Risk factors for infection with Giardia duodenalis in pre-school children in the city of Salvador, Brazil.

A cross-sectional study of 694 children aged 2 to 45 months selected from 30 clusters throughout the city of Salvador, Bahia (pop. 2.3 million) was carried out as part of a longitudinal study of diarrhoea in order to identify risk factors for infection with Giardia duodenalis. Variables studied included three social and demographic factors (such as mother's education and marital status), five relating to the peri-domestic environment (rubbish disposal, open sewers, paving of the street), seven relating to the home itself (house construction, susceptibility to flooding, water supply and sanitation) as well as a score for hygiene behaviour based on structured observation. After multivariate analysis using a hierarchical model, only four significant risk factors were found: (a) number of children in the household under five years (b) rubbish not collected from the house (c) presence of visible sewage nearby, and (d) absence of a toilet. All four were significant at the 1% level

Validation of a food frequency questionnaire for children and adolescents aged 4 to 11 years living in Salvador, Bahia.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the validity of a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) by applying it to children and adolescents living in Salvador, Bahia. METHODS: The validity of this FFQ with 98 food items was investigated among 108 children and adolescents who were selected from a sample of 1445 that had been planned for a study on the risk factors for asthma and other allergic diseases. The adults responsible for these children and adolescents gave responses for a 24-hour recall (R24h) and an FFQ. The average energy and nutrient values from the FFQ were compared with those from the R24h by means of the paired t test and Pearson correlation coefficients. The concordance was evaluated using the Bland-Altman method and kappa statistics. RESULTS: The energy and nutrient intake estimated using the FFQ was significantly higher than what was obtained using the R24h. The correlation coefficients adjusted for energy were statistically significant for protein, fat, vitamin C and zinc. The weighted kappa values ranged from 0.06 for vitamin A (p = 0.24) to 0.34 for energy (p < 0.00). The results from the Bland-Altman plots for lipid, protein and zinc showed the most significant validity parameters, and zinc was found to show the best concordance. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that the FFQ showed satisfactory validity for use in studies involving children and adolescents

Avaliação de um Centro de Atenção Psicossocial: a realidade em Foz do Iguaçu

This is an excerpt of the study An evaluation of the Psychosocial Care Centers in Southern Brazil. The objective is to evaluate the ambience of a Level II Psychosocial Care Center (CAPS, abbreviation in Portuguese) as a place for comfort. This case-study was performed using a qualitative approach and the Fourth Generation Evaluation. The following was used for data collection: interviews with 10 professionals from the health team, 11 patients, and 11 relatives, and 297 hours of field observation. The closed door and the reduced team had repercussions on the work process at the Care Center. These critical nodes have a direct effect on the ambience, producing tension and antagonism in services such as CAPS. The presented issues are themes that demonstrate the commitment to a healthy environment, which implies comfort and subjectivity in the work at CAPS.Se trata de una parte de la investigación Evaluación de los Centros de Atención Psicosocial de la Región Sul del Brasil. Tenemos el objetivo de evaluar el ambiente en cuanto espacio de confort y subjetividad en un Centro de Atención Psicosocial II. Investigación cualitativa, tipo estudio de caso, que utilizó la Evaluación de Cuarta Generación. Los instrumentos de recolección de datos fueron: entrevistas con diez profesionales del equipo, 11 usuarios y 11 familiares y 297 horas de observación de campo. A puerta cerrada y con equipo reducido fueron problematizadas, ocasionando repercusiones en el proceso de trabajo del servicio. Estos nudos críticos interfieren directamente en el ambiente y consisten en tensión y antagonismo a las proposiciones de un servicio como el CAPS. Identificamos que las cuestiones presentadas son temas que demuestran el compromiso con un ambiente saludable, que considera el confort y la subjetividad en el trabajo del CAPS.Trata-se de um recorte da pesquisa Avaliação dos Centros de Atenção Psicossocial da Região Sul do Brasil. Temos o objetivo de avaliar a ambiência enquanto espaço de conforto e subjetividade em um Centro de Atenção Psicossocial II (CAPS). Pesquisa qualitativa, tipo estudo de caso, que utilizou a Avaliação de Quarta Geração. Os instrumentos de coleta de dados foram: entrevistas com dez profissionais da equipe, 11 usuários e 11 familiares e 297 horas de observação de campo. A porta fechada e a equipe reduzida foram problematizadas, ocasionando repercussões no processo de trabalho do serviço. Esses nós críticos interferem diretamente na ambiência e consistem em tensão e antagonismo às proposições de um serviço como CAPS. Identificamos que as questões apresentadas são temas que demonstram o compromisso com um ambiente saudável, que considera o conforto e a subjetividade no trabalho do CAPS

