Die andalusische Übersetzung des Römerbriefs

The analysis of the translation of Paul’s Epistle to the Romans in the manuscript MS. 4971 shows us, that the Andalusian Christians used for their translation of the Pauline Epistles a Hispanic Vulgate as model. The ideal language of this translation is the Classical Arabic, but unlike other Andalusi Christian translations there is no influence of Islamic conceptions.Del análisis de la traducción de la ‘Epístola a los Romanos’ (ms. 4971 de la Biblioteca Nacional, Madrid), se desprende que los cristianos andalusíes aprovecharon como patrón para sus traducción de las epístolas paulinas el texto de la Vulgata hispana. El registro lingüístico utilziado por el traductor es el árabe clásico, pero al contrario de lo que acontece con otras traducciones cristianas andalusíes, en ésta en cambio no se advierten influencias islámicas

Effect of jaw clenching on balance recovery: Dynamic stability and lower extremity joint kinematics after forward loss of balance

Postural control is crucial for most tasks of daily living, delineating postural orientation and balance, with its main goal of fall prevention. Nevertheless, falls are common events, and have been associated with deficits in muscle strength and dynamic postural stability. Recent studies reported on improvements in rate of force development and static postural control evoked by jaw clenching activities, potentially induced by facilitation of human motor system excitability. However, there are no studies describing the effects on dynamic stability. The present study, therefore, aimed to investigate the effects of submaximum jaw clenching on recovery behavior from forward loss of balance. Participants were 12 healthy young adults, who were instructed to recover balance from a simulated forward fall by taking a single step while either biting at a submaximum force or keeping the mandible at rest. Bite forces were measured by means of hydrostatic splints, whereas a 3D motion capture system was used to analyze spatiotemporal parameters and joint angles, respectively. Additionally, dynamic stability was quantified by the extrapolated CoM concept, designed to determine postural stability in dynamic situations. Paired t-tests revealed that submaximum biting did not significantly influence recovery behavior with respect to any variable under investigation. Therefore, reductions in postural sway evoked by submaximum biting are obviously not transferable to balance recovery as it was assessed in the present study. It is suggested that these contradictions are the result of different motor demands associated with the abovementioned tasks. Furthermore, floor effects and the sample size might be discussed as potential reasons for the absence of significances. Notwithstanding this, the present study also revealed that bite forces under both conditions significantly increased from subjects’ release to touchdown of the recovery limb. Clenching the jaw, hence, seems to be part of a common physiological repertoire used to improve motor performance

Assessment of Intraoperative Liver Deformation During Hepatic Resection: Prospective Clinical Study

Background: The implementation of intraoperative navigation in liver surgery is handicapped by intraoperative organ shift, tissue deformation, the absence of external landmarks, and anatomical differences in the vascular tree. To investigate the impact of surgical manipulation on the liver surface and intrahepatic structures, we conducted a prospective clinical trial. Methods: Eleven consecutive patients [4 female and 7 male, median age=67years (range=54-80)] with malignant liver disease [colorectal metastasis (n=9) and hepatocellular cancer (n=2)] underwent hepatic resection. Pre- and intraoperatively, all patients were studied by CT-based 3D imaging and assessed for the potential value of computer-assisted planning. The degree of liver deformation was demonstrated by comparing pre- and intraoperative imaging. Results: Intraoperative CT imaging was successful in all patients. We found significant deformation of the liver. The deformation of the segmental structures is reflected by the observed variation of the displacements. There is no rigid alignment of the pre- and intraoperative organ positions due to overall deflection of the liver. Locally, a rigid alignment of the anatomical structure can be achieved with less than 0.5cm discrepancy relative to a segmental unit of the liver. Changes in total liver volume range from −13 to +24%, with an average absolute difference of 7%. Conclusions: These findings are fundamental for further development and optimization of intraoperative navigation in liver surgery. In particular, these data will play an important role in developing automation of intraoperative continuous registration. This automation compensates for liver shift during surgery and permits real-time 3D visualization of navigation imagin

