difference in the effect of both the shear force and the position dependent drag force, on the states of motion of the particle, is observed when the P$\acute{e}$let number is small.Comment: The manuscript has been accepted as an article in Physical Review E Journa

Eco-Friendly Virtue of Kurinjith Thinai as shown in Kuruntthokai

This article deals with the study of environmental ethics on the basis of the principle of ecology, which deals with the higher ideas expressed in the Kurinjith Thinai songs of the Sangam literature. One of the Sangam pieces of literature, the Kuruntthokai, contains a plethora of elements of ecological theory. Ecology is a field that deals with the natural environment and artificial environment around us. The main objective of this department is to explain the relationship between living and non-living factors and to prevent the destruction of the living environment by avoiding artificial life and taking up natural life. The Kuruntthokai explains the life of the people living in the five kinds of lands. Thus, the purpose of this article is to bring out ideas about the ecological ethics found in the hilly and mountainous Kurinjith Thinai

Two-Hop Routing with Traffic-Differentiation for QoS Guarantee in Wireless Sensor Networks

This paper proposes a Traffic-Differentiated Two-Hop Routing protocol for Quality of Service (QoS) in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). It targets WSN applications having different types of data traffic with several priorities. The protocol achieves to increase Packet Reception Ratio (PRR) and reduce end-to-end delay while considering multi-queue priority policy, two-hop neighborhood information, link reliability and power efficiency. The protocol is modular and utilizes effective methods for estimating the link metrics. Numerical results show that the proposed protocol is a feasible solution to addresses QoS service differenti- ation for traffic with different priorities.Comment: 13 page

Pass-transistor very large scale integration

Logic elements are provided that permit reductions in layout size and avoidance of hazards. Such logic elements may be included in libraries of logic cells. A logical function to be implemented by the logic element is decomposed about logical variables to identify factors corresponding to combinations of the logical variables and their complements. A pass transistor network is provided for implementing the pass network function in accordance with this decomposition. The pass transistor network includes ordered arrangements of pass transistors that correspond to the combinations of variables and complements resulting from the logical decomposition. The logic elements may act as selection circuits and be integrated with memory and buffer elements

Online Acoustic Emission Monitoring of Cyclic Ball Indentation Testing - Correlation with Hysteresis Area Response

Abstract Fatigue has been one of the most researched subjects as most of the critical component failures are traced to fatigue. While fatigue data generation for design purposes is carried out using ASTM or equivalent standard specimens, the use of miniature or small specimens to estimate the fatigue properties is considered as a tool for extending the remaining life of in-service components. Cyclic automated ball indentation (Cyclic ABI) is one of the non-conventional test techniques used for fatigue performance assessment of pristine and in-service damaged materials. This method uses compression-compression cyclic loading of a flat specimen using a tungsten carbide spherical indenter; continuous monitoring of load-displacement (measured close to the indentation location) data provides an idea about the fatigue life of the material. Apart from this, hysteresis in load-displacement is used as an indicative energy parameter to detect fatigue failure in an Inconel 617 alloy using an off-line data analysis. To ensure on-line tracking of failure events, a specially tuned, miniature acoustic emission (AE) sensor was used during cyclic indentation testing. The AE parameters were extracted in the format of counts, absolute energy; the result processed in terms of cumulative counts, cumulative energy as well as first derivative of acoustic emission counts vs. fatigue cycles was used to cross-correlate failure events with other sensor responses. The failure cycles identified from AE were found to be in good agreement with the hysteresis area under the load-displacement curves, as well as extensometer displacement during cyclic loading

In-vitro anti-oxidant studies on ethanolic extract of Alpinia galanga linn

Background: The free radical scavenging activity by in-vitro antioxidant assay is performed on ethanolic extract of Alpinia galanga. Free radicals are highly reactive molecules produced as a by-product during metabolism of oxygen. From the current understanding of pathophysiology, it is extensively proved about the positive role of reactive oxygen species in degenerative disease. Nature has provided abundant fruits, vegetables and medicinal plants with rich source of antioxidants as the natural defense against free radical induced damage to living organisms.Methods: The present study is to screen and document the antioxidant property of Alpinia galanga from Zingiberaceae family by lipid peroxidation, nitric oxide and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazil radical scavenging in vitro antioxidant assay.Results: The results are the percentage inhibitory concentration (IC) of       Alpinia galanga are as follows IC50 102.70 mcg/ml, IC50 63.35 mcg/ml and IC50 8.80 mcg/ml and for control vitamin E is IC50 29 mcg/ml, IC50 15 mcg/ml and IC50 18 mcg/ml by Lipid peroxidation, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazil and nitric oxide free radical scavenging activity respectively.Conclusions: The Alpinia galanga root ethanolic extracts from Zingiberaceae family has significant nitric oxide free radical scavenging activity