Spatio-Temporal Multimedia Big Data Analytics Using Deep Neural Networks

With the proliferation of online services and mobile technologies, the world has stepped into a multimedia big data era, where new opportunities and challenges appear with the high diversity multimedia data together with the huge amount of social data. Nowadays, multimedia data consisting of audio, text, image, and video has grown tremendously. With such an increase in the amount of multimedia data, the main question raised is how one can analyze this high volume and variety of data in an efficient and effective way. A vast amount of research work has been done in the multimedia area, targeting different aspects of big data analytics, such as the capture, storage, indexing, mining, and retrieval of multimedia big data. However, there is insufficient research that provides a comprehensive framework for multimedia big data analytics and management. To address the major challenges in this area, a new framework is proposed based on deep neural networks for multimedia semantic concept detection with a focus on spatio-temporal information analysis and rare event detection. The proposed framework is able to discover the pattern and knowledge of multimedia data using both static deep data representation and temporal semantics. Specifically, it is designed to handle data with skewed distributions. The proposed framework includes the following components: (1) a synthetic data generation component based on simulation and adversarial networks for data augmentation and deep learning training, (2) an automatic sampling model to overcome the imbalanced data issue in multimedia data, (3) a deep representation learning model leveraging novel deep learning techniques to generate the most discriminative static features from multimedia data, (4) an automatic hyper-parameter learning component for faster training and convergence of the learning models, (5) a spatio-temporal deep learning model to analyze dynamic features from multimedia data, and finally (6) a multimodal deep learning fusion model to integrate different data modalities. The whole framework has been evaluated using various large-scale multimedia datasets that include the newly collected disaster-events video dataset and other public datasets

Evolution and Move toward Fifth-Generation Antenna

With the introduction of various antennas in the field of antenna technology, most of the constraints related to the transmission and receiving of the signals at different intervals have been resolved. By the rapid growth in industry and consequently high demands in the communication arena, the conventional antennas are unable to respond to these extended requirements. However, those initial antennas were suitably used in the field of technology. In the recent decades, by introducing new antenna technologies such as metamaterial structures, substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) structures and microstrip antennas with various feeding networks could meet the demands of the current systems. As stated before, in the frequency ranges of below 30 GHz, antenna size and bandwidth are of the important issues, so that novel antennas can be created in low frequencies, which are able to achieve reliable radiation properties when combined with new multiband antennas. Generally, transmission lines are practical in low frequencies and short distances, while higher frequencies are mainly used due to bandwidth goals. This chapter is organized into three subsections related to the 5G wireless communication systems: antennas below 15 GHz or accordingly antennas with wavelength less than 1/20; antennas operating between 15 and 30 GHz; higher frequency antennas or millimeter-wave antennas, which are desired for above 40 GHz

Preparation and Evaluation of Nicotine Slow Release Mucoadhesive Film for NRT**

Abstract Introduction: Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) with gradual decreasing the amount of nicotine is one of the smoking cessation methods. Nicotine dosage forms on the market are including gum and skin patches. Mucoadhesive formulations are the novel drug delivery systems that can be used for NRT. Mucoadhesive nicotine film (MNF) when placed in the upper gum, will adhere to mucosa and release the nicotine in a controlled manner. MNF will meet the immediate and long-term need of the individual to the nicotine, and could decrease his/her dependency on smoking. Methods and Results: The mucoadhesive films were prepared using different conventional bioadhesive polymers such as HPMC, PVP, Na Alginate, Ethyl cellulose and Eudragit RL100; and Glycerin as the plasticizer for formulations of nicotine hydrogen tartrate, which is more stable form of nicotine. The pharmaceutics characteristics of film include rate of drug release and in vitro adhesion, disintegration time and swallow amount were evaluated. The formulations make with PVP have improved adhesion properties and formulation with HPMC (6 cP) or Na.Alginate released nicotine in the average less than an hour. Drug release from formulations contains HPMC (15000cP) took long about 120 minutes, but in formulations contains Eudragit was within 4.5 to over 6 hours. Conclusions: The best formulation with suitable adhesion and rate of release contains Eudragit RL100 and Glycerin that release nicotine for 5 hour. NRT: Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) gives you nicotine – in the form of gum, patches, sprays, inhalers, or lozenges – but not the other harmful chemicals in tobacco. NRT can help relieve some of the physical withdrawal symptoms so that you can focus on the psychological (emotional) aspects of quittin

The Micro-Shear Bond Strength of Various Resinous Restorative Materials to Aged Biodentine

