On completeness of spaces of open mappings on continua

AbstractAmong other things it is proved that the set of all open mappings between compacta X and Y is topologically complete if X is locally connected and Y is a graph, and this set is not topologically complete if it is nonempty and Y is a manifold of dimension >1, or Y is the Menger universal curve, or Y is a pseudo-arc

AANR spaces and absolute retracts for tree-like continua

summary:Continua that are approximative absolute neighborhood retracts (AANR’s) are characterized as absolute terminal retracts, i.e., retracts of continua in which they are embedded as terminal subcontinua. This implies that any AANR continuum has a dense arc component, and that any ANR continuum is an absolute terminal retract. It is proved that each absolute retract for any of the classes of: tree-like continua, $\lambda$-dendroids, dendroids, arc-like continua and arc-like $\lambda$-dendroids is an approximative absolute retract (so it is an AANR). Consequently, all these continua have the fixed point property, which is a new result for absolute retracts for tree-like continua. Related questions are asked

Confluent Mappings and Arc Kelley Continua

A Kelley continuum X, also called a continuum with the property of Kelley, such that, for each p X, each subcontinuum K containing p is approximated by arc-wise connected continua containing p, is called an arc Kelley continuum. A continuum homeomorphic to the inverse limit of locally connected continua with confluent bonding maps is said to be confluently LC-representable. The main subject of the paper is a study of deep connections between the arc Kelley continua and confluent mappings. It is shown that if a continuum X admits, for each ε \u3e 0, a confluent ε-mapping onto a(n) (arc) Kelley continuum, then X itself is a(n) (arc) Kelley continuum. In particular each confluently LC-representable continuum is arc Kelley. It is also proved that if continua X and Y are confluently LC-representable, then also are their product X x Y and the hyperspaces 2^x and C(X)

Hereditarily Unicoherent Continua and Their Absolute Retracts

We investigate absolute retracts for classes of hereditarily unicoherent continua, tree-like continua, λ- dendroids, dendroids and some other related ones. The main results are: (1) the inverse limits of trees with confluent bonding mappings are absolute retracts of hereditarily unicoherent continua; (2) each tree-like continuum is embeddable in a special way in a tree-like absolute retract for the class of hereditarily unicoherent continua; (3) a dendroid is an absolute retract for hereditarily unicoherent continua if and only if it can be embedded as a retract into the Mohler-Nikiel universal smooth dendroid

Filament sets and homogeneous continua

AbstractNew tools are introduced for the study of homogeneous continua. The subcontinua of a given continuum are classified into three types: filament, non-filament, and ample, with ample being a subcategory of non-filament. The richness of the collection of ample subcontinua of a homogeneous continuum reflects where the space lies in the gradation from being locally connected at one extreme to indecomposable at another. Applications are given to the general theory of homogeneous continua and their hyperspaces