422 research outputs found
Transverse Instability of Avalanches in Granular Flows down Incline
Avalanche experiments on an erodible substrate are treated in the framework
of ``partial fluidization'' model of dense granular flows. The model identifies
a family of propagating soliton-like avalanches with shape and velocity
controlled by the inclination angle and the depth of substrate. At high
inclination angles the solitons display a transverse instability, followed by
coarsening and fingering similar to recent experimental observation. A primary
cause for the transverse instability is directly related to the dependence of
soliton velocity on the granular mass trapped in the avalanche.Comment: 3 figures, 4 pages, submitted to Phys Rev Let
Aeolian sans ripples: experimental study of saturated states
We report an experimental investigation of aeolian sand ripples, performed
both in a wind tunnel and on stoss slopes of dunes. Starting from a flat bed,
we can identify three regimes: appearance of an initial wavelength, coarsening
of the pattern and finally saturation of the ripples. We show that both initial
and final wavelengths, as well as the propagative speed of the ripples, are
linear functions of the wind velocity. Investigating the evolution of an
initially corrugated bed, we exhibit non-linear stable solutions for a finite
range of wavelengths, which demonstrates the existence of a saturation in
amplitude. These results contradict most of the models.Comment: 4 pages, 5 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev. Lett. Title changed,
figures corrected and simplified, more field data included, text clarifie
Block to granular-like transition in dense bubble flows
We have experimentally investigated 2-dimensional dense bubble flows
underneath inclined planes. Velocity profiles and velocity fluctuations have
been measured. A broad second-order phase transition between two dynamical
regimes is observed as a function of the tilt angle . For low
values, a block motion is observed. For high values, the velocity
profile becomes curved and a shear velocity gradient appears in the flow.Comment: Europhys. Lett. (2003) in pres
Is Random Close Packing of Spheres Well Defined?
Despite its long history, there are many fundamental issues concerning random
packings of spheres that remain elusive, including a precise definition of
random close packing (RCP). We argue that the current picture of RCP cannot be
made mathematically precise and support this conclusion via a molecular
dynamics study of hard spheres using the Lubachevsky-Stillinger compression
algorithm. We suggest that this impasse can be broken by introducing the new
concept of a maximally random jammed state, which can be made precise.Comment: 6 pages total, 2 figure
Dynamics of granular avalanches caused by local perturbations
Surface flow of granular material is investigated within a continuum approach
in two dimensions. The dynamics is described by a non-linear coupling between
the two `states' of the granular material: a mobile layer and a static bed.
Following previous studies, we use mass and momentum conservation to derive
St-Venant like equations for the evolution of the thickness R of the mobile
layer and the profile Z of the static bed. This approach allows the rheology in
the flowing layer to be specified independently, and we consider in details the
two following models: a constant plug flow and a linear velocity profile. We
study and compare these models for non-stationary avalanches triggered by a
localized amount of mobile grains on a static bed of constant slope. We solve
analytically the non-linear dynamical equations by the method of
characteristics. This enables us to investigate the temporal evolution of the
avalanche size, amplitude and shape as a function of model parameters and
initial conditions. In particular, we can compute their large time behavior as
well as the condition for the formation of shocks.Comment: 25 pages, 12 figure
Recommended from our members
Serving GODAE Data and Products to the Ocean Community
The Global Ocean Data Assimilation Experiment (GODAE [http://
www.godae.org]) has spanned a decade of rapid technological development. The ever-increasing volume and diversity of oceanographic data produced by in situ instruments, remote-sensing platforms, and computer simulations have driven
the development of a number of innovative technologies that are essential for connecting scientists with the data that they need. This paper gives an overview of the technologies that have been developed and applied in the course of GODAE, which now provide users of oceanographic data with the capability to discover, evaluate, visualize, download, and analyze data from all over the world. The key to this
capability is the ability to reduce the inherent complexity of oceanographic data by providing a consistent, harmonized view of the various data products. The challenges of data serving have been addressed over the last 10 years through the cooperative skills and energies of many individuals
Pre-avalanche instabilities in a granular pile
We investigate numerically the transition between static equilibrium and
dynamic surface flow of a 2D cohesionless granular system driven by a
continuous gravity loading. This transition is characterized by intermittent
local dynamic rearrangements and can be described by an order parameter defined
as the density of critical contacts, e.g. contacts where the friction is fully
mobilized. Analysis of the spatial correlations of critical contacts shows the
occurence of ``fluidized'' clusters which exhibit a power-law divergence in
size at the approach of the stability limit. The results are compatible with
recent models that describe the granular system during the static/dynamic
transition as a multi-phase system.Comment: 9 pages, 6 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev. Let
Sustainability of the new Argo mission
Report on the progress made on the sustainability of the new Argo missio
Dynamics and stress in gravity driven granular flow
We study, using simulations, the steady-state flow of dry sand driven by
gravity in two-dimensions. An investigation of the microscopic grain dynamics
reveals that grains remain separated but with a power-law distribution of
distances and times between collisions.
While there are large random grain velocities, many of these fluctuations are
correlated across the system and local rearrangements are very slow. Stresses
in the system are almost entirely transfered by collisions and the structure of
the stress tensor comes almost entirely from a bias in the directions in which
collisions occur.Comment: 4 pages, 3 eps figures, RevTe
- …