Determination of significant prognostic factors in the development of magnesium deficiency in children and adolescents with gastroesophageal reflux disease

The aim of the work is to determine the factors of the course of GERD in children and adolescents which are important for predicting the development of magnesium deficiency.Materials and methods of research. For the study 77 people aged 9 to 14 years, who have gastroesophageal reflux disease with endoscopically positive diagnostic result, were examined. All children who were involved in the study underwent laboratory tests of serum magnesium, intracellular (erythrocyte) magnesium, and calcium levels. The ratio of calcium and intracellular magnesium was also considered as an indicator of latent magnesium deficiency. Magnesium level in patients with GERD were compared with control group, which consisted of 20 children without GERD. The odds ratio and confidence intervals for a large number of anamnestic, clinical and instrumental factors of GERD were calculated to determine significant prognostic factors for the development of magnesium deficiency, after which the indicators of the relative risk and the minimum and maximum predictive coefficients for these factors were determined. Based on the indicators of the minimum and maximum prognostic coefficient, a range of the probability of magnesium deficiency in patients with GERD was formed.Results. Based on the determination of the level of serum, erythrocyte magnesium, and the ratio of Ca/Mgerythrocyte in children of the control group, who were practically healthy, the standard deviation (δ) was calculated, and the corridors of laboratory parameters corresponding to the normal level of magnesium, indicators of latent deficiency (from δ to 2δ) and indicators of deficiency of magnesium (more than 2δ) were determined. In the group with GERD normal magnesium levels were discovered in 41.6% of children. A total of 19.5% of patients had latent magnesium deficiency and 39% of children had magnesium deficiency. For the analysis were selected: hyperacidity (pH 0.86-1.59), which had an odds ratio of 3.47; the reflux esophagitis 2-3 stages with an odds ratio of 68.64; an increase in LF and HF values day and night, an increase in the daytime LF/HF ratio, an increase in the stress index, an increase in PAPR and average circadian index values. Based on the indicators of the minimum and maximum prognostic coefficient, a range of the probability of magnesium deficiency in patients with GERD was formed. With the sum of the predictive coefficients of each significant factor from 13.3 to 31.0, the probability of magnesium deficiency is low; the range from 31.1 to 48.8 corresponds to the average probability, and the range of 48.9 to 66.5 indicates a significant possibility of a magnesium deficiency in a patient with GERD.Conclusion. It was determined that the factors of hyperacidity and the reflux esophagitis, some indicators of heart rate variability (LF and HF day and night, an increase in the daytime LF/HF ratio, an increase in the stress index, an increase in PAPR and average indicators of the circadian index) can be used to predict the development of magnesium deficiency in children with GERD. The practical application of the predictive coefficients of the given factors will make it possible to timely correct magnesium deficiency and will positively affect the quality of GERD treatment in children and adolescents

Implementation of International Standards for Determining an Efficient Civil Law Remedy by a National Court

The article is devoted to studying the effectiveness of protection of violated, unrecognised or disputed rights, freedoms or interests of individuals, rights and interests of legal entities, the interests of the state in civil proceedings. The purpose of the article is to study how to implement international standards for determining an efficient civil law remedy by the court: (based on the case-law of the European Court of Human Rights and national case law). Clarification of the essence of novels of substantive and procedural law in determining the court's effective way to protect private law as the final judicial procedure of the right to judicial protection was by comparative law, methods of analysis, modelling and synthesis with the implementation of related elements of classical methods of protection and reception of the best acquisitions of legal systems of foreign countries, norms of the Convention of the case-law of the European Court of Human Rights (from now on – ECtHR). The dialectical method of cognition and the qualitative empirical method were also the main ones, by means of which the legal nature of the category "efficiency" and "determination by the court of an effective way of protection of private law and interest" were clarified. Keywords: Litigation, the remedy of private law, international standards, ECtHR, ECHR

Influence of subclinical hypothyroidism on indicators of 24-hour arterial blood pressure monitoring in hypertensive patients with high additional risk