Importancia del ecoturismo para el desarrollo sostenible del distrito de Santo Domingo de la provincia de Morropón, Piura 2020

La presente tesis, tuvo como objetivo demostrar si es importante el ecoturismo para impulsar el desarrollo sostenible del distrito de Santo Domingo provincia de Morropón, Piura 2020. Por ello, iniciamos describiendo la realidad problemática la cual fundamenta nuestro interés por estudiar el siguiente problema ¿Es importante el ecoturismo para impulsar el desarrollo sostenible del distrito de Santo Domingo de la provincia de Morropón, Piura 2020? Para dicho problema planteamos la siguiente hipótesis, la importancia del ecoturismo impulsará el desarrollo sostenible del distrito de Santo Domingo de la provincia de Morropón, Piura 2020 mediante el factor ambiental, marketing turístico y circuitos turísticos. Esta investigación es de tipo básica, se realizó un muestreo no probabilístico, el cual resultó una muestra conformada por 366 personas entre turistas, pobladores y personas interesadas en el tema del turismo, para los cuales se les aplicó un cuestionario, para el desarrollo de esta tesis se plantearon los siguientes objetivos, analizar el factor ambiental para impulsar el desarrollo sostenible del distrito de Santo Domingo provincia de Morropón, Piura 2020, analizar el marketing turístico para impulsar el desarrollo sostenible del distrito de Santo Domingo provincia de Morropón, Piura 2020 e identificar los circuitos turísticos para impulsar el desarrollo sostenible del distrito de Santo Domingo provincia de Morropón, Piura 2020. Se llegó a la conclusión que dar a conocer la importancia del ecoturismo es una herramienta para el desarrollo sostenible del distrito de Santo Domingo y así poder explotar sus recursos de una manera responsable.The present thesis aimed to demonstrate whether ecotourism is important to promote the sustainable development of the Santo Domingo district, Morropón province, Piura 2020. Therefore, we begin by describing the problematic reality which bases our interest in studying the following problem. is ecotourism important to promote the sustainable development of the Santo Domingo district of the Morropón province, Piura 2020? For this problem we propose the following hypothesis, the importance of ecotourism will promote the sustainable development of the Santo Domingo district of the Morropón province, Piura 2020 through the environmental factor, tourist marketing and tourist circuits. This research is of a basic type, a non-probabilistic sampling was carried out, which resulted in a sample made up of 366 people among tourists, residents and people interested in the subject of tourism, for which a questionnaire was applied, for the development of this Thesis proposed the following objectives, analyze the environmental factor to promote the sustainable development of the district of Santo Domingo province of Morropón, Piura 2020, analyze tourism marketing to promote the sustainable development of the district of Santo Domingo province of Morropón, Piura 2020 and identify tourism circuits to promote the sustainable development of the Santo Domingo district, Morropón province, Piura 2020. It was concluded that publicizing the importance of ecotourism is a tool for the sustainable development of the Santo Domingo district and thus being able to exploit its resources in a responsible manner.Tesi

Inclusión y discapacidad en Colombia : análisis y recomendaciones para la construcción de política pública

