Physiological responses of batsmen during a simulated One Day International century

Background: There is a limited amount of literature on the physiological cost of batting. Of the studies that have been completed, most have used protocols that are of short duration and high intensity, and it has been questioned whether this represents actual game play. Furthermore, it is difficult to study sports such as cricket due to the intermittent nature of the game.Objective: To determine the physiological responses of batsmen during a simulated One Day International century.Methods: Seventeen male batsmen from the Rhodes University Cricket Club performed a simulated batting work bout known as the BATEX© protocol. The protocol consisted of six, five overs stages, each lasting 21 minutes. Three of the stages (stages one, three and five) were low-intensity stages and the other three (stages two, four and six) were high-intensity stages. During the work bout selected physiological responses were recorded..Results: Heart rate (124±15-159±14 beats.min-1), oxygen uptake (29.3±6.1-43.4±6.3 ml.kg-1.min-1), energy expenditure (48.1±9.2- 109.2±10.5 kJ.min-1) and core temperature (37.7±0.3-38.7±0.4 oC) responses all increased significantly (p<0.05) between stage one and stage six. The respiratory exchange ratio decreased significantly (p<0.05) between stages one and six (0.90±0.19- 0.89±0.37).Conclusions: Batting is more physically demanding than originally thought, and as a result training programmes should concentrate on simulating real match play situations to improve performance and reduce the risk of injury.Keywords: cricket, energy expenditure, hear

Workloads of forward and backline adolescent rugby players: a pilot study

Background: There is minimal research on workloads of adolescent rugby players. Therefore, the main aim of this study was to determine the workloads placed on a cohort of South African adolescent rugby players (n = 17), during an in-season period.Methods: Session RPE ratings were collected daily, 30 minutes after the training session concluded, during an 11-week in-season period. The training load was calculated as the session ratings of perceived exertion multiplied by the session’s duration (min).Results: The main finding of the study was that the adolescents in this investigation had similar workloads to elite players but higher workloads than other studies on adolescent rugby players. The forwards (3311±939 arbitrary units; AU) had a higher workload than backline players (2851±1080 AU). There was no difference between forwards and backline players with regards to the acute:chronic workload ratio.Conclusion: Workloads are high in these adolescent players, particularly in the forwards, and are similar to the workloads of elite level rugby players. Keywords: rugby union, session rating of perceived exertion, workload monitoring, AC ratio, cost effectivenes

Physical profiling of international cricket players: an investigation between bowlers and batters

Objective: This study aims to develop a physical profile of international cricketers, and investigate if positional differences exist between bowlers and batters. Methods: Nineteen, international male cricketers, eleven bowlers (age 24.1 ± 5.2 years; height 179.73 ± 5.27 cm; weight 73.64 ± 6.65 kg), and eight batters (age 22.9 ± 3.8 years; height 180.25 ± 5.57 cm; weight 77.01 ± 8.99 kg) participated in this study. The physical test battery included; power, speed, strength and aerobic fitness tests. Results: Batters demonstrated significantly higher scores for the countermovement jump (p < 0.03; ES = -1.55) and squat jump (p < 0.03; ES = -0.98). Batters showed non-significant but small ES for faster 0-5 m (ES = 0.40) and 0-10 m (ES = 0.35) sprint times, superior hand grip strength (ES = -0.20), and higher Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test scores (ES = -0.46). Bowlers showed non-significant but small ES for faster 5 km time trials (ES = -0.51), lower bodyweight (ES = -0.42) and body fat percentage (ES = -0.30). Intra-positional (i.e., seam and spin bowlers) and individual differences amongst players were observed. Conclusion: This study provides a physical profile of international cricketers. Batters demonstrated superior lower-body power compared to bowlers and other physical test results were similar across positions. However, individual scores for each physical test demonstrated that differences exist amongst players. This should be accounted for by strength and conditioning coaches when using physical profiling data to inform the design and evaluation of their programs

Physiological responses of batsmen during a simulated One Day International century

