2. La fortificación ibérica del Puig de Sant Andreu (Ullastret, Cataluña) : aspectos técnicos, formales y funcionales

L’ensemble des éléments qui conforment les structures défensives de l’oppidum du Puig de Sant Andreu d’Ullastret constituent un modèle unique en ce qui concerne le contexte des fortifications ibériques, tant pour leur complexité conceptuelle que pour la diversité des techniques utilisées pour sa réalisation. Il en résulte l’évidence de l’influence de modèles architectoniques défensifs d’origine méditerranéenne, acquis essentiellement grâce aux contactes avec les établissements grecs établis dans cette zone. Malgré tout, on remarque que ces influences constituent un apport qui se traduit souvent en une adaptation de ces modèles exogènes à l’idiosyncrasie du système constructif local.The ensemble of elements that constitute the defensive system at the Puig de Sant Andreu in Ullastret are a unique model in the context of the Iberian fortresses. This is so because of its conceptual complexity as well as the technical diversity used in building it. In this sense, the influence of defensive architectural models of Mediterranean origin is obvious. These models were mainly acquired through contact with colonial Greek settlements in the area. Nevertheless, it should be noted that these influences were usually translated into adaptations of the foreign models to the local building idiosyncrasy

Ritmo circadiano de alimentação do percevejo barriga-verde em cultivos de milho

The objective of this work was to evaluate the circadian feeding rhythm of the green-belly stink bug (Dichelops melacanthus) on corn (Zea mays), and to correlate it with meteorological parameters. The experiments were conducted in corn fields in the first (summer) and second (fall) crop seasons, in the municipality of Chapecó, in the state of Santa Catarina, Brazil. Plants in the V3 and V5 stages were covered with cages and infested with adults of D. melacanthus. After 24 hours of acclimation, the number of insects feeding on the plant stem was counted every three hours (at 6:00, 9:00, 12:00, 15:00, 18:00, 21:00, and 0:00 h). At night, a red led flashlight was used to visualize the insects without interfering with their behavior. Meteorological parameters were monitored and correlated to the number of insects feeding on the plants. In the first and second crop seasons, the number of insects feeding on the corn stem differed among evaluation times, with peak in the afternoon, in the evening, and at night. Few insects were found feeding at 6:00 and 9:00 h. There was a positive correlation between air temperature and feeding in both seasons. In milder temperature regions, the preferred feeding time of D. melacanthus on corn is during the afternoon, evening, and night hours, which should be taken into account for a precise management of this insect.O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o ritmo circadiano de alimentação do percevejo barriga-verde (Dichelops melacanthus) em milho (Zea mays), e correlacionar esse comportamento com parâmetros meteorológicos. Os experimentos foram realizados em cultivos de milho de primeira (verão) e segunda safras (outono), no município de Chapecó, no estado de Santa Catarina, Brasil. Para isso, plantas nos estágios V3 e V5 foram cobertas por gaiolas e infestadas com adultos de D. melacanthus. Após 24 horas de aclimatização, o número de insetos que se alimentava no colmo das plantas foi mensurado a cada três horas (às 6:00, 9:00, 12:00, 15:00, 18:00, 21:00 e 0:00 h). Para avaliações noturnas, utilizou-se uma lanterna com led vermelho, para visualizar os insetos sem interferir em seu comportamento. Parâmetros meteorológicos foram monitorados e correlacionados com o número de insetos que se alimentava nas plantas. Nas primeira e segunda safras, o número de insetos que se alimentava nos colmos de milho diferiu entre os horários avaliados, com maior abundância à tarde e à noite. Poucos insetos foram observados alimentando-se às 6:00 e 9:00 h. Houve correlação positiva entre a temperatura do ar e a alimentação, em ambas as safras. Em regiões de clima mais ameno, o período preferido para alimentação de D. melacanthus em milho é nas horas da tarde e da noite, o que deve ser levado em consideração para um manejo eficiente desse inseto

AMBIVALENT IMPLICATIONS OF HEALTH CARE INFORMATION SYSTEMS: A STUDY IN THE BRAZILIAN PUBLIC HEALTH CARE SYSTEM

This article evaluates social implications of the ""SIGA"" Health Care Information System (HIS) in a public health care organization in the city of Sao Paulo. The evaluation was performed by means of an in-depth case study with patients and staff of a public health care organization, using qualitative and quantitative data. On the one hand, the system had consequences perceived as positive such as improved convenience and democratization of specialized treatment for patients and improvements in work organization. On the other hand, negative outcomes were reported, like difficulties faced by employees due to little familiarity with IT and an increase in the time needed to schedule appointments. Results show the ambiguity of the implications of HIS in developing countries, emphasizing the need for a more nuanced view of the evaluation of failures and successes and the importance of social contextual factors