Inclusión y discapacidad en Colombia es un libro estructurado en cuatro capítulos que evidencian el imaginario colectivo como primer obstáculo frente a la discapacidad, el cual ha imposibilitado tener grandes avances en las distintas esferas sociales que permitan la participación activa e inclusiva de la población con discapacidad del país. El escrito hace un recorrido sobre las acciones que desarrolla el Gobierno colombiano en beneficio de la población con discapacidad, así como respecto a las falencias en la implementación de la política pública y la normatividad en beneficio de la población con discapacidad. Además, aborda el salto fundamental de la norma a la realidad social y la necesidad de primero diseñar y estructurar como requisito para hablar garantía de derechos, desde un marco de accesibilidad universal y recordando la inclusión de la población con discapacidad en el entendido de “Nada sobre nosotros sin nosotros”.PRÓLOGO. INTRODUCCIÓN. CAPÍTULO I. ASPECTOS GENERALES DE LA DISCAPACIDAD Y EL ENTORNO. CAPÍTULO II. FUNDAMENTOS NORMATIVOS PARA LA DISCAPACIDAD. } CAPÍTULO III. INCLUSIÓN SIN FRONTERAS. CAPÍTULO IV. REALIDADES Y DISCAPACIDAD. CONCLUSIONES. GLOSARIO. BIBLIOGRAFÍA1a

Treatment of idiopathic congenital clubfoot using the Ponseti method: ten years of experience

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate outcomes of 229 idiopathic clubfeet (ICF) treated using the Ponseti method, from 2001 to 2011, comparing two groups with different follow-ups.Method155 patients (229 ICF) were treated separated in two groups: Group I: 72 patients (109 ICF – 47.6%) with a follow up of 62 to 128 months (mean of 85). Group II: 83 patients (120 ICF – 52.4%) with a follow up of 4 to 57 months (mean of 33.5). We have considered satisfactory outcomes for cases which correction of all deformed components, without surgery.ResultsMean age for the initial assessment was 5.4 months in Group I and 3.2 in Group II. Satisfactory outcomes were obtained in 85.4% in Group I and 97.5% in Group II. Mean cast placements were 9.5 in Group I and 7 in Group II. 67% were submitted to percutaneous Achilles tenotomy in Group I and 65% in Group II. Deformity relapses, when using abducted braces, occurred in 41 (37.6%) feet from Group I; 11 were treated surgically. In Group II, 17 feet relapsed (14.1%); three of them were submitted to surgery.ConclusionThe method was successful in both groups, in low number of complications. The results were statistically superior in Group II when deformity correction, cast placements, relapses and surgery indication

Restauração de Unidade Demonstrativa com o uso de Técnicas Nucleadoras em Mata Atlântica Estacional Semidecidual

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos de diferentes técnicas nucleadoras implantadas em uma unidade demonstrativa (área degradada), durante seus estádios sucessionais pelo período de um ano. As técnicas nucleadoras utilizadas foram: enleiramento de galharia, poleiros secos, transposição de solo e transposição de plântulas. O enleiramento de galharia se mostrou eficiente para o abrigo de espécies animais, e já em fase de decomposição, no aumento de matéria orgânica no solo. Os poleiros secos (arvores mortas em pé) foram visitados por 19 espécies de aves pertencentes a 11 famílias, num total de 222 indivíduos, sendo estes potenciais dispersores de sementes. A transposição de solo propiciou um expressivo aumento em número e diversidade de espécies vegetais no final do processo de restauração com implantação das técnicas nucleadoras, com uma densidade absoluta de 1240 indivíduos por hectare, com 33 espécies pertencentes a 18 famílias. A transposição de plântulas em grupos de Anderson na unidade demonstrativa se mostrou bastante eficaz, sendo que das 25 plântulas resgatadas na mata adjacente e plantadas diretamente na área, tiveram 100% de estabelecimento

Potassium Nutrition in Fruits and Vegetables and Food Safety through Hydroponic System

