Projektifizierung durch EU-Förderung: Konturen und Tätigkeitsbereiche der EU-Projektwelt

Dieser Beitrag nimmt die Durchsetzung und die Verbreitung der »Projektlogik« in der EU-Förderpolitik in den Blick und skizziert die vielfältigen Arbeits- und Tätigkeitsbereiche, die in den vergangenen Jahren rund um die EU-Förderpolitik entstanden sind. Ausgehend von der Diskussion um einen generellen Trend zur "Projektifizierung" von Arbeit und Leben in der Gegenwartsgesellschaft werden zunächst die grundlegenden Merkmale der Projektorganisation und die Etablierung des Projektmanagements als Managementmodell dargestellt. Daraufhin werden die wichtigsten Prinzipien, Praktiken und Tätigkeitsbereiche der Projektwelt der EU-Förderpolitik sowie einige Merkmale der »Professionalisierung« des EU-Projektmanagements skizziert. Dabei soll deutlich werden, wie stark die Logik des Projektmanagements die Umsetzung der EU-Förderpolitik heute durchdringt und inwiefern davon vor allem solche Akteur/-innen profitieren, die die Spielregeln der Projektwelt der EU-Förderung beherrschen und geschickt anzuwenden wissen.

Effects of Once-Weekly Exenatide on Cardiovascular Outcomes in Type 2 Diabetes.

Abstract BACKGROUND: The cardiovascular effects of adding once-weekly treatment with exenatide to usual care in patients with type 2 diabetes are unknown. METHODS: We randomly assigned patients with type 2 diabetes, with or without previous cardiovascular disease, to receive subcutaneous injections of extended-release exenatide at a dose of 2 mg or matching placebo once weekly. The primary composite outcome was the first occurrence of death from cardiovascular causes, nonfatal myocardial infarction, or nonfatal stroke. The coprimary hypotheses were that exenatide, administered once weekly, would be noninferior to placebo with respect to safety and superior to placebo with respect to efficacy. RESULTS: In all, 14,752 patients (of whom 10,782 [73.1%] had previous cardiovascular disease) were followed for a median of 3.2 years (interquartile range, 2.2 to 4.4). A primary composite outcome event occurred in 839 of 7356 patients (11.4%; 3.7 events per 100 person-years) in the exenatide group and in 905 of 7396 patients (12.2%; 4.0 events per 100 person-years) in the placebo group (hazard ratio, 0.91; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.83 to 1.00), with the intention-to-treat analysis indicating that exenatide, administered once weekly, was noninferior to placebo with respect to safety (P<0.001 for noninferiority) but was not superior to placebo with respect to efficacy (P=0.06 for superiority). The rates of death from cardiovascular causes, fatal or nonfatal myocardial infarction, fatal or nonfatal stroke, hospitalization for heart failure, and hospitalization for acute coronary syndrome, and the incidence of acute pancreatitis, pancreatic cancer, medullary thyroid carcinoma, and serious adverse events did not differ significantly between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: Among patients with type 2 diabetes with or without previous cardiovascular disease, the incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events did not differ significantly between patients who received exenatide and those who received placebo. (Funded by Amylin Pharmaceuticals; EXSCEL ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01144338 .)