[Review of] Henry Lewis Suggs , ed. The Black Press in the South, 1865-1979

This volume consists of twelve essays that address the history of black newspapers in the states that constituted the Confederacy. The intent of this collection, explains its editor, is to examine the southern black press not only as an instrument of social change but as black enterprise, black crusade, and black artistic expression (vii)

Evolution of budgetary accounting theory and practice in municipal accounting from 1870

This paper briefly discusses the highlights of the evolution of budgetary accounting from approximately 1870. No attempt was made to deal with the evolution of budgetary accounting prior to this period

The Nebraska Capital Controversy, 1854-59

Early in 1857 Mark W. Izard, in a letter to Senator Stephen A. Douglas, summed up the frustrations that marked his tenure as governor of Nebraska Territory. If there is anything on earth I desire more than all others, he told the Illinois senator, it is to make this the model territory, and my faith is that if Congress will extend her a moderate share of liberality, the sacred doctrine of popular rights will fully be vindicated in her example. But, he continued, the path of your humble servant is extremely narrow and thickly set with snares on every side. l Chief among the snares that Izard spoke of was a bitter controversy over location of the capital, an issue that disrupted territorial politics and was much prolonged by personal disputes, townsite rivalries, and sectional divisions within the territory

Description, Classification, and Prediction of Dengue Illnesses in a Thai Pediatric Cohort: A Dissertation

Dengue fever (DF) and dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) are emerging infectious diseases which are endemic in many regions of the globe, many of which are resource-poor areas. DHF and DF impose a severe economic health burden in tropical and subtropical areas. Dengue virus causes an acute febrile illness that can be a self-limited febrile illness, as seen in most cases of DF, or a life-threatening illness with plasma leakage and shock, as seen in cases of DHF. A systematic review of the literature revealed gaps in the knowledge base of clinical laboratory findings of dengue illness with regards to longitudinal dynamics and classification and predictive modeling of disease severity. The objective of this thesis was to investigate the utility of clinical laboratory variables for classification and prediction of disease outcomes. The data used in this investigation was derived from a prospective study of Thai children presenting to either of two study hospitals within 72 hours of onset of an acute febrile illness. Systematic data collection, including clinical laboratory parameters, and routine clinical management continued each day until 24 hours after the fever had subsided. A final diagnosis of DHF, DF, or other febrile illness (OFI) was assigned by an expert physician after chart review. The first research objective of this study was to describe the temporal dynamics of clinical laboratory parameters among subjects with DHF, DF, or OFI. Data were analyzed using lowess curves and population-average models. Quadratic functions of clinical variables over time were established and demonstrated significantly divergent patterns between the various diagnostic groups. The second research objective was to establish and validate tools for classification of illness severity using easily obtained clinical laboratory measures. Bivariate logistic regression models were established using data from one hospital in an urban area of Thailand as a training data set and validated with a second data set from a hospital in a rural area of Thailand. The validated models maintained a high sensitivity and specificity in distinguishing severe dengue illnesses without using the hallmark indicators of plasma leakage. The third research objective used classification and regression tree (CART) analysis to established diagnostic decisions trees using data obtained on the day of study enrollment, within the first 3 days of acute illness. Decision trees with high sensitivity were established for severe dengue defined either as: 1) DHF with evidence of shock (dengue shock syndrome, DSS); or 2) DSS or dengue with significant pleural effusion. This study expands existing knowledge of the potential utility of clinical laboratory variables during different phases of dengue illness. The application of the results of these studies should lead to promising opportunities in the fields of epidemiological research and disease surveillance to reduce the health burden, and improve the clinical management, of dengue illness. Future directions involve application of these algorithms to different study populations and age groups. Additionally, other analytical techniques, such as those involving CART analysis, can be explored with these data

Brief history of property and depreciation accounting in municipal accounting

Generally accepted accounting principles require the exclusion of permanent property and the non-recognition of depreciation in most governmental funds. Although this issue was settled in the early 1930s fervent debate continued as to the merits of this practice from 1895 to around 1925. Several prominent accountants argued for the inclusion of permanent property and the recognition of depreciation in governmental funds during this earlier period