Background: There is a limited amount of literature on thephysiological cost of batting. Of the studies that have beencompleted, most have used protocols that are of short durationand high intensity, and it has been questioned whether thisrepresents actual game play. Furthermore, it is difficult to studysports such as cricket due to the intermittent nature of the game.Objective: To determine the physiological responses of batsmenduring a simulated One Day International century.Methods: Seventeen male batsmen from the Rhodes UniversityCricket Club performed a simulated batting work bout knownas the BATEX© protocol. The protocol consisted of six, five oversstages, each lasting 21 minutes. Three of the stages (stages one,three and five) were low-intensity stages and the other three(stages two, four and six) were high-intensity stages. During thework bout selected physiological responses were recorded..Results: Heart rate (124±15-159±14 beats.min-1), oxygen uptake(29.3±6.1-43.4±6.3 ml.kg-1.min-1), energy expenditure (48.1±9.2-109.2±10.5 kJ.min-1) and core temperature (37.7±0.3-38.7±0.4 oC)responses all increased significantly (p&lt;0.05) between stageone and stage six. The respiratory exchange ratio decreasedsignificantly (p&lt;0.05) between stages one and six (0.90±0.19-0.89±0.37).Conclusions: Batting is more physically demanding thanoriginally thought, and as a result training programmes shouldconcentrate on simulating real match play situations to improveperformance and reduce the risk of injury

The impact of a fast bowling spell on physiological, perceptual and performance responses in non-elite cricketers

Background: The demands placed on fast bowlers may elicit unique responses that contribute towards increased injury risk and comprised performance capabilities. Despite this, very few investigations have attempted to quantify these demands and their impact on performance in cricketers.Objective: This investigation attempted to quantify the effects of a fast bowling protocol on the musculoskeletal, physiological and perceptual responses of fast bowlers; as well as ball speed and accuracy.Methods: Eight young adult bowlers (20 ± 2 years) participated in a 10-over bowling protocol that had been separated by intermittent fielding drills into three bowling spells respectively (4-, 3- and 3- overs). Selected responses were collected throughout the protocol.Results: Functional strength was measured and showed no change. Heart rate responses increased significantly (p&lt;0.05) at the start of the bowling protocol. Local ratings of perceived exertion increased significantly (p&lt;0.05) as a function of exercise duration, while low to moderate intensities of perceived discomfort were noted in the anterior and posterior shoulder areas, upper portion of the lower limb musculature, as well as in the middle and lower back regions. Performance responses experienced no significant change.Conclusion: There was no significant change in ball release speed and accuracy across the bowling protocol. Lower limb muscle power remained consistent and heart rates reached a steady state after the first over. In comparison, local ratings of perceived effort and body discomfort increased over time, which could mean that those unchanged measures do not accurately reflect fatigue or that perceptions are a more effective indicator of impending fatigue. Keywords: accuracy, speed, heart rate, body discomfort, ratings of perceived exertio

Penghilangan Interferensi Fe dan Mn dengan Ekstraksi Pelarut pada Penentuan Co dan Cu dalam Pirolusit Menggunakan Spektrometri Serapan Atom

Research on the removal of Fe and Mn interference by solvent extraction on the determination of Co and Cu in pyrolusite using atomic absorption spectrometry with an air-acetylene flame have been investigated. Dissolution of pyrolusite sample was done by wet destruction method with solution of aqua regia and HF in the ratio of 3:4 (v/v). Interference studies were carried out for the absorbance of Co and Cu with the addition of iron and manganese in the concentration range 100-1000 ug/mL for iron and 100-5000 ug/mL for manganese measured at the wavelength 240.7 nm and slit width 0.2 nm for Co and wavelength 324.7 nm and slit width 0.7 nm for Cu.The results showed that Fe at concentrations of 100-1000 ug/mL and Mn at the concentrations of 100­5000 ug/mL could interfere the absorbance of Co and Cu, i.e. increase the absorbance of Co and decrease the absorbance of Cu. The interference of Fe can be overcome by solvent extraction with methyl isobutyl ketone in 7 M HCl medium. The interference of Mn can be overcome by masking with 0.10 M EDTA, then Co and Cu were extracted into chloroform by complexing them with sodium diethyldithiocarbamate at pH 2. The content of Fe and Mn in the pyrolusite measured by AAS were 67.35±0.61 mg/g and 545.00±6.25 mg/g, respectively. The content of Co and Cu before extraction were 773.33±25.17 ug/g and 2166.67±101.04 ug/g, respectively and after extraction were 487.18±11.10 ug/g and 2733.33±80.36 ug/g, respectively. These results have high precision with relative standard deviation (RSD) value of each elements less than 5%

