Mixing instabilities during shearing of metals

Severe plastic deformation of solids is relevant to many materials processing techniques as well as tribological events such as wear. It results in microstructural refinement, redistribution of phases, and ultimately even mixing. However, mostly due to inability to experimentally capture the dynamics of deformation, the underlying physical mechanisms remain elusive. Here, we introduce a strategy that reveals details of morphological evolution upon shearing up to ultrahigh strains. Our experiments on metallic multilayers find that mechanically stronger layers either fold in a quasi-regular manner and subsequently evolve into periodic vortices, or delaminate into finer layers before mixing takes place. Numerical simulations performed by treating the phases as nonlinear viscous fluids reproduce the experimental findings and reveal the origin for emergence of a wealth of morphologies in deforming solids. They show that the same instability that causes kilometer-thick rock layers to fold on geological timescales is acting here at micrometer level

Mixing instabilities during shearing of metals

Severe plastic deformation of solids is relevant to many materials processing techniques as well as tribological events such as wear. It results in microstructural refinement, redistribution of phases, and ultimately even mixing. However, mostly due to inability to experimentally capture the dynamics of deformation, the underlying physical mechanisms remain elusive. Here, we introduce a strategy that reveals details of morphological evolution upon shearing up to ultrahigh strains. Our experiments on metallic multilayers find that mechanically stronger layers either fold in a quasi-regular manner and subsequently evolve into periodic vortices, or delaminate into finer layers before mixing takes place. Numerical simulations performed by treating the phases as nonlinear viscous fluids reproduce the experimental findings and reveal the origin for emergence of a wealth of morphologies in deforming solids. They show that the same instability that causes kilometer-thick rock layers to fold on geological timescales is acting here at micrometer level

Mixing instabilities during shearing of metals

Severe plastic deformation of solids is relevant to many materials processing techniques as well as tribological events such as wear. It results in microstructural refinement, redistribution of phases, and ultimately even mixing. However, mostly due to inability to experimentally capture the dynamics of deformation, the underlying physical mechanisms remain elusive. Here, we introduce a strategy that reveals details of morphological evolution upon shearing up to ultrahigh strains. Our experiments on metallic multilayers find that mechanically stronger layers either fold in a quasi-regular manner and subsequently evolve into periodic vortices, or delaminate into finer layers before mixing takes place. Numerical simulations performed by treating the phases as nonlinear viscous fluids reproduce the experimental findings and reveal the origin for emergence of a wealth of morphologies in deforming solids. They show that the same instability that causes kilometer-thick rock layers to fold on geological timescales is acting here at micrometer level

Magnetization and stability study of a cobalt-ferrite-based ferrofluid

In this study the structural and magnetization properties of a CoFe2O4-based ferrofluid was investigated using x-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS), Mossbauer spectroscopy, and magnetic Compton scattering (MCS) measurements. The XRD diagram indicates that the nanoparticles in the ferrofluid are inverse spinel and TEM graph shows that the ferrofluid consists of spherical nanoparticles with an average diameter of 18 +/- 1 nm, in good agreement with the size, 19.4 nm, extracted from line broadening of the XRD peaks. According to EDS measurements the composition of the nanoparticles is CoFe2O4. Mossbauer spectroscopy shows that the cation distributions are (Co0.38Fe0.62)[Co0.62Fe1.38]O-4. The MCS measurement, performed at 10 K, indicates that the magnetization of the nanoparticles is similar to magnetization of maghemite and magnetite. While the magnetization of the inverse spinels are in [111] direction, interestingly, the magnetization deduced from MCS is in [100] direction. The CoFe2O4-based ferrofluid is found to be stable at ambient conditions, which is important for applications. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

Dependence of shear-induced mixing on length scale

The critical strain for mixing was determined as a function of precipitate size in two-phase Cu90Ag10 alloys using high-pressure torsion experiments. X-ray diffraction, Z-contrast transmission electron microscopy and atom probe tomography were employed to characterize the mixing behavior. For precipitates ranging from 16 to 131 nm in radius, the critical strain increased linearly with the initial precipitate size, with the proportionality constant at ≈5.2 nm−1. These results are in agreement with model predictions based on random dislocation glide