470 research outputs found
Shielding superconductors with thin films
Determining the optimal arrangement of superconducting layers to withstand
large amplitude AC magnetic fields is important for certain applications such
as superconducting radiofrequency cavities. In this paper, we evaluate the
shielding potential of the superconducting film/insulating film/superconductor
(SIS') structure, a configuration that could provide benefits in screening
large AC magnetic fields. After establishing that for high frequency magnetic
fields, flux penetration must be avoided, the superheating field of the
structure is calculated in the London limit both numerically and, for thin
films, analytically. For intermediate film thicknesses and realistic material
parameters we also solve numerically the Ginzburg-Landau equations. It is shown
that a small enhancement of the superheating field is possible, on the order of
a few percent, for the SIS' structure relative to a bulk superconductor of the
film material, if the materials and thicknesses are chosen appropriately.Comment: 7 pages, 5 figure
Commissioning of Dedicated Furnace for Nb3Sn Coatings of 2.6 GHz Single Cell Cavities
We present the results of commissioning a dedicated furnace for Nb3Sn
coatings of 2.6 GHz single cell cavities. Nb3Sn is a desired coating due to its
high critical temperature and smaller surface resistance compared to bulk Nb.
Usage of Nb3Sn coated cavities will greatly reduce operating costs due to
decreased dependance on cryo cooling. Tin is deposited by use of a tin chloride
nucleation agent and tin vapor diffusion. Analysis of the resultant coating was
performed using SEM/EDS to verify successful formation of Nb3Sn. Witness
samples in line of sight of the source were used in order to understand the
coating efficacy.Comment: 21st Intl Conf Radio Frequency Superconductivity (SRF 2023
A burst from the direction of UZ Fornacis with XMM-Newton
The XMM-Newton pointing towards the magnetic cataclysmic variable UZ For
finds the source to be a factor > 10^3 fainter than previous EXOSAT and ROSAT
observations. The source was not detected for the majority of a 22 ksec
exposure with the EPIC cameras, suggesting that the accretion rate either
decreased, or stopped altogether. However a 1.1 ksec burst was detected from UZ
For during the observation. Spectral fits favour optically thin, kT = 4.4 keV
thermal emission. Detection of the burst by the on-board Optical Monitor
indicates that this was most probably an accretion event. The 0.1-10 keV
luminosity of 2.1 x 10^30 erg/s is typical for accretion shock emission from
high state polars and would result from the potential energy release of ~ 10^16
g of gas. There is no significant soft excess due to reprocessing in the white
dwarf atmosphere.Comment: 7 pages, 2 postscript figures, ApJL, in pres
Thermocurrents and their Role in high Q Cavity Performance
Over the past years it became evident that the quality factor of a
superconducting cavity is not only determined by its surface preparation
procedure, but is also influenced by the way the cavity is cooled down.
Moreover, different data sets exists, some of them indicate that a slow
cool-down through the critical temperature is favourable while other data
states the exact opposite. Even so there where speculations and some models
about the role of thermo-currents and flux-pinning, the difference in behaviour
remained a mystery. In this paper we will for the first time present a
consistent theoretical model which we confirmed by data that describes the role
of thermo-currents, driven by temperature gradients and material transitions.
We will clearly show how they impact the quality factor of a cavity, discuss
our findings, relate it to findings at other labs and develop mitigation
strategies which especially addresses the issue of achieving high quality
factors of so-called nitrogen doped cavities in horizontal test
Demonstration of Niobium Tin in 218 MHz Low-beta Quarter Wave Accelerator Cavity
A 218 MHz quarter wave niobium cavity has been fabricated for the purpose of
demonstrating Nb3Sn technology on a low-beta accelerator cavity. Niobiumtin has
been established as a promising next generation SRF material, but development
has focused primarily in high-beta elliptical cell cavities. This material has
a significantly higher TC than niobium, allowing for design of higher frequency
quarter wave cavities (that are subsequently smaller) as well as for
significantly lowered cooling requirements (possibly leading to cryocooler
based designs). The fabrication, initial cold testing, and Nb3Sn coating are
discussed as well as test plans and details of future applications.Comment: 21st Intl Conf Radio Frequency Superconductivity (SRF 2023
Impact of abiotic factors and husbandry on saprolegniosis in salmonid farms
Oomycetes of the genus Saprolegnia are widespread in freshwater environment and are among the main path-
ogens causing economic losses in salmonid aquaculture.
Infections by mycotic agents in fish farming are generally considered to result from chronic stress and poor fish
condition associated with water quality problems, adverse environmental conditions, frequent/rough/incorrect
handling, concurrent infections, physiological changes associated with reproduction and immunocompromised
animals.
To identify risk factors for Saprolegnia infections in trout and Atlantic salmon farming, longitudinal studies
were carried out in different Italian, Spanish, and Scottish fish farms. Prevalence of saprolegniosis and fish
mortality were monitored over time and statistically analysed with respect to husbandry and environmental
factors.
Overall, statistical results by production cycle (trout vs salmon farming) and by country indicate that the
prevalence of Saprolegnia may be influenced by peculiarities of the culture system and farming environment.
Nevertheless, a specific set of parameters, including lower water temperature, and handling procedures increased
Saprolegnia prevalence in all the considered farms. Particularly, in trout farms Saprolegnia infections represented
an important contribution to mortality, and prevalence was influenced by water temperature and pH, and by fish
density within the tanks. Similarly, temperature and water quality were the main factors influencing the prev-
alence of Saprolegnia in Atlantic salmon farms. Moreover, molecular analyses confirmed the role of S. parasitica as
the main pathogenic oomycete in trout and salmon farming in the considered countries. The identification of risk
factors for introduction and increase of Saprolegnia infection in fish farms will allow the correct design of bio-
security and pathogen control strategie
Financial Crisis, Global Liquidity and Monetary Exit Strategies
We develop a roadmap of how the ECB should further reduce the volume of money (money supply) and roll back credit easing in order to prevent inflation. The exits should be step-by-step rather than one-off. Communicating about the exit strategy must be an integral part of the exit strategy. Price stability should take precedence in all decisions. Due to vagabonding global liquidity, there is a strong case for globally coordinating monetary exit strategies. Given unsurmountable practical problems of coordinating exit with asymmetric country interests, however, the ECB should go ahead - perhaps joint with some Far Eastern economies. Coordination of monetary and fiscal exit would undermine ECB independence and is also technically out of reach within the euro area
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