Stressful life transitions and wellbeing: a comparison of the stress buffering hypothesis and the social identity model of identity change

The relationship between stressful life transitions and wellbeing is well established, however, the protective role of social connectedness has received mixed support. We test two theoretical models, the Stress Buffering Hypothesis and the Social Identity Model of Identity Change, to determine which best explains the relationship between social connectedness, stress, and wellbeing. Study 1 (N=165) was an experiment in which participants considered the impact of moving cities versus receiving a serious health diagnosis. Study 2 (N=79) was a longitudinal study that examined the adjustment of international students to university over the course of their first semester. Both studies found limited evidence for the buffering role of social support as predicted by the Stress Buffering Hypothesis; instead people who experienced a loss of social identities as a result of a stressor had a subsequent decline in wellbeing, consistent with the Social Identity Model of Identity Change. We conclude that stressful life events are best conceptualised as identity transitions. Such events are more likely to be perceived as stressful and compromise wellbeing when they entail identity loss

PENGARUH RASIO EFEKTIVITAS PENDAPATAN ASLI DAERAH (PAD), DANA ALOKASI UMUM (DAU), DAN DANA BAGI HASIL PAJAK (DBHP) TERHADAP TINGKAT OTONOMI FISKAL (Studi Pada Kabupaten/ Kota di Provinsi Jawa Tengah)

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh Rasio Efektivitas Pendapatan Asli Daerah (PAD), Dana Alokasi Umum (DAU), dan Dana Bagi Hasil Pajak (DBHP) terhadap Tingkat Otonomi Fiskal (Kemandirian Keuangan). Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data sekunder dari laporan Realisasi Pendapatan dan Belanja Pemerintah Kabupaten/ Kota di Provinsi Jawa Tengah tahun 2007 sampai dengan tahun 2009. Model analisis yang digunakan adalah multiple regression. Hasil Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa secara simultan variabel Rasio Efektivitas Pendapatan Asli Daerah (PAD), Dana Alokasi Umum (DAU) dan Dana Bagi Hasil Pajak (DBHP) berpengaruh secara signifikan positif terhadap Tingkat Otonomi Fiskal (Kemandirian Keuangan). Secara parsial variabel Dana Alokasi Umum berpengaruh secara signifikan negatif terhadap Tingkat Otonomi Fiskal (Kemandirian Keuangan). Sedangkan variabel Rasio Efektivitas Pendapatan Asli Daerah (PAD) dan Dana Bagi Hasil Pajak (DBHP) tidak berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap Tingkat Otonomi Fiskal (Kemandirian Keuangan). Kata kunci: Tingkat Otonomi Fiskal, Rasio Efektivitas Pendapatan Asli Daerah (PAD), Dana Alokasi Umum (DAU), Dana Bagi Hasil Pajak (DBHP

The role of shared social identity in mutual support among refugees of conflict: An ethnographic study of Syrian refugees in Jordan

In the midst of an unprecedented refugee crisis and the shortfall of aid organization resources, a shift toward utilizing the capacity for collective resilience in refugee communities could be helpful. This paper explores experiences of psychosocial social support among a community of Syrian urban refugees in Jordan, especially the kind of support that helps them deal with secondary stressors. We were specifically interested in the role of shared social identity as a basis of support and the sources of such shared identity. We conducted an 8-month ethnography that included observations and semi-structured interviews with 13 refugees. We found many examples of support among refugees, on both personal and collective levels. Some of this support was based on sharing the identity of “refugee” that stemmed from a sense of common fate. This is similar to the process identified in the literature on disasters. Psychological membership in the refugee group is stigmatic, but it can also lead to positive outcomes in line with the social cure perspective. However, we also found examples of support that were value-based or based on pre-existing interpersonal networks. Implications of the findings for models of group processes in stressful situations and the practical question of refugee support are discussed

Deaktivasi Katalis Konverter-Hidrogen Di Pabrik Urea Kaltim-3

<p>Di pabrik urea, konverter-hidrogen adalah satu reaktor yang berfungsi untuk mengkonversi hidrogen yang terikut dalam karbondioksida dengan cara mengoksidasi dengan udara, sehingga karbondioksida umpan reaktor urea itu hanya mengandung tidak lebih dari 100 ppm hidrogen. Konversi dilangsungkan pada tekanan 145 kg/cm2 dan suhu umpan reaktor 130 C, menggunakan katalis platinum berpenyangga alumina (0,3%Pt/Al2O3). Dalam dua tahun terakhir, terjadi kenaikan kandungan hidrogen dalam karbondioksida umpan konverter-hidrogen Kaltim-3 yang menyebabkan peningkatan temperatur keluaran konverter dari biasanya sekitar 152oC menjadi sekitar 190 C. Hasil analisis kadar Pt, luas permukaan katalis dan dispersi Pt terhadap katalis-baru dan katalis-terpakai menunjukkan bahwa katalis konverter-hidrogen Kaltim-3 telah terdeaktivasi. Oleh karena itu, pada kesempatan perbaikan-tahunan Juli 2006 yang lalu, katalis tersebut telah diganti dengan yang baru. Selain itu telah dilakukan pula perbaikan kondisi operasi di pabrik amoniak Kaltim-3, sehingga kadar H2 dalam aliran CO2 umpan pabrik urea Kaltim-3 menjadi normal kembali (0,4%). Dengan tindakan-tindakan tersebut, sejak Agustus 2006 yang lalu konverter hidrogen Kaltim-3 dapat beroperasi secara normal kembali. © 2007 BCREC UNDIP. All rights reserved.</p><p>[Presented at Symposium and Congress of MKICS 2007, 18-19 April 2007, Semarang, Indonesia]</p><p><strong>[How to Cite</strong>: A. Subekti, A.S. Arief, P. Praharso, S. Subagjo. (2007). Deaktivasi Katalis Konverter-Hidrogen Di Pabrik Urea Kaltim-3. <em>Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering and Catalysis</em>, 2 (2-3): 52-55. <strong>doi:10.9767/bcrec.2.2-3.10.52-55</strong>]</p><p><strong>[How to Link/DOI</strong>: <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.9767/bcrec.2.2-3.10.52-55" target="_self">http://dx.doi.org/10.9767/bcrec.2.2-3.10.52-55</a> ]</p><p> </p