Significant prevalence of arterial hypertension (40 % of the adult population) and unsatisfactory level of high blood pressure adequate control (only 14 % of the urban and 8 % of the rural population in Ukraine) underlines the need to study the factors influencing AH course and contributing to a lack of antihypertensive therapy efficacy. One of such factors is subclinical hypothyroidism (SH). Aim. To study Influence of subclinical hypothyroidism on indicators of 24-hour arterial blood pressure monitoring in hypertensive patients with high additional risk. Materials and methods. After signing of written informed consent for the study, 124 patients with arterial hypertension (AH) and 16 practically healthy people (control group) were involved. The main group included 32 AH patients (women 87.5 % (n = 28), men 12.5 % (n = 4)) with moderately elevated thyroid stimulating hormone level (TSH) (4.0–15.6 μD/ml) and normal levels of thyroid hormones. The comparison group consisted of 92 AH patients (women 81.52 % (n = 75), men 18.48 % (n = 17)) with normal levels of TSH (0.4–4.0 μD/ml). The groups of patients were matched for age (54.16 ± 10.16) years versus (57.69 ± 9.76) years, (P = 0.093), sex (P = 0.4319), height (P = 0.993), weight (P = 0.719), body surface area (P = 0.901), body mass index (P = 0.669). All patients underwent a combined 24-hour blood pressure monitoring and ECG using a “Cardiology-04-AD-3” device (St. Petersburg, RF). Results. AH patients with or without concomitant SH were of comparable mean daytime and nighttime indices of SBP and DPB, indicators of SBP and DBP variability, PBP, indices for hypertension and hypotension, circadian indices, indices of percentage SBP and DBP increases, SBP and DBP load (with the exception of daytime SBP load). Patients with AH and SH, in contrast to AH patients without SH, tended to have 8.5 % (P < 0.05) higher indices of daytime SBP load, and 19.3 % (P < 0.05) lower daytime DBP hypotension index. Conclusions. AH patients with or without concomitant SH are comparable by the vast majority of ABPM indicators. However, in AH patients with concomitant SH, unlike those without SH, a larger daytime SBP load and a lower daytime DBP hypotension index were detected

Bulk-boundary correspondence in three dimensional topological insulators

We discuss the relation between bulk topological invariants and the spectrum of surface states in three dimensional non-interacting topological insulators. By studying particular models, and considering general boundary conditions for the electron wavefunction on the crystal surface, we demonstrate that using experimental techniques that probe surface states, only strong topological and trivial insulating phases can be distinguished; the latter state being equivalent to a weak topological insulator. In a strong topological insulator, only the {\it parity} of the number of surface states, but not the number itself, is robust against time-reversal invariant boundary perturbations. Our results suggest a \z definition of the bulk-boundary correspondence, compatible with the \z classification of topological insulators.Comment: TeXLive (Unix), revtex4-1, 7 pages, 3 figure

Effect of year-round training on parameters of heart rate variability, central hemodynamics and physical working capacity in short-distance swimmers

Dynamic examination of athletes is of great interest for sports medicine specialists, as it allows measuring changes in athletes’ functional state in parallel with increasing athletic performance in a one-year training cycle. The aim of the work is to assess dynamic changes in parameters of heart rate variability, central hemodynamics and physical performance in short-distance swimmers during preparatory and competitive periods of the training process. Materials and methods. The swimmers (n = 94) qualified from the second-class sport qualification to Master of Sports of International Class were examined during the preparatory and competitive periods of the training process. Short ECG recordings of 5 minutes were used for the heart rate variability (HRV) analysis according to the International Standard. Results. In the preparatory period, the autonomic equilibrium index had a mean value of 3.104 ± 0.494 1/s2, and in the competitive period – 2.459 ± 0.248 1/s2 (P = 0.295). The initial distribution of athletes depending on the value of autonomic tone, according to the classification proposed by R. M. Bayevskiy, had the following ratio in the preparatory period: 75.0 % / 20.0 % / 5.0 %, vagotonic, normotonic and sympathotonic individuals, respectively, statistically significantly indicating the prevalence of athletes with vagotonia over normotonic individuals (P = 0.0005). In the competitive period, this ratio was 60.0 % / 40.0 % / 0 %. The central hemodynamic indices showed a downward trend as evidenced by a decrease in the cardiac index from 2.954 ± 0.126·l·min-1·m-2 to 2.862 ± 0.088 l‧min-1‧m-2 (Р = 0.510), although these values matched to the eukinetic circulatory type (CT) during both training periods. However, the ratio of hypokinetic, eukinetic and hyperkinetic CT in the preparatory period was 45.0 % / 45.0 % / 10 0 %, and in competitive period – 45.0 % / 55.0 % / 0 %, respectively. The mean value of physical working capacity (PWC170/kg) in the preparatory period was 15.54 ± 0.66 kgm·min-1·kg-1, and in the competitive period it was 18.09 ± 0.53 kgm·min-1·kg-1, making an increase of 16.41 % (Р = 0.0001). The functional state index (FSI) increased significantly by 25.08 % from 5.558 ± 0.322 r. u. to 6.952 ± 0.272 r. u. (Р = 0.00001). The correlation analysis during the preparatory period showed a significant positive correlation between Mo and PWC170/kg (r = 0.46, P = 0.040), ARI and CI (r = 0.50, P = 0.026), IARP and CI (r = 0.53, P = 0.017), stress-index and SI (r = 0.52, P = 0.019) and negative – between Mo and CI (r = -0.56, P = 0.009). In the competitive period, the general tendency of correlation interaction was remained, as evidenced by revealed positive relationships between Mo and FSI (r = 0.53, P = 0.017), ARI and SI (r = 0.51, P = 0.020). Conclusions. Short-distance swimmers in the competitive period had significantly higher level of physical working capacity (by 16.4 %), the functional state index (by 25.1 %), as well as parasympathetic tone of ANS in comparison with the preparatory period. The above-mentioned hemodynamic changes and autonomic balance indicators were associated with the increase in athletic performance: 4 (20 %) swimmers qualified for the title of Master of Sports of Ukraine, 2 (10 %) swimmers – for Candidate Master of Sports, and 2 (10 %) swimmers – for first-class sport qualification

