Identification of the Isotherm Function in Chromatography Using CMA-ES

This paper deals with the identification of the flux for a system of conservation laws in the specific example of analytic chromatography. The fundamental equations of chromatographic process are highly non linear. The state-of-the-art Evolution Strategy, CMA-ES (the Covariance Matrix Adaptation Evolution Strategy), is used to identify the parameters of the so-called isotherm function. The approach was validated on different configurations of simulated data using either one, two or three components mixtures. CMA-ES is then applied to real data cases and its results are compared to those of a gradient-based strategy

Проектирование информационной системы учета и анализа экспертных оценок при стратегическом планировании развития ЮТИ ТПУ

The MAMCDP'09 workshop took place in Paris in January 2009. It was intended to promote multiresolution and other adaptive techniques for complex applications where convection is the prevailing phenomenon. Presentations were given by both senior and young researchers from various institutions over two days. In this introduction we summarize the presentations whose slides are available on the website of the workshop as well as the present contributions

Atypical porcine pestivirus-A widespread virus in the Swedish wild boar population

The recently identified causative agent of congenital tremor in domestic piglets, atypical porcine pestivirus (APPV), was detected in serum from Swedish wild boar. A previous study from Sweden described APPV in domestic piglets suffering from congenital tremor, but the APPV situation in the wild boar population was unknown. In this study, 595 serum samples from wild boar originating from 13 counties in the south and central parts of Sweden, collected between 2000 and 2018, were analysed for the presence of the APPV-genome and for antibodies against the APPV-glycoprotein E-rns. The results revealed that APPV is highly abundant in the Swedish wild boar population; 12% (73/595) were APPV-genome positive in serum and 72% (433/595) of the tested wild boars displayed APPV-specific antibodies. The present study also shows that APPV has been present in the Swedish wild boar population since at least the year 2000. The viral sequences obtained from the wild boars were highly similar to those obtained from Swedish domestic pigs positive for APPV and suffering from congenital tremor, suggesting a viral exchange between wild boars and domestic pigs. The high proportion of viraemic and seropositive wild boar is indicative of wild boar being an important reservoir for APPV

Cell-Kinetics Based Calibration of a Multiscale Model of Structured Cell Populations in Ovarian Follicles

International audienceIn this paper, we present a strategy for tuning the parameters of a multiscale model of structured cell populations in which physiological mechanisms are embedded into the cell scale. This strategy allows one to cope with the technical difficulties raised by such models, that arise from their anchorage in cell biology concepts: localized mitosis, progression within and out of the cell cycle driven by time-and possibly unknown-dependent, and nonsmooth velocity coefficients. We compute different mesoscopic and macroscopic quantities from the microscopic unknowns (cell densities) and relate them to experimental cell kinetic indexes. We study the expression of reaching times corresponding to characteristic cellular transitions in a particle-like reduction of the original model. We make use of this framework to obtain an appropriate initial guess for the parameters and then perform a sequence of optimization steps subject to quantitative specifications. We finally illustrate realistic simulations of the cell populations in cohorts of interacting ovarian follicles. Introduction. In this paper, we deal with the question of the numerical calibration of an existing multiscale model of cell-structured populations in the physiological context of ovulation. This model was formulated as a system of weakly coupled, non conservative transport equations with controlled velocities and sink terms, where the unknowns are the cell densities in each follicle [9, 8]. A number of theoretical studies have established the well-posedness of the model [19], examined optimal control problems related to the ovulatory trajectories in the framework of hybrid optimal control theory [6], and studied the reachability of final states corresponding to either ovulatory or atretic cases in the framework of backwards reachable sets [8]. Implementation of the model in an efficient and reliable computing environment has involved the design of a finite-volume scheme dealing with the discontinuous coefficients [3], embedding this scheme within a dedicated adaptive mesh based on a multi-resolution approach [4], and implementing it on parallel architecture [2]. This has left the question of model calibration to biological specifications to be resolved. We have to face a generic, yet unsolved issue in parameter fitting for physiologically-oriented multiscale mathematical models: although mechanistic knowledge in molecular and cell biology is available on the lower scales, quantitative experimental data are rather available on the higher scales. In our case, the question is how to infer the parameters entering the microscopic functions (on the level of the follicular cells) from mesoscopic (on the level of the individual follicles, i.e. the number of follicular cells) or macroscopic (on the level of the populations of follicles) information. In addition, even on the macroscopic level, data remain rather scarce and are rarely obtained directly a

Evidence of pseudoprogression in patients treated with PD1/ PDL1 antibodies across tumor types

Background: PD(L)1 antibodies (anti-PD(L)-1) have been a major breakthrough in several types of cancer. Novel patterns of response and progression have been described with anti-PD(L)-1. We aimed at characterizing pseudoprogression (PSPD) among patients with various solid tumor types treated by anti-PD(L)-1. Methods: All consecutive patients (pts) enrolled in phase 1 trials with advanced solid tumors and lymphomas treated in phase I clinical trials evaluating monotherapy by anti-PD(L)-1 at Gustave Roussy were analyzed. We aimed to assess prevalence and outcome of PSPD across tumor types. We also intended to describe potential clinical and pathological factors associated with PSPD. Results: A total of 169 patients treated with anti-PD(L)-1 were included in the study. Most frequent tumor types included melanoma (n = 57) and non-small cell lung cancer (n = 19). At first tumor evaluation 77 patients (46%) presented with immune unconfirmed progressive disease. Six patients (8%) experienced PSPD: 2 patients with partial response; 4 patients with stable disease. Increase in target lesions in the first CT-scan was more frequently associated to PSPD (67% vs 33%; P = .04). Patients with a PSPD had a superior survival when compared to patients progressing (median OS: 10.7 months vs 8.7 months; P = .07). Conclusions: A small subset of PSPD patients may experience response after an initial progression. Assessment of the current strategy for immune-related response evaluations may require further attention

Corps béants, corps morcelés - Altération et constellation du corps dans les arts scéniques et visuels

International audienceA contre-courant de la conception classique du corps, le motif du corps morcelé ou béant rend compte d'un dysfonctionnement, d'une construction avortée ou encore d'une détérioration. Au coeur de cette recherche dans le champ des arts scéniques et visuels, l'altération et la mise en constellation des corps inscrivent dans les œuvres une double dynamique : à la fois péril de délitement du sujet et opportunité de réinvention du corps, des identités, des subjectivités, et de leurs contours.Les études proposées dans cet ouvrage dépassent la simple inscription thématique de l'altération des corps pour observer la façon dont ces motifs deviennent processus et contaminent les modes de représentation eux-mêmes : il s'agit de témoigner de la façon dont l'altération des corps vivants peut agir à différents niveaux de la création, jusqu'à façonner les médias, les dispositifs et les langages artistiques

Introduction

International audienc

Modelling and Numerical Analysis for the Propagation of a Fluid in a Porous Medium

Different reaction-diffusion macroscopic models of propagation of a fluid polymer in a chromatographic column are described along with numerical schemes. The link between the apparent diffusion and the microscopic-intrinsic diffusion of the fluid and the grains is recalled using the homogenization techniques for local equations. These intrinsic properties are sought after by parameter identification of the equation governing the global behavior. Numerical simulations are performed on experimental data, assuming periodic local geometry