Experimental validation of dynamic stability analysis applied to dart flight

The game of darts attracts a large international following and can be fiercely competitive. Despite its popularity, and the large equipment market, no previous peer-reviewed studies have examined the trajectory of a dart in flight. This study used high-speed video techniques to measure the trajectories of 225 dart throws from 19 amateur players. The dart’s pitch and angle of attack were found to oscillate during flight in a manner that is analogous to damped harmonic motion. It was also found that the dart’s oscillation frequency was strongly correlated to launch speed, whilst its characteristic wavelength and damping ratio were independent of launch speed. The measured wavelength of oscillation (2.16 m) was found to be similar to the regulation throwing distance (2.37 m). It is proposed that the dart is ‘tuned’ to the throwing distance such that it undergoes one full oscillation before striking the board. The dart flight was modelled using a classical dynamic stability analysis and good agreement was found between the experimental observations and the theoretical predictions. The success of the model confirms that the approach can be used to explore the dynamics of different dart designs through parametric sensitivity analyses

Atrial flutter ablation through the azygous continuation in a patient with mirror image dextrocardia and interrupted inferior vena cava

Arrhythmias are frequent in adult congenital heart disease (ACHD). Most common is cavotricuspid isthmus (CTI)-dependent atrial flutter (AFL), followed by scar (incisions / patches)-related circuits. Radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA) is the treatment of choice. Linear radiofrequency (RF) applications are required, usually via a femoral approach. We describe a case of CTI-dependent AFL ablation by the femoral approach in a patient with dextrocardia and interrupted inferior vena cava (IVC)

Comparison of turbulence modelling approaches in simulation of a feather shuttle; a porous conical bluff body

The aerodynamics of a feather shuttlecock, a porous conical bluff body, are unique in comparison to other sports projectiles. Experimental wind tunnel studies have been published that present values of drag coefficient (Cd) for traditional feather shuttles that vary widely (0.48 < Cd < 0.74). It is difficult to compare published experimental data, due to a lack of clarity concerning experimental apparatus. All studies have used traditional sting mounts inserted aft of the shuttle base, and it is believed this has a strong influence on Cd, as significant air movement is known to occur in this region. Flow passes through gaps formed by individual feather shafts, or rachis, inserted into the shuttle base. The use of computational fluid dynamic (CFD) simulation in the analysis of shuttles has great potential as analysis can be performed without the need of an experimental sting. This study presents the first CFD simulations of a geometrically realistic feather shuttle. Careful consideration must be given to applied grids, numeric, and turbulence models (unsteady RANS vs scale resolving) if results obtained are to be reliable. CFD results present detailed insights of shuttle aerodynamics, and the significance of flow passage between the feather rachis and internal to the shuttle. The study raises significant concerns regarding the appropriateness of rear sting mounts in shuttle wind tunnel experiments

MHC signaling during social communication

Journal ArticleThe major histocompatibility complex (MHC) has been known to play a critical role in immune recognition since the 1950s. It was a surprise, then, in the 1970s when the first report appeared indicating MHC might also function in social signaling. Since this seminal discovery, MHC signaling has been found throughout vertebrates and its known functions have expanded beyond mate choice to include a suite of behaviors from kin‑biased cooperation, parent‑progeny recognition to pregnancy block. The widespread occurrence of MHC in social signaling has revealed conserved behavioral‑genetic mechanisms that span vertebrates and includes humans. The identity of the signal's chemical constituents and the receptors responsible for the perception of the signal have remained elusive, but recent advances have enabled the identification of the key components of the behavioral circuit. In this chapter we organize recent findings from the literature and discuss them in relation to four nonmutually exclusive models wherein MHC functions as a signal of (i) individuality, (ii) relatedness, (iii) genetic compatibility and (iv) quality. We also synthesize current mechanistic studies, showing how knowledge about the molecular basis of MHC signaling can lead to elegant and informative experimental manipulations. Finally, we discuss current evidence relating to the primordial functions of the MHC, including the possibility that its role in social signaling may be ancestral to its central role in adaptive immunity