Measuring competence in systemic practice: development of the ‘systemic family practice – systemic competency scale’ (SPS)

Ensuring that practitioners are competent in the therapies they deliver is important for training, therapeutic outcomes and ethical practice. The development of the Systemic Practice Scale (SPS) is reported - a measure to assess the competence of novice systemic practitioners trialed by Children and Young Person’s Improving Access to Psychological Therapies (CYP-IAPT) training courses. Initial reliability assessment of the SPS with twenty-eight supervisors of systemic practice evaluating students’ competence using an online recording of a family therapy session is detailed. The SPS was found to be a reliable measure of systemic competence across training settings. Rating variability was noted, with training and benchmarking to improve rating consistency recommended. Further research using the SPS to further establish the reliability and validity of the scale is required

The Ursinus Weekly, October 17, 1932

Fighting bears trounce F. & M. 16-6: McAvoy\u27s grid men make game look easy as they pile up big score • Old timers return for annual fete • Anniversary celebration to be held on Monday • New equipment aids work in biology fields • Dr. Rubin leaves campus to continue study abroad • Cross country men open season with 25-30 victory • Eighteen pre-medics in honorary society • Gay crowd gathers for dance on even of holiday • Cubs fall before fast attack of Villanova frosh • Hockeyists romp over grads in first game, 8-1 • Various committees named • Poverty Day prize winners • Biology Club to organize • Women gather at dinner • Alumni dine after game • Co-eds make known aims • Pajamas and torches feature at pre-game pep parade • Erring freshmen become clowns for student council • Frosh girls breakfast with junior advisors • Foreign problems reviewed • Men\u27s chorus progressing • Curtain Club plans varied play season • Pan-Hellenic ball date announced by councils • F. and M. flasheshttps://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/weekly/2032/thumbnail.jp

Subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation induces impulsive action when patients with Parkinson's disease act under speed pressure

The subthalamic nucleus (STN) is proposed to modulate response thresholds and speed-accuracy trade-offs. In situations of conflict, the STN is considered to raise response thresholds, allowing time for the accumulation of information to occur before a response is selected. Conversely, speed pressure is thought to reduce the activity of the STN and lower response thresholds, resulting in fast, errorful responses. In Parkinson's disease (PD), subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation (STN-DBS) reduces the activity of the nucleus and improves motor symptoms. We predicted that the combined effects of STN stimulation and speed pressure would lower STN activity and lead to fast, errorful responses, hence resulting in impulsive action. We used the motion discrimination 'moving-dots' task to assess speed-accuracy trade-offs, under both speed and accuracy instructions. We assessed 12 patients with PD and bilateral STN-DBS and 12 age-matched healthy controls. Participants completed the task twice, and the patients completed it once with STN-DBS on and once with STN-DBS off, with order counterbalanced. We found that STN stimulation was associated with significantly faster reaction times but more errors under speed instructions. Application of the drift diffusion model showed that stimulation resulted in lower response thresholds when acting under speed pressure. These findings support the involvement of the STN in the modulation of speed-accuracy trade-offs and establish for the first time that speed pressure alone, even in the absence of conflict, can result in STN stimulation inducing impulsive action in PD