Reliability of Running Stability during Treadmill and Overground Running

Running stability is the ability to withstand naturally occurring minor perturbations during running. It is susceptible to external and internal running conditions such as footwear or fatigue. However, both its reliable measurability and the extent to which laboratory measurements reflect outdoor running remain unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the intra- and inter-day reliability of the running stability as well as the comparability of different laboratory and outdoor conditions. Competitive runners completed runs on a motorized treadmill in a research laboratory and overground both indoors and outdoors. Running stability was determined as the maximum short-term divergence exponent from the raw gyroscope signals of wearable sensors mounted to four different body locations (sternum, sacrum, tibia, and foot). Sacrum sensor measurements demonstrated the highest reliabilities (good to excellent; ICC = 0.85 to 0.91), while those of the tibia measurements showed the lowest (moderate to good; ICC = 0.55 to 0.89). Treadmill measurements depicted systematically lower values than both overground conditions for all sensor locations (relative bias = -9.8% to -2.9%). The two overground conditions, however, showed high agreement (relative bias = -0.3% to 0.5%; relative limits of agreement = 9.2% to 15.4%). Our results imply moderate to excellent reliability for both overground and treadmill running, which is the foundation of further research on running stability

1* AND 2nd STEP CHARACTERISTICS PROCEEDING THE SPRINT START IN AMPUTEE SPRINTING

The aim of this study was to investigate I* and 2"d stance phase spatio-temporal and ground reaction force (GRF) parameters of four unilateral transtibial amputee (AMP) and nine able-bodied (AB) sprinters. Data were collected using a 3D motion capture system (Vicon, 250 Hz) and two force plates (Kistler 1000 Hz). Aside from flight time (d=0.32) and step width (d=0.60), all spatio-temporal parameters were significantly lower for the AMP compared to the AB athletes for both limbs. Peak horizontal GRF and relative impulse were significantly decreased for the AMP group, while the peak vertical GRFs were significantly decreased for the 1' (affected limb) but increased for the 2"6 step (intact limb), with the relative vertical impulse data being similar. Therefore running prostheses appear to limit the performance of AMP compared with AB sprinters

1st and 2nd step characteristics proceeding the sprint start in amputee sprinting

The aim of this study was to investigate I* and 2"d stance phase spatio-temporal and ground reaction force (GRF) parameters of four unilateral transtibial amputee (AMP) and nine able-bodied (AB) sprinters. Data were collected using a 3D motion capture system (Vicon, 250 Hz) and two force plates (Kistler 1000 Hz). Aside from flight time (d=0.32) and step width (d=0.60), all spatio-temporal parameters were significantly lower for the AMP compared to the AB athletes for both limbs. Peak horizontal GRF and relative impulse were significantly decreased for the AMP group, while the peak vertical GRFs were significantly decreased for the 1' (affected limb) but increased for the 2"6 step (intact limb), with the relative vertical impulse data being similar. Therefore running prostheses appear to limit the performance of AMP compared with AB sprinters

Transformationspfade für eine Kultur der Nachhaltigkeit an deutschen Hochschulen [Pathways of transformation towards a culture of sustainability in German higher education institutions]

Die Hochschulrektorenkonferenz hat sich 2018 für eine ,,Kultur der Nachhaltigkeit“ ausgesprochen. Um dieses neue Leitbild für die Hochschulentwicklung auszugestalten, hat sich das Verbundvorhaben Hochschulen in Gesellschaft ‐ Realexperimente transformativer Lern- und Forschungsprozesse für eine Kultur der Nachhaltigkeit an Hochschulen gegründet. Es will alle relevanten Stakeholder von Hochschulen ansprechen und einen wichtigen Impuls für die Nachhaltigkeitstransformation an Hochschulen setzen

Transformationspfade für eine Kultur der Nachhaltigkeit an deutschen Hochschulen

Die Hochschulrektorenkonferenz hat sich 2018 für eine ,,Kultur der Nachhaltigkeit“ ausgesprochen. Um dieses neue Leitbild für die Hochschulentwicklung auszugestalten, hat sich das Verbundvorhaben Hochschulen in Gesellschaft ‐ Realexperimente transformativer Lern- und Forschungsprozesse für eine Kultur der Nachhaltigkeit an Hochschulen gegründet. Es will alle relevanten Stakeholder von Hochschulen ansprechen und einen wichtigen Impuls für die Nachhaltigkeitstransformation an Hochschulen setzen