Study of surgical site infection in patients undergoing caesarean section at tertiary care center, Gujarat

Background: Surgical site infection following cesarean delivery leads to increasing the duration of patient hospitalization, hospital costs and raise the burden on our healthcare system. The incidence of SSI after cesarean range from 3% to 5%. Objective of current investigation was to study the risk factor & microbial agents responsible for SSI in LSCS and impact of SSI on perinatal outcome.Methods: This prospective study was done among 324 pregnant women undergoing LSCS at department of obstetrics and Gynecology in GMERS medical college & hospital, Sola, Ahmedabad during April 2015 to April 2016. All patients were following up to 7thpostoperative day.SSI was defined by CDC criteria.Results: The incidence of SSI noted in present study was 8.02%. Almost 46.2% cases had BMI ≥25 kg/m2, 65.4% multipara, 34.6% resided in rural area of SSI group. PIH, PROM, LSCS in emergency, multiple vaginal examination (>3), perioperative blood glucose (≥110 mg/dl), duration of surgery (≥60 min), past H/O of LSCS noted in participants of SSI was 30.8%, 30.8%, 96.1, 19.3%, 84.6%, 23.1%), 73.1% respectively. Staphylococcus aureus was the most common microorganism identified and incidence of NICU admission was 11.5% in SSI group.Conclusions: Incidence of SSI in present is 8.02%. BMI, PIH, PROM, LSCS in emergency, multiple vaginal examination (>3), perioperative blood glucose (≥110 mg/dl), duration of surgery (≥60 min), Past H/O of LSCS were noted statistically significantly higher among the participants of SSI group. Staphylococcus aureus was the most common organism identified

Evaluation of genetic diversity in different genotypes of Gerbera jamesonii Bolus using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers

Genetic diversity within Gerbera jamesonii Bolus is the key to genetic improvement of this important ornamental species. In the present study, genetic diversity of 12 accessions of gerbera was assessed through random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. A total of 40 RAPD primers belonging to OPD, OPE, OPF and OPG series of universal primers set were used out of which, only 10 primers produced clear, reproducible and scorable bands. Ten (10) decamer RAPD primers produced a total of 49 scorable bands from 12 genotypes of G. jamesonii Bolus, out of which 42 were polymorphic and seven were monomorphic. The percentage of polymorphism ranged from a maximum of 100.00% by OPE-02, OPE-14, OPF-18, OPG-18, OPG-16 and OPG-17 to a minimum of 50.00% by OPE-08. The RAPD profiles generated were further evaluated for studying the Jaccard’s similarity coefficient. The average genetic similarity coefficient for the 12 accessions evaluated by Jaccard index was 0.66 ranging from 0.35 to 0.86. The RAPD amplification data were used to obtain similarity matrix and for generation of dendrogram using unweighted pair group method with arithmetic averages (UPGMA) method. Based on the dendrogram, all 12 genotypes could be distinctly divided into two clusters and the accession CF Orange was found most dissimilar from other accessions. This study shows that DNA based molecular marker RAPD is a powerful, less time consuming and cost effective molecular technique for assessment of genetic diversity among different genotypes of G. jamesonii Bolus. The availability of these gerbera RAPD markers would facilitate the use of molecular markers in gerbera breeding and genetic studiesKeywords: Gerbera jamesonii Bolus, molecular markers, genetic diversity, RAPDAfrican Journal of Biotechnology, Vol. 13(10), pp. 1117-1122, 5 March, 201

International Journal of Drug Regulatory Affairs

A REVIEW ON DRUG APPROVAL PROCESS FOR US, EUROPE AND INDIA Developing a new drug requires great amount of research work in chemistry, manufacturing, controls, preclinical science and clinical trials. Drug reviewers in regulatory agencies around the world bear the responsibility of evaluating whether the research data support the safety, effectiveness and quality control of a new drug product to serve the public health. Every country has its own regulatory authority, which is responsible to enforce the rules and regulations and issue the guidelines to regulate the marketing of the drugs. This article focuses on drug approval process in different countries like USA, Europe and India. This record was migrated from the OpenDepot repository service in June, 2017 before shutting down

Waste Algae for Bioenergy Generation to Mitigate Eutrophication and Greenhouse Emissions in Water Bodies