Tunable unconventional Kondo effect on topological insulator surfaces

We study Kondo physics of a spin-12 impurity in electronic matter with strong spin-orbit interaction, which can be realized by depositing magnetic adatoms on the surface of a three-dimensional topological insulator. We show that magnetic properties of topological surface states and the very existence of Kondo screening strongly depend on details of the bulk material, and specifics of surface preparation encoded in time-reversal preserving boundary conditions for electronic wavefunctions. When this tunable Kondo effect occurs, the impurity spin is screened by purely orbital motion of surface electrons. This mechanism gives rise to a transverse magnetic response of the surface metal, and to spin textures that can be used to experimentally probe signatures of a Kondo resonance. Our predictions are particularly relevant for STM measurements in PbTe-class crystalline topological insulators, but we also discuss implications for other classes of topological materials

Microstructure and mechanical properties of vanadium alloys after thermomechanical treatments

The results of investigation of dispersion strengthening effect on parameters of structural-phase states and characteristics of short-term strength and ductility of vanadium alloys of V–4Ti–4Cr, V–2.4Zr–0.25C, V–1.2Zr–8.8Cr and V–1.7Zr–4.2Cr–7.6W systems with different concentration of interstitial elements after optimized thermomechanical treatment mode were summarized. It was shown that for effective realization of dispersion strengthening by Orowan-type mechanism at least 25–50% of the initial volume fraction of coarse particles should be transformed into fine-disperse state and redistributed over the volume of material

Current situation of agricultural enterprises financing in Ukraine: economic and legal analysis

