A Typology of Heritage Crime Victims

Heritage crime has to date received little criminological interest relative to other topics within the discipline. Therefore, the current literature on the area is limited. Victims of heritage crime are significantly under-represented in the current body of literature, and empirical research on heritage crime and victimisation is lacking; as is any theoretical development of the phenomenon. This article makes small steps towards addressing some of the substantial gaps relating to heritage crime victimisation in presenting the first typology of heritage crime victims. This typology is the result of research conducted across England and Wales with a sample of heritage practitioners, police officers, and heritage crime victims. Based on the research conducted, we hope to contribute towards the body of police and heritage practitioner knowledge concerning victims of heritage crime. The typology may, with further research, be applied or adapted to include heritage crime victims across the globe

University music students' thinking about performance : cultural creativity in an educational context

This research seeks to explore the knowledge and beliefs of university music performance students, and to see whether any pattern(s) or framework(s) of theory can be postulated. The research also considers the impact on this framework of the educational context, especially the performance assessment element. Relatively little is known about students’ views of music, including its performance, and how these views are affected by experiences of higher education (see Hallam, 2006; Mills, 1996; Pitts, 2002). The project forms a case study of second/third year music students at the University of Hull in the academic year 2007-8.The study is situated within the field of music education, although I will be drawing on and appealing to other research paradigms in my account of the data, including ethnographic accounts of musicians in various contexts (e.g. Cohen, 1991; Finnegan, 1989), and sociological theories of cultural work (e.g. Willis, 1978; 2000). The findings will contribute to music education, to the philosophy and psychology of music within the broader field of musicology, and to sociocultural studies.Ethnographic methodology was used to elicit accounts of students’ experiences and thoughts through interviews, informal discussions, participant observations of rehearsals, and nonparticipant observation of lessons and classes. Specifically, the aim was to investigate the students’ understandings of the phenomenon of music performance, and of their roles as performers; and to ascertain their views of the ‘culture’, or the ‘world’, of performing music, especially within the educational context of the university.Data gathering took place early in the study; analysis of data then began formally, and preliminary findings began to emerge, while relevant literature in the field of music education, music philosophy, ethnography and ethnomusicology was examined, with a view to contextualising the study amongst investigations within and outside the musicological domain.The findings sit within the relatively recent corpus of research known as critical musicology. Although the intention of the research is not necessarily to inform future practice, either within the institution in which the fieldwork took place, or in other music education establishments, the empirically-derived, grounded theory emerging from this study may be considered sufficiently interesting to have the potential to influence policy in such institutions as aim to provide music education

Latent Didactic Functions of Tlingit Mythology: A Re-Evaluation of Raven\u27s Role in Northwest Coast Culture

A comparative study was conducted of several variants of the Raven cycle of myths as manifested among the Tlingit Indians of the Northwest Coast. The results of this folkloristic study indicate that the myths serve several didactic functions. In addition to the manifest function of explaining the origin of the present order of the world the myths also serve to provide members of the society with a classificatory system through which they are able to relate to observable phenomena within their environment. The myths also provide institutionalized behavioral alternatives available to the society as manifested by the actions of Raven, the principal character in Tlingit mythology. In the role of Culture Hero, Raven\u27s motives for his actions are altruistic, and in this context are to be emulated, while in the role of Trickster his motives are selfishness and greed and because they are ultimately destructive to society, are not to be condoned

Minimizing Computational Resources for Deep Machine Learning: A Compression and Neural Architecture Search Perspective for Image Classification and Object Detection

Computational resources represent a significant bottleneck across all current deep learning computer vision approaches. Image and video data storage requirements for training deep neural networks have led to the widespread use of image and video compression, the use of which naturally impacts the performance of neural network architectures during both training and inference. The prevalence of deep neural networks deployed on edge devices necessitates efficient network architecture design, while training neural networks requires significant time and computational resources, despite the acceleration of both hardware and software developments within the field of artificial intelligence (AI). This thesis addresses these challenges in order to minimize computational resource requirements across the entire end-to-end deep learning pipeline. We determine the extent to which data compression impacts neural network architecture performance, and by how much this performance can be recovered by retraining neural networks with compressed data. The thesis then focuses on the accessibility of the deployment of neural architecture search (NAS) to facilitate automatic network architecture generation for image classification suited to resource-constrained environments. A combined hard example mining and curriculum learning strategy is developed to minimize the image data processed during a given training epoch within the NAS search phase, without diminishing performance. We demonstrate the capability of the proposed framework across all gradient-based, reinforcement learning, and evolutionary NAS approaches, and a simple but effective method to extend the approach to the prediction-based NAS paradigm. The hard example mining approach within the proposed NAS framework depends upon the effectiveness of an autoencoder to regulate the latent space such that similar images have similar feature embeddings. This thesis conducts a thorough investigation to satisfy this constraint within the context of image classification. Based upon the success of the overall proposed NAS framework, we subsequently extend the approach towards object detection. Despite the resultant multi-label domain presenting a more difficult challenge for hard example mining, we propose an extension to the autoencoder to capture the additional object location information encoded within the training labels. The generation of an implicit attention layer within the autoencoder network sufficiently improves its capability to enforce similar images to have similar embeddings, thus successfully transferring the proposed NAS approach to object detection. Finally, the thesis demonstrates the resilience to compression of the general two-stage NAS approach upon which our proposed NAS framework is based

