Add-on saxagliptin improves glycemic status among uncontrolled type 2 diabetes mellitus

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have multiple pathophysiologic defects contributing to hyperglycemia. T2DM patients have insulin resistance with progressive β-cell failure and progressive insulin secretion defect. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors target the incretin system. saxagliptin is a DPP-4 inhibitor slowing the degradation of Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and Glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP) sustain the incretin effects. Aim was to know the add-on effects of saxagliptin among uncontrolled T2DM.Methods: A total of 71 uncontrolled T2DM patients on various antidiabetic therapies except incretin mimetic were consecutively selected for the study. Baseline fasting plasma glucose (FPG), 2hour postprandial glucose (PPG) and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) was measured. Saxagliptin orally 5mg/day was given after approval of ethical committee and FPG, 2hour PPG and HbA1c was measured at 12 weeks and 24 weeks. Data were collected and analyzed by ‘t’ test using SPSS software version 25.Results: Baseline FPG, 2hour PPG and HbA1c was 158.4±13.9mg%, 252.6±24.4mg% and 8.6±1.3% respectively. Percentage of patients achieved HbA1c of <7% at 12 weeks was 16.9% and 43.6% at 24 weeks (P <0.05). Adjusted mean difference in HbA1c was 0.73% at 12 weeks and 1.2 % at 24 weeks (P <0.05). Reduction of mean FPG, 2hour PPG and HbA1c was 154.48±13.8mg%, 240.31±26.8mg% and 7.93±1.1% at 12 weeks and 151.15±13.7mg%, 231.7±27mg% and 7.38±1% at 24 weeks respectively (P <0.05). Patients on insulin were better responded.Conclusions: Add-on saxagliptin improves all parameter of glycemic status in uncontrolled type 2 DM patients

Effect of low dose aspirin on maternal outcome in women at risk for developing pregnancy induced hypertension

Background: Pre-eclampsia is not totally a preventable disease. It is found more related to chains of social ills such as poor maternal nutrition, limited or no antenatal care and poor reproductive education. However, some specific “high-risk” factors leading to pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH) may be identified in individuals which include and not limited to young and elderly primigravida, multiple pregnancy, diabetes, Rh incompatibility, new paternity, pre-existing vascular or renal disease, family history of hypertension, pre-eclampsia and eclampsia, obesity, thrombophilia. Low dose aspirin given in 2nd trimester in these high-risk women is anticipated to prevent the development of PIH.Methods: This prospective randomized controlled trial was conducted in the department of obstetrics and gynecology, SCB MC and Hospital, Cuttack during November 2018 to October 2019. Pregnant women between the gestational age of 13th to 28th weeks were screened for risk factors and included in this study. Low dose aspirin of 60 mg daily till delivery was given to pregnant women who consented to be a part of study randomly with the other group having placebo.Results: Protienuric hypertension was high in control group who did not receive aspirin. Low dose aspirin significantly reduces PIH in high-risk group (3.48% in case versus 23.52% in control). Low dose aspirin was not associated with significant increase in placental bleeding. Low dose aspirin was generally safe for the fetus and new born infant with no evidence of an increased likelihood of bleeding.Conclusions: Low dose aspirin has a definite role in the prevention of PIH in high risk pregnancy. Low dose aspirin reduces the incidence of PIH. Low dose aspirin can be considered a safe drug without any deleterious side effect for mother and the fetus. Benefits of prevention of PIH, justifies its administration in women at high risk

Histopathological classification of ovarian neoplasm: a retrospective study of 612 cases from a regional cancer centre, Odisha, India

Background: Ovarian cancer is the leading cause of cancer related death amongst women in India. Identification of histological types helps to predict tumor behaviour and further appropriate management. Aims and objectives is to study the histopathological parameters of ovarian tumor.Methods: This retrospective study was done on patients who presented ovarian mass and subsequently underwent surgery in a Regional Cancer Centre, Odisha, over a period of three years from January 2016 to December 2018.  All datas such as age, site, gross findings and histological tumor types were retrieved from pathology and analyzed using MS Excel worksheet.Results: A total 612 cases of ovarian tumor were included for study. Non-neoplastic to neoplastic tumor ratio was 1:7.74. Surface epithelial tumors comprised the majority of tumors, accounting for 452 cases (83.39%). Malignant lesions were predominant in this series 416 cases (76%). Majority of borderline tumors were of mucinous subtype 20 (76.92%). The Mean±SD ages of all benign comprising, borderline and malignant tumors were 47.4±11.9, 44.9±14.3 and 46.9±13, respectively. On the basis of two tired grading system, high grade malignant serous tumors were maximum, 226 (74.34%). Ovarian surface involvement, omental invasion, uterine invasion, LVSI, capsular invasion and pelvic lymph node involvement was observed in 146 (35.26%), 106 (25.6%), 12 (2.89%), 70 (16.9%), 6 (1.44%) and 12 (2.89%) respectively. According to the FIGO staging system, among primary malignant tumor, 58% patients were presented in late stage (III and IV).Conclusions: The high incidence of malignant ovarian tumor with late presentation was observed in our study. So, further study is warranted to elucidate the major factors in our population