Varunts L. Current situation of agricultural enterprises financing in Ukraine: economic and legal analysis. Financіal and credit activity-problems of theory and practice. Т.2. Вип. 29. С.90-100.Сучасне сільське господарство розвивається в першу чергу в напрямку підвищення ефективності виробництва аграрної продукції. Для цього необхідне стійке поєднання фінансово-економічних, правових та організацій¬них чинників з обов’язковим впровадженням ін¬новаційної складової. Наукові дослідження спирається на чинну інформаційну та наукову базу, що містить методику оцінки ефективності залучення коштів, використання якої дозволяє систематизувати ряд явищ у процесі розвитку сільського господарства, уніфікувати процедуру визначення номінальних обсягів та ефективності державної допомоги за прямими методами. В статті досліджуються окремі проблемні правові питання правового регулювання фінансових відносин за участю сільськогосподарських підприємств; визначено й обґрунтовано необхідність виділення коштів фінансової підтримки сільськогосподарських підприємств, забезпечення адміністративного сприяння та контролю за цільовим використанням наданих коштів. Виявлено основні статті підтримки сільськогосподарських підприємств в Україні та визначено головних генераторів фінансування даних підприємств з позиції фінансово-кредитних установ. Проаналізовано концептуальні моделі державної підтримки розвитку сільських територій в Канаді, Австралії, Італії та Сполучених Штатах Америки. Виокремлено основні причини незадовільного стану розвитку сільськогосподарських підприємств, зокрема, економічні, соціальні, інфраструктурні, управлінські, та розкрито проблеми, що стримують розвиток аграрного сектору в цілому. Визначено необхідні умови розвитку сільськогосподарських підприємств в Україні. На основі аналізу світового досвіду політики сільського розвитку сформовано перелік напрямів підтримки підприємств аграрного сектору, необхідних для активізації розвитку сільських територій в Україні. Актуальність і необхідність активізації й гармонізації у якісно нових методологічних вимірах фінансування сільськогосподарських підприємств різних форм власності окреслили мету наукового пошуку, його контур, завдання та архітектоніку. Modern agriculture is developed in the direction of increasing the efficiency of agricultural production. This requires a stable combination of financial and economic, legal and organizational factors with the mandatory introduction of the innovative component. Scientific research is based on the current information and scientific base which contains a methodology for assessing the effectiveness of raising funds, the use of which allows systematizing a number of phenomena in the process of agricultural development, unifying the procedure for determining the nominal volumes and effectiveness of welfare payment using direct methods. The paper deals with some problematic legal issues of legal regulation of financial relations with the participation of agricultural enterprises; it is determined and justified the necessity of allocation of agricultural enterprises financial support, providing the administrative assistance and control over the target use of the given funds. The main articles of agricultural enterprises support in Ukraine were identified and the main generators of these enterprises financing were determined from the position of financial and credit institutions. The conceptual models of state support for the development of rural areas in Canada, Australia, Italy and the United States of America are analyzed. The main reasons for the unsatisfactory state of agricultural enterprises development, in particular, economic, social, infrastructural, administrative, problems that restrain the development of the agrarian sector as a whole are outlined. The necessary conditions for the development of agricultural enterprises in Ukraine are determined. On the basis of the analysis of world experience of rural development policy, a list of directions of agrarian sector enterprises support necessary for activation of rural areas development in Ukraine has been formed. The actuality and necessity of activation and harmonization using qualitatively new methodological dimensions of agricultural enterprises financing of various forms of ownership outlined the purpose of scientific search, its contour, tasks and architectonics

About the first experiment at JINR nuclotron deuteron beam with energy 2.52 gev on investigation of transmutation of I-129, NP-237, PU-238 and PU-239 in the field of neutrons generated in pbtarget with U-blanket

The experiment described in this communication is a part of the scientific program „Investigations of physical aspects of electronuclear method of energy production and transmutation of radioactive waste of atomic energetic using relativistic beams from the JINR Synchrophasotron/Nuclotron“ - the project „Energy plus Transmutation“. The performing of the first experiment at deuteron beam with energy 2.52 GeV at the electronuclear setup which consists of Pb-target with U-blanket (206.4 kg of natural uranium) and transmutation samples and its preliminary results are described. The hermetic samples of isotopes of I-129, Np-237, Pu-238 and Pu-239 which are produced in atomic reactors and industry setups which use nuclear materials and nuclear technologies were irradiated in the field of electronuclear neutrons produced in the Pbtarget surrounded with the U-blanket setup “Energy plus transmutation”. The estimations of its transmutations (radioecological aspect) were obtained in result of measurements of gamma activities of these samples. The information about space-energy distribution of neutrons in the volume of the Pb-target and the U-blanket was obtained with help of sets of activation threshold detectors (Al, V, Cu, Co, Y, In, I, Ta, Au, W, Bi and other), solid state nuclear track detectors, He-3 neutron detectors and nuclear emulsions

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF HIGH-POROUS TITANIUM ALLOY FOR BONE IMPLANTS

На цилиндрических образцах из сплава Ti–6Al–4V, полученного методом послойного лазерного сплавления из порошка со средней дисперсностью 23,5 мм, определены механические свойства в соответствии с международным стандартом ISO 13314:2011 для пористых металлических материалов. Показано, что модуль Юнга образцов с пористостью 55 % на порядок ниже, чем у сплошного металла.Mechanical properties of cylindrical samples of Ti–6Al–4V, fabricated using selective laser melting of powder with mean value of particle dimensions of 23.5 mm, were determined according to international standard ISO 13314:2011 for porous metals. Strength and elastic characteristics of porous samples (porosity of 55%) were shown to be lower then for bulk metal by an order of magnitude.Работа выполнена при финансовой поддержке гранта Российского научного фонда на выполнение проекта № 16-15-00176 «Установление закономерностей остеоинтеграции медицинских имплантатов на основе аддитивного производства с биоактивным покрытием»