Graviton Production in Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collisions

We study the feasibility of producing the graviton of the novel Kaluza-Klein theory in which there are d large compact dimensions in addition to the 4 dimensions of Minkowski spacetime. We calculate the cross section for producing such a graviton in nucleus-nucleus collisions via t-channel photon-photon fusion using the semiclassical Weizsacker-Williams method and show that it can exceed the cross section for graviton production in electron-positron scattering by several orders of magnitude.Comment: 10 pages, 3 figures, accepted for publication in Physical Review

Release of prostaglandins from the uterus

There is much evidence for the existence of a luteolytic hormone (luteolysin) secreted by the uterus towards the end of the oe3trous cycle or pseudopregnancy in several mammalian species. Its chemical identity is unknown. Distension of the uterus by the insertion of a foreign body or the systemic administration of oestrogen causes early regression of the corpora lutea due to the premature release of this hormone.There is much evidence for the existence of a luteolytic hormone (luteolysin) secreted by the uterus towards the end of the oestrous cycle or pseudopregnancy in several mammalian species. Its chemical identity is unknown. Distension of the uterus by the insertion of a foreign body or the systemic administration of oestrogen causes early regression of the corpora lutea due to the premature release of this hormone.Prostaglandin F₂α. possesses potent luteolytic activity in all of the species so far tested. Consequently experiments have been performed to investigate whether the uterine luteolytic hormone could be this prostaglandin.Distension of the guinea-pig uterus in vitro and the sys tonic administration of oestrogen to guinea-pigs were found to release prostaglandin F₂α from the uterus. The analysis of uterine venous blood samples taken from cycling sheep and guineapigs showed prostaglandin F₂ α to be present in levels higher at the end of the oestrous cycle than at times earlier. Also the uterine venous blood of guineapigs contained a high level of prostaglandin E₂ at the end of the cycle.In sheep with an ovary autotransplanted to the neck, cyclic activity ceases. The fluid which often accumulates in the uterus of such sheep has been analysed and was found to contain large amounts of prostaglandin F₂ α. In addition, prostaglandin F-like activity was detected in the uterine venous blood but not the carotid arterial blood of one of these sheep. The results of these findings are discussed.Prostaglandins F₂α and E₂ were present in guinea-pig uterine tissue in small amounts at the end of the oestrous cycle. Guinea-pig uteri taken on selected days throughout the cycle were found capable of biosynthesising prostaglandins F₂ α and E₂ from endogenous precursors during, incubation in vitro. On any one day, 4 to 5 times more prostaglandin F₂α than E₂ was produced, with greater amounts of each being formed nearer to the end of the oestrous cycle. Indomethacin inhibited this synthesis of prostaglandins.The results obtained in this work support the hypothesis that the uterine luteolytic hormone (luteolysin) is prostaglandin F₂α. This view is discussed in relation to connected findings and observations reported by other workers

Neural architecture search: A contemporary literature review for computer vision applications

Deep Neural Networks have received considerable attention in recent years. As the complexity of network architecture increases in relation to the task complexity, it becomes harder to manually craft an optimal neural network architecture and train it to convergence. As such, Neural Architecture Search (NAS) is becoming far more prevalent within computer vision research, especially when the construction of efficient, smaller network architectures is becoming an increasingly important area of research, for which NAS is well suited. However, despite their promise, contemporary and end-to-end NAS pipeline require vast computational training resources. In this paper, we present a comprehensive overview of contemporary NAS approaches with respect to image classification, object detection, and image segmentation. We adopt consistent terminology to overcome contradictions common within existing NAS literature. Furthermore, we identify and compare current performance limitations in addition to highlighting directions for future NAS research