Losing ground: Social identity loss predicts depression following a life transition

Life transitions can be a positive life experience and provide opportunities for personal growth. However, undergoing a life transition can also be stressful and overwhelming and precipitate depression. The stress-buffering hypothesis (Cohen & Wills, 1985) postulates that social support buffers against the negative effects of stressful life events and can attenuate the development of depressive symptoms, but unfortunately has not been well-supported by longitudinal studies. In contrast, the social identity approach to wellbeing (Jetten, Haslam, & Haslam, 2012) suggests that group memberships lead to substantial health benefits, with an emerging number of studies showing promising results. Based on this approach, the present study assesses how changes in social identification during a life transition affect mental wellbeing and depression throughout the life transition. First-year International students (N = 52) reported their group memberships and wellbeing at the beginning and end of their first semester of studies, approximately four months later. Results show that lack of important group memberships at the end of the transition contributes to increased levels of depressive symptoms, even when controlling for initial levels of depression and important group memberships at the beginning of the transition. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed in relation to these results

The autothermal reforming of artificial gasoline

Stringent legislation on control of vehicle exhaust emissions has led to consideration of alternative means of reducing emissions, with hydrogen fuel cell powered vehicles being accepted as one favoured possibility. However, the difficulties of storing and distributing hydrogen as a fuel are such that the conversion of more readily available fuels to hydrogen on board the vehicle may be required. The production of hydrogen by the partial oxidation of isooctane over Rh/Al2O3, Rh/CeO2-?l2O3 and Rh/CeO2-ZrO2 catalysts has been investigated. Oxidation was initiated at temperatures between 200 ?220 oC. The yield of hydrogen was 100%. CeO2-ZrO2 was found to be the best support. The production of hydrogen by the autothermal reforming of artificial gasoline has been studied. Part of gasoline is oxidised to produce heat and steam to promote the steam reforming of unburnt gasoline to produce hydrogen. The use of platinum impregnated on ceria supports (active for oxidation) and a commercial nickel based catalyst (Ni-com), for steam reforming of gasoline have been explored. Initiation of oxidation of artificial gasoline over unreduced platinum based catalysts occurred at temperature as low as 150 oC, depending on the oxygen:carbon ratio and the liquid hydrocarbon used. Detailed kinetic studies of the steam reforming of isooctane and artificial gasoline (a mix of cyclohexane, isooctane and octane) over pre-reduced Ni-com catalysts showed that the reaction was 0.17 order in isooctane and 0.54 order in steam, whilst the reaction was 0.08 order in artificial gasoline and 0.23 order in steam. Mechanisms have been proposed to account for the dual site surface reaction with dissociative adsorption of isooctane or artificial gasoline and steam. Combined oxidation and steam reforming systems (autothermal reforming) using Pt/CeO2 as a front catalyst bed and Ni-com as the rear bed at the feed conditions of oxygen:carbon (O:C) ratio of ca.1.2 and steam:carbon (S:C) ratio of ca.2, produces ca. 3.5 moles of hydrogen per mole of gasoline fed. The system reaction temperature could be controlled by adjusting the O:C and S:C ratios in feed

Supported Rh catalysts for the indirect partial oxidation of isooctane

The production of hydrogen from isooctane over three rhodium-based catalysts has been examined. The reaction entailed total oxidation of a proportion of the fuel followed by reforming of isooctane to produce hydrogen. Rhodium (1% wt) was impregnated on three different supports: alumina, ceria-alumina, and ceria-zirconia. No differences in catalytic activity were observed, but reaction yield changed with the support. Ceria-zirconia was found to be the preferred support since methanation did not occur over the catalyst.3 page(s

Kinetic study of iso-octane steam reforming over a nickel-based catalyst

The kinetics of iso-octane steam reforming over a nickel based catalyst has been examined as a function of iso-octane and steam partial pressures at various temperatures. The reaction order is 0.2 with respect to iso-octane, suggesting strong coverage of nickel by iso-octane and 0.5 with respect to steam, indicating dissociative adsorption of steam. Indeed, a Langmuir–Hinshelwood (LH) mechanism requiring the dissociative adsorption of iso-octane and steam on two different sites appeared to be the most plausible pathway for the steam reforming reaction. The activation energy of 44±2.2 kJ mol⁻¹ estimated from the LH model is consistent with the trend previously reported for other lower hydrocarbons.6 page(s