Eutrophication has a significant negative impact on the ecosystem since it depletes the planet's biological resources and is further responsible for climate change. It is caused by both endogenous and exogenous nutrient enrichment. This phenomenon degrades the water quality and simultaneously increases the greenhouse gases emission from waterbodies resulting in climate change Inland waterbodies contain enormous amounts of nutrients such as phosphorous, nitrogen, and carbon. Thus, it becomes essential to restore these nutrients using proper sustainable approaches. Algae-based technologies have received a lot of attention these days because of environmentally friendly and inexpensive treatment. About 70% of the nutrient load from wastewater can be removed using such technology. The recovered algal biomass after wastewater treatment contains various biomolecules which can be used for the producing of value-added products such as bioenergy in the form of biomethane and biodiesel, cosmetics and pharmaceuticals along with the synthesis of nanoparticles. Therefore, the primary goal of this review is to inform readers about the possibilities of a low-cost integrated biorefinery based on microalgae for resource recovery and to mitigate eutrophication and greenhouse gas emission from water bodies

EFFECT OF MUSTAKADI VATI IN THE MANAGEMENT OF GRAHANI DOSHA IN CHILDREN – A CASE STUDY

BACKGROUND: Grahani is the Adhishthana of Agni and Agni Dushti is the main reason of the disease. The disease Grahani Dosha is very commonly seen in present pediatric practice and it aggravates to form a critical condition if the proper care is not taken. MATERIAL AND METHOD: A 8-years-old male patient of Grahani Dosha with complaints of defecation just after taking meal, Bowel frequency 3-4 times/day, irregular bowel habit, loss of appetite, generalized weakness, occasional pain in abdomen, slow weight gain for 5-6 months was treated by Mustakadi Vati in three divided doses of 10 Vati per day after meal for 8 weeks with SukhoshnaJala. RESULT: Marked improvement was found after 8 weeks of treatment i.e., bowel frequency reduced to 1 time/day, no weakness, abdominal pain relieved, 2 kg body weight gained. Hematological parameters along with routine and microscopic investigations of stool and urine were done before and after the treatment, all were found normal. Mala Parikshana was done before treatment which showed sinking of stool in water and foul smell and after 8 weeks of treatment again Mala Parikshana was done where floating of stool in water and no foul smell were found. CONCLUSION: This case study has shown that Mustakadi Vati is effective in improving the symptoms of Grahani Dosha. Marked improvements were found in all the symptoms of Grahani Dosha in Children

DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF UV SPECTROMETRIC METHOD FOR QUANTITATIVE DETERMINATION OF ULIPRISTAL ACETATE

Objective: To develop and validate UV spectrometric method for quantitative determination of ulipristal acetate.Methods: The solvent selected was methanol and detection was carried out at 302 nm.Results: Linearity of the proposed method was found to be between 5–20 μg/ml. LOD and LOQ were found to be 0.0062 μg/ml and 0.0187 μg/ml, respectively. The % recovery of the proposed method was found to be 98.83 %-100.32 %. The method was found to be precise as the values of % RSD obtained for both intraday and interday, precision studies were found to be<2.0 %. The method was robust and can be useful for routine analysis of formulations containing ulipristal acetate.Conclusion: The developed method was found to be simple, sensitive, linear, accurate, precise and robust. The developed and validated method can be used for quantitative determination of ulipristal acetate in bulk drugs and dosage form.Â

Etiology, Modalities of Zygomaticomaxillary Complex Fracture, open reduction and fixation.

Zygomatic complex fracture is second most common mid face fracture and frequent amongst the maxillofacial trauma. Fracture pattern ranges from simple to comminuted and from minimally displaced to severely displaced depending on various factors. 98 pati

TRIPHALAGUDUCHYADI VATI WITH DIET AND LIFESTYLE MODIFICATION IN THE MANAGEMENT OF CHILDHOOD OBESITY- A CASE REPORT

Childhood Obesity (Sthaulya) is one of the major non communicable diseases of the modern era, increasing in prevalence. Diet (Ahara) and life-style (Vihara) play significant role both in the development and control of obesity Sthaulya (obesity). As per Ayurveda texts, over consumption of energy dense foods along with sedentary lifestyle hampers the functioning of Medodhatvagni results in decrease fat metabolism hence causes obesity. So Triphalaguduchyadi Vati was chosen to break the etiopathogenesis of Sthaulya and to enhance the fat metabolism. A 16 year old, 11th standard, Hindu male child visited with parents to KB OPD, IPGTRA, Gujarat Ayurved University, Jamnagar, having chief complaint of progressive weight gain since 6-7 years. Triphalaguduchyadi Vati was intervened in appropriate dose for 8 weeks along with modified diet and lifestyle. Physical and laboratory assessments were done before and after the intervention. After 8 weeks of drug intervention, there was marked relief in symptoms, also there was significant decrease in physical and laboratory parameters. After reviewing, this case study it can be concluded that Triphalaguduchyadi Vati with modified diet and lifestyle is effective treatment regimen for Sthaulya in children