Abiotic stress tolerance in mangroves with a special reference to salinity

Since mangroves are found near extremely transitional ecosystems, they face a lot of physico-chemical perturbations. As mangroves possess a unique ecotone, they experience many abiotic stressors viz. salinity, metal, oil, humidity temperature, nutrient and a wide range of biotic interactions. Amongst all, salinity is the most important factor affecting mangrove physiology and biochemistry, and thereby regulating the organic matter contribution to the consumers underneath. Exploitation by human, being a dominant biotic interference, is above the rate at which natural replacement of mangrove vegetation occur. Mal-nutrition is a limiting factor in growth and reproduction of many mangroves whereas nutrient replenishment reduces the phytotoxicity of heavy metals. Different environmental pollutants including heavy metals, recalcitrant, cosmetics, petroleum oil and endocrine disrupters have reported impact on various mangroves and associated biota. Stress tolerance in mangroves involves various mechanism including morphological and anatomical features, osmoregulation, water use efficiency, salt secretion, salt exclusion and salt accumulation and molecular regulations. Various aspects of salt tolerance strategies of mangroves related to their growth, biochemical anatomy and physiology were reported by many researchers

Comparative P solubilizing efficiencies of five acid soil bacteria incubated with calcium, aluminium and iron phosphates

As acid soils of Odisha have been facing a major constraint in phosphorus availability, application of native P solubilizing bacteria could be promising as well as ecofriendly step towards sustainable P availability for crop growth and development. To address the problem of P availability in acid soil of Bhubaneswar, Odisha, rhizosphere soil samples (pH ≤ 5.50) with rice – pulses (green gram/black gram) cropping system were collected and phosphate solubilising bacteria were isolated. In vitro characterization of the PSB isolates were conducted with calcium, aluminium and iron phosphates to recover soluble P. All the five strains i.e. Bacillus cereus BLS18 (KT582541), Bacillus amyloliquefaciens CTC12 (KT633845), Burkholderia cepacia KHD08 (KT717633), Burkholderia cepacia KJR03 (KT717634), Burkholderia cepacia K1 (KM030037) could solubilize Ca3(PO4)2, AlPO4, FePO4, and Fe3(PO4)2. Higher recovery of soluble P was with Ca3(PO4)2 while the least was with AlPO4. All the strains exibited a trend similar with respect to P recovery i.e. Ca3(PO4)2 &gt; FePO4 &gt; AlPO4 &gt; Fe3(PO4)2. B. amyloliquefaciens CTC12 was most efficient in solubilizing calcium and iron phosphates whereas B. cepacia KHD08 recovered maximum P with aluminium phosphate. All the inorganic salt fortified mediums showed a significant decline in pH which necessitated the identification of compounds present in the mediums. Organic acids viz; acetic, citric, gluconic, lactic, malic, succinic, tartaric acids in the mediums were identified by HPLC. Tartaric acid was only found in the mediums supplemented with AlPO4. B. amyloliquefaciens CTC12 and B. cepacia KHD08 showed promising results in in vitro analysis of P solubilization. The present study is focused on problematic acid soils where phosphorous is unavailable and mostly fixed with aluminium and iron ultimately making it unavailable for the crops to take up. This leads to unbalanced and frequent use of chemical fertilizer. Hence the study is a significant attempt to characterize native PSBs with capacity to solubilize Al-P and Fe-

Plant growth promoting activities of P solubilizing bacteria and their impact on disease resistance in groundnut, Arachis hypogaea L. against soil borne fungal pathogens