Although it is not an element with structural function in plants, potassium (K) is demanded in considerable quantities by plants due to multifunctional role in plant physiology and metabolism. Nevertheless, the interface of plant mineral nutrition and food safety evidences needs for a better understanding of functional mechanisms of this nutrient in plants, taking into account its management in hydroponic cultivation and food production with nutritional quality. Thus, the nutritional content of K in vegetables is indicative of post-harvest and nutritional quality. This fact is important considering that modern life has induced increased consumption of processed foods whose preparation implies reduction of K levels and increase of Na levels, with the consequent low K intake and appearance of diseases related to insufficient intake. Therefore, the present chapter aimed to address main nutritional, physiological, and biochemical aspects of K in a context of hydroponic plant production and importance of potassium nutrition to human health

A avaliação do déficit nacional de cirurgias corretivas de cardiopatias congênitas em 10 anos e o impacto da pandemia de COVID-19

Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi de estimar o déficit nacional de realização de cirurgias de correção de cardiopatias congênitas no período de 2010 a 2020, com enfoque adicional no impacto que a pandemia de COVID-19 teve neste cenário. Material e Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo transversal, descritivo e retrospectivo utilizando como banco de dados secundários o dataSUS para coleta das informações necessárias da quantidade de nascidos vivos e número de cirurgias corretivas de cardiopatias congênitas no período de 2010 a 2020. Foi adotada a estimativa de incidência das cardiopatias congênitas de 9:1000 nascimentos e a necessidade de intervenção cirúrgica precoce em 80% dos casos. Do número estimado de cirurgias a serem realizadas a cada ano, foi subtraído o número de cirurgias realizadas, e assim chegou-se ao déficit. Resultados: O maior déficit foi encontrado no ano de 2010 (64,27%), seguido pelo ano de 2020 com um déficit de 60,88%. O menor valor deficitário foi observado em 2019. A região Norte teve o maior déficit cumulativo durante o período de 2010 a 2020 (75,87%) e a região Sul teve o menor (47,32%). De 2019 a 2020 foi observado um acréscimo ao déficit de cirurgias. Conclusão: De 2012 a 2019, foi observada um aumento na oferta de cirurgias para a doença cardíaca congênita e consequente redução no déficit de cirurgias corretivas. Em 2020 houve um aumento no déficit, podendo guardar correlação com os impactos que a pandemia do novo coronavírus teve no sistema público de saúde brasileiro

The influence of mode of delivery on neonatal and maternal short and longterm outcomes

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the impact of mode of delivery on breastfeeding incentive practices and on neonatal and maternal short and long-term complications. METHODS: A cohort study was conducted between June 2015 and April 2016 with 768 puerperal women from 11 maternities in Sergipe, interviewed in the first 24 hours, 45–60 days and 6–8 months after delivery. Associations between breastfeeding incentive practices, neonatal and maternal, both short-term and late complications, and the exposure variables were evaluated by the relative risk (95%CI) and the Fisher exact test. RESULTS: The C-section newborns had less skin-to-skin contact immediately after delivery (intrapartum C-section: 0.18, 95%CI 0.1–0.31 and elective C-section: 0.36, 95%CI 0.27–0.47) and less breastfeeding within one hour of birth (intrapartum C-section: 0.43, 95%CI 0.29–0.63 and elective C-section: 0.44, 95%CI 0.33–0.59). Newborns from elective C-section were less frequently breastfed in the delivery room 0.42 (95%CI 0.2–0.88) and roomed-in less 0.85 (95%CI 0.77–0.95). Women submitted to intrapartum C-section had greater risk of early complications 1.3 (95%CI 1.04–1.64, p = 0.037) and sexual dysfunction 1.68 (95%CI 1.14–2.48, p = 0.027). The frequency of neonatal complications, urinary incontinence and depression according to the mode of delivery was similar. CONCLUSIONS: The C-section was negatively associated with breastfeeding incentive practices; in addition, C-section after labor increased the risk of early maternal complications and sexual dysfunction