La configuración de espacios urbanos en el distrito de Pichari-VRAEM producida por el cultivo ilícito de coca

La investigación se realiza en el Valle Rio Apurímac, Ene y Mantaro (VRAEM) específicamente al distrito de Pichari por que se dedican al cultivo de la hoja de coca, debido al alto costo de este producto. El objetivo es analizar la configuración urbana y su crecimiento acelerado y poco ordenado, como consecuencia de la migración de las personas de la sierra, para tener un mejor ingreso económicos para sus familias. La metodología inicia con el análisis de la evolución urbana y cómo se configura la morfología del distrito de Pichari la recolección de datos que es mediante entrevista y documentos científicos. Los resultados se pueden analizar como la evolución urbana crece muy rápido hasta la actualidad, por la la actividad del cultivo también esto genera equipamientos urbanos básicos en la zona. concluyendo que la hoja de coca es determina en el crecimiento urbano de Pichari y debido a su crecimiento poblacional aparece la necesidad de equipamientos urbano y espacios públicos.LIMAEscuela Profesional de ArquitecturaDiseño Arquitectónico, Territorio, Urbanismo, Paisaje y Patrimoni

Scale-up de um sistema de tratamento térmico de biomassa por torrefação

Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso (graduação)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Tecnologia, Departamento de Engenharia Mecânica, 2019.A biomassa é vista como uma fonte de energia renovável e vem sendo aproveitada para substituir os combustíveis fósseis. Sua aplicação, desde que controlada, não agride o meio ambiente; porém, para sua produção, grandes áreas florestais podem ser destruídas, sendo considerado um enorme impacto ambiental. Visando diminuir este efeito, indústrias madeireiras usufruem de tratamentos térmicos, a fim de melhorar as propriedades de seus produtos. Dentre os diversos processos, encontra-se a torrefação, processo no qual a biomassa é aquecida a temperaturas relativamente baixas (200_C à 300_C) garantindo o aumento das qualidades estruturais, tais como diminuir o teor de umidade e voláteis, melhorar as propriedades mecânicas do material e diminuir o risco de deterioração biológica, mantendo, em média, 70% da massa inicial. O presente projeto teve por finalidade o estudo de um scale-up de um sistema laboratorial de tratamento térmico de biomassa para uma escala semi-industrial, adotando as condições operacionais industriais de um reator de torrefação e empregando a condução térmica como principal meio de transferência de calor. Foi realizado o dimensionamento por meio de um software de representação em três dimensões, selecionado os materiais e equipamentos mais adequados e analisado os fenômenos térmicos que ocorrem dentro do reator por meio de simulações numéricas de análise de transferência de calor, utilizando a plataforma COMSOL Multiphysics.Biomass is seen as a renewable energy source and has been used instead of fossil fuels. Its application, if controlled, does not harm the environment, but for its production, large forest areas can be destroyed, which is considered a huge environmental impact. In order to reduce this effect, timber industries enjoy thermal treatments to improve the properties of their products. Among the various processes, is the torrefaction, a process in which the biomass is heated at relatively low temperatures (200_C to 300_C) ensuring an increase in structural qualities, such as decreasing the moisture and volatile content, improving mechanical properties of the material and reducing the risk of the biological deterioration, maintaining an average of 70% of the initial mass. The purpose of this project was to study a scale-up of a laboratory system of biomass thermal treatment for a semi industrial scale, adopting the industrial operating conditions of a torrefaction reactor, employing thermal conduction as the main means of heat transfer. Dimensioning was performed through a three dimensions representation software, selected the most appropriate materials and equipment, and analyzed the thermal phenomena that occur inside the furnance by means of numerical simulations of heat transfer analysis using the platform COMSOL Multiphysics

Dietary, Anthropometric, and Biochemical Determinants of Plasma High-Density Lipoprotein-Cholesterol in Free-Living Adults

The level of high-density lipoprotein is thought to be critical in inhibiting lesion formation as well as reducing the lipid load of preexisting atherosclerotic lesions. With the aim of determining the main determinants of plasma HDL-cholesterol (HDL-c) in free-living adults, 997 individuals (52.3 ± 10 years, 67% females) were selected for a descriptive cross-sectional study. The used data corresponded to the baseline obtained from participants clinically selected for a lifestyle modification program. Covariables of clinical, anthropometry, food intake, aerobic fitness, and plasma biochemistry were analyzed against plasma HDL-c either as continuous or categorized variables. After adjustments for age, gender, and BMI the excess of abdominal fat along with high carbohydrate-energy intake and altered plasma triglycerides were the stronger predictors of reduced plasma HDL-c. In conclusion lifestyle interventions aiming to normalize abdominal fatness and plasma triglycerides are recommended to restore normal levels of HDL-c in these free-living adults