Plant growth promoting (PGP) activities of soil bacteria directly help plants in taking up the nutrients, attuning the growth hormones and indirectly safeguard by inhibiting diverse groups of fungal pathogens. In this study, we explored the native P solubilizing bacteria (PSB) isolated from the acid soils (pH &lt; 5.5) of Odisha for selection of efficient PGPR with antifungal potential. Five PSB strainswere checked for their P solubilization efficiencies with Ca3(PO4)2,AlPO4,FePO4 and Fe3(PO4)2. The bioconversion of P by all the five strains in the broth medium followed the order Ca-P &gt; Fe(III)-P &gt; Fe(II)-P &gt;Al-P. The strains interestingly showed potential plant growthpromoting properties including indole acetic acid (IAA) andsiderophore production in in vitro tests. These five strains also exhibited antifungal activities against fungal pathogens(Pythium aphanidermatum, Fusarium oxysporum, Pythium debaryanum, Thanatephorus cucumeris and Aspergillus niger)of groundnut. A field study was carried out with two of the above PSB strains [identified as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens(KT633845) and Burkholderia cepacia (KT717633)] with groundnut. Both the stains significantly influenced the plantgrowth (plant height, nodule no. and nodule dry weight) and pod yield. However, these two strains inoculated along withdoses of inorganic phosphate (SSP, single super phosphate) resulted in significantly higher pod yield as well as residual soil P.Additionally; the prevalence of both seedling mortality and plant mortality due to collar rot and stem rot were found to bereduced significantly in the inoculated plots. The findings substantiate the growth promoting ability of the two P solubilizingstrains, and thus qualifies to be used as biofertilizers either alone or as components of INM practice

Plant growth promoting activities of P solubilizing bacteria and their impact on disease resistance in groundnut, <i>Arachis hypogaea</i> L. against soil borne fungal pathogens

606-616Plant growth promoting (PGP) activities of soil bacteria directly help plants in taking up the nutrients, attuning the growth hormones and indirectly safeguard by inhibiting diverse groups of fungal pathogens. In this study, we explored the native P solubilizing bacteria (PSB) isolated from the acid soils (pH 3(PO4)2,AlPO4,FePO4 and Fe3(PO4)2. The bioconversion of P by all the five strains in the broth medium followed the order Ca-P > Fe(III)-P > Fe(II)-P >Al-P. The strains interestingly showed potential plant growthpromoting properties including indole acetic acid (IAA) andsiderophore production in in vitro tests. These five strains also exhibited antifungal activities against fungal pathogens(Pythium aphanidermatum, Fusarium oxysporum, Pythium debaryanum, Thanatephorus cucumeris and Aspergillus niger)of groundnut. A field study was carried out with two of the above PSB strains [identified as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens(KT633845) and Burkholderia cepacia (KT717633)] with groundnut. Both the stains significantly influenced the plantgrowth (plant height, nodule no. and nodule dry weight) and pod yield. However, these two strains inoculated along withdoses of inorganic phosphate (SSP, single super phosphate) resulted in significantly higher pod yield as well as residual soil P.Additionally; the prevalence of both seedling mortality and plant mortality due to collar rot and stem rot were found to bereduced significantly in the inoculated plots. The findings substantiate the growth promoting ability of the two P solubilizingstrains, and thus qualifies to be used as biofertilizers either alone or as components of INM practices

Perceived Stress, Quality of Life and Pregnancy Outcomes Among Women with Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy (HDP) And Role of Midwives in It: A Systematic Review

Hypertensive disorders during pregnancy are one of the leading causes of maternal &amp; newborn death across the world. Many of the hypertensive antenatal women often end of with admission to ICU due to severe pre-eclampsia and eclampsia, or delivering dead babies of term pregnancy, even if live baby delivered, they mostly admitted to NICU due to respiratory distress and prematurity. Hence, they need continuous educational intervention and follow up by healthcare personnel. And a midwife is the right person for this. Midwives play an important role in encouraging pregnant mothers to adhere to treatment through various education and follow up resulting in safe pregnancy outcome among these mothers. But in Indian scenario in many places the role of midwives are often ignored while managing pregnancy complications. Therefore, current paper aimed to explore the expanded role of midwives in identifying the affected quality of life and its impact on pregnancy outcome among women with HDPs. The empirical research papers of various countries were searched through the electronic databases like Pro-Quest, Embase, Research Gate, Science direct, PUBMED, MEDLINE, CINAHL-EBSCO, web of science, Google Scholar etc and the references were also searched of those primary articles. A total of 15 out of 275 studies including both RCTs, Systematic &amp; narrative review papers were analysed. In this paper 4 relevant points were analyzed, like- perceived stress, quality of life (QOL), pregnancy outcomes and role of midwife in GHTN management in rural India. The research papers on pregnancy outcomes as well as stress and QOL secondary to gestational outcome were plenty, but very less studies were retrieved on role of midwives. Mother’s with GHTN has more stress regarding the fetal wellbeing which ultimately affects the quality of life. Interventional studies revealed reduction in stress and improved perinatal outcome secondary to some integrated midwifery management approach. More research on addressing quality of life and exploring the stressors and interventional programs by midwifes are recommended to bring solution to this problem. The result of this review can be incorporated into nursing research to empower the women with gestational hypertension to have a positive pregnancy experience