Introduction: The type of materials and application time of veneering restorations on calcium silicate cements are important factors which influence the interfacial properties. The aim of this study was to measure the micro-shear bond strength of a resin composite (RC) using several adhesive systems and a resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RM-GIC) to different aged Biodentine specimens. Methods and Materials: A total of 15 Biodentine blocks were prepared and assigned to three aging periods: 12 min, one week and one month. Then they were subdivided into five sub-groups to receive cylinders of resinous materials. RC was applied using different adhesive systems: A) no adhesive B) etch and rinse C) two-step self-etch and D) universal adhesive in self-etch mode and E) RM-GIC applied directly over Biodentine. Micro-shear bond strength was measured and the data were analyzed using one-way and two-way ANOVA. The level of significance was set at 0.05. Result: There was significant interaction between Biodentine aging periods and resinous materials (P<0.05). The highest value was obtained in group D bonded to the recently set Biodentine. Increasing the aging period to one week resulted in increased micro-shear bond strength in all groups expect for group D. One-month incubation time led to reduced shear bond strength in group A, C and D. Micro-shear bond strength values of group E increased to the longer aged Biodentine. Conclusion: Group D showed the highest bond strength to freshly mixed Biodentine.Keywords: Bond Strength; Composite Resin; Dental Adhesive; Glass Ionomer Cement; Tricalcium Silicat

Comparison of Post Intubation Complications of Endotracheal Tube and Laryngeal Mask Airway in Pediatrics

Background: Postoperative sore throat, cough, nausea, apnea, and laryngospasm are common complications of intubation byendotracheal tube (ETT) in pediatrics. The laryngeal mask airway (LMA) is a supraglottic device used as an alternative equipmentfor ETT in order to decrease the complications.Objectives: To compare the incidence of postoperative sore throat after LMA with ETT in pediatrics.Methods: Seventy-six patients between the ages of 2 - 12 with ASA class I-II who underwent cochlear implant surgery were enrolledand randomly divided into 2 groups including ETT or LMA for airway management. The incidence of complications including sorethroat, apnea, vomiting, laryngospasm, post operative cough, intra, and post operative arrhythmia and the influence of these equipment’son O2 saturation, end tidal CO2, airway pressure, and hemodynamic changes during operation were compared. Wong-Bakerfacial grimace scale was used to evaluate the severity of pain.Results: The rate of postoperative sore throat and laryngospasm in the ETT group was significantly higher than the LMA group (P =0.002, 0.011; respectively). Apnea and vomiting were not significantly different. Rate of postoperative cough, incidence of intra, andpostoperative arrhythmia were not significantly different between the two groups. Mean arterial pressure, peak airway pressure,end tidal CO2, and oxygen saturation during operation, which was measured continuously, had no significant differences betweenthe two groups.Conclusions: LMA significantly decreases the rate of postoperative sore throat and laryngospasm in pediatrics. However, the ratesof apnea, oxygen saturation, and nausea were similar in both groups. Application of LMA as an alternative to ETT is appropriate inpediatric patients

Microtensile Bond Strength of Composite to Enamel Using Universal Adhesive with/without Acid Etching Compared To Etch and Rinse and Self-Etch Bonding Agents

AIM: Considering the recent introduction of universal adhesives and the controversy regarding the use/no use of etchant prior to their application, this study sought to assess the microtensile bond strength of composite to enamel using universal adhesive with/without acid etching compared to three-step etch and rinse, two-step etch and rinse and two-step self-etch bonding agents. METHODS: This in vitro, an experimental study was conducted on 80 extracted sound human molars in five groups (16 each): Scotchbond Universal adhesive (3M) with/without prior etching, Adper Scthe otchbond Multi-Purpose, Single Bond and Clearfil SE Bond. Etching was performed with 37% phosphoric acid for 20 seconds followed by rinsing and drying. The bonding agent was then applied and light-cured. The e-lite composite was bonded to surfaces and light-cured. The teeth were then mounted, sectioned and subjected to microtensile bond strength test in a universal testing machine. The mode of failure was, determined under a stereomicroscope. Data were analysed using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s test. RESULTS: Universal adhesive with prior etching yielded the highest bond strength (P = 0.03). Pairwise comparisons showed that the bond strength of this group was significantly higher than that of universal adhesive without prior etching (P = 0.04). No other significant differences were noted (P > 0.05). The modes of failure were significantly different among the groups (P = 0.003). CONCLUSION: Enamel etching with phosphoric acid can significantly increase the bond strength to universal adhesive. Universal adhesive without prior etching provided the bond strength as high as that provided by etching and rinse and self-etch bonding agents

Low-Loss and Dual-Band Filter Inspired by Glide Symmetry Principle Over Millimeter-Wave Spectrum for 5G Cellular Networks

This paper focuses on designing a dual-band, bandpass filter configuration inspired by glide-symmetric structures in a single plane. Geometry configuration of elliptical slots on both sides of single substrate generally affects electromagnetic fields as well as rejection bands. Easy fabrication with misalignment avoidance during assembly procedure unlike conventional structures based on gap waveguide technology, make them appropriate to use in electromagnetic devices. Parametric study on dispersion characteristics is carried out in this article to find out how rejection-bands are offered through breaking the symmetry. A method for producing symmetry is also suggested, which may be helpful for reconfigurable devices. Moreover, equivalent circuit model is demonstrated to get insight of the mechanism of the presented glide symmetry scheme. The transmission frequency ranges of two passbands with center frequencies of 19.74 GHz and 28.233 GHz are shown by the measured and calculated S- parameters of five unit-cell structures