The politics of alcohol policy in Nigeria: a critical analysis of how and why brewers use strategic ambiguity to supplant policy initiatives

The global call by the World Health Assembly (WHA) to control the rising alcohol-related problems caused by harmful consumption through policy became necessary in 2005 due to the recognition of the fact that many countries did not have alcohol policies. This gave rise to the adoption of a ten-point policy strategy by the World Health Organization (WHO) Member States in 2010. Against this backdrop, many countries adopted alcohol policies to reduce harmful alcohol consumption. Nigeria was one of the WHO Member Countries that adopted the resolution. Nigeria is among the 30 countries with the highest per capita consumption and alcohol-related problems, yet has not formulated alcohol policy to date. This paper draws on Eisenberg’s Strategic Ambiguity Model to explore the role of brewers in supplanting alcohol policy initiatives in Nigeria. It argues that the leading alcohol producers in Nigeria have been the main reason alcohol policies have not been formulated. The article focuses on why their campaigns for responsible drinking, promotions, sponsorships and ‘strategic social responsibilities’ may have increased since the WHA made the call and the WHO adopted the resolution in 2010. It concludes by arguing that there is an urgent need to formulate policies drawing from the WHO resolution to curtail the activities of these brewers and reduce harmful consumption

The effectiveness of a monopreparation containing a combination of ciprofloxacin – ornidazole in the treatment of infectious-inflammatory and dysbiotic vagina diseases

Introduction. Infectious inflammatory and dysbiotic diseases of the vagina represent a major concern facing obstetric and gynecological science. Individually, the two most common specific diseases can be distinguished, namely: bacterial vaginosis (BV) and nonspecific vaginitis (NV). The therapeutic strategy for these diseases requires a word of clarification and adjustment.Objective. To conduct a comparative analysis of treatment with the combination drug Orcepol WM (ciprofloxacin (500 mg) and ornidazole (500 mg)) and a combination of monopreparations in a dosage form similar to Orcepol WM.Materials and methods. As a comparison object, we used the method of simultaneous administration by patients of tablet forms of ciprofloxacin and ornidazole as mono-preparations in a dosage of 500 mg similar to Orcepol. The study included 64 patients with diagnoses of “bacterial vaginosis” or “nonspecific vaginitis” or "decompensated mixed vaginal dysbiosis". The average age of the patients was 35.34 ± 5.95 years. The patients were divided into two groups: group 1 (n = 32) received the combination drug Orcepol WM, group 2 (n = 32) received ciprofloxacin and ornidazole with two mono-preparations. The drugs were prescribed as a five-day course, two times a day. The patients were followed up by a doctor during two visits and one remote interview on day 30–45 after the end of treatment (visit 2).Results. In both groups, all patients received a full course of antibacterial therapy. There were no adverse drug reactions. In both groups, there was an improvement in clinical symptoms from the first to the second visit: discomfort, itching, burning, dyspareunia, hyperemia of the mucous membrane against the background of normalization of laboratory findings of the vaginal microbiocenosis condition. At the same time, the best results were higher in group 1. Manifestation of mycotic vaginitis with the development of strong clinical symptomatology on days 3 and 4 of treatment respectively were recorded in 4 (12.5%) patients from group 1 and 7 (21.9%) from group 2. The results of comparative observation showed that the number of relapses after the end of therapy were the same in group 1 (8 out of 32 patients, 25%) and in group 2 (9 out of 32 patients, 28%). The relapse occurred on average day 12 and 17 after the end of therapy, respectively.Сonclusion. Thus, the use of Orcepol WM showed a greater therapeutic efficacy as compared to the use of tablet forms of ciprofloxacin and ornidazole in similar dosages as a single-drug administration, which can be explained by a stronger patients' adherence to the treatment

ФОРМИРОВАНИЕ ПОРИСТОГО АНОДНОГО ОКСИДА АЛЮМИНИЯ В РАСТВОРЕ МАЛОНОВОЙ КИСЛОТЫ С ДОБАВКОЙ АРСЕНАЗО I: 1. КИНЕТИКА АНОДИРОВАНИЯ, ОБЪЕМНЫЙ РОСТ, РАСТВОРЕНИЕ И МЕЗОПОРИСТАЯ СТРУКТУРА ОКСИДА

A formation of anodic alumina in malonic acid containing complexing additives arsezano I and without it,the kinetics of the formation of alumina, mesoporous structure, Pilling-Bedworth ratio and solution study.Проведено гальваностатическое формирование анодного оксида алюминия в малоновой кислоте с комплексообразующей добавкой арсеназо I и без нее. Изучены кинетика формирования оксида, растворение алюминия в процессе анодирования, объемный рост анодного оксида алюминия и его мезопористая структура

Polycrystalline bismuth films: correlation between grain structure and electron transport

Grain structure and the temperature dependences of resistivity, magnetoresistance, Hall and Seebeck coefficients measured in the range from 4 to 300 K were investigated for polycrystalline bismuth films obtained by the melt spinning (MS) and electrochemical deposition (ECD) methods. Charge-carrier concentration and mobilities were calculated assuming the carrier scattering on acoustic deformation potential as the dominant scattering mechanism, parabolicity of holes dispersion law, implying the Lax model for L-band electrons and neglecting the influence of L-band holes on conductivity. The experimental results and calculations have demonstrated that the electrical properties of the Bi films studied are strongly affected by the grain-boundary density

Therapy chronic trichomoniasis at patients with associated urogenital chlamydial infection

Present material of problem question therapy chronic trichomoniasis. Study clinical and bacteriological effectiveness basic etiotropic preparation and their combination, used in treatment patients trichomoniasis. Found that the combined application antiprotozoal drugs have a more pronounced effect on kills T. vaginalis and shortens the rehabilitation of the patient