Location, orbit and energy of a meteoroid impacting the moon during the Lunar Eclipse of January 21, 2019

During lunar eclipse of January 21, 2019 a meteoroid impacted the Moon producing a visible light flash. The impact was witnessed by casual observers offering an opportunity to study the phenomenon from multiple geographical locations. We use images and videos collected by observers in 7 countries to estimate the location, impact parameters (speed and incoming direction) and energy of the meteoroid. Using parallax, we achieve determining the impact location at lat. $-29.43^{+0.30}_{-0.21}$, lon. $-67.89^{+0.07}_{-0.09}$ and geocentric distance as 356553 km. After devising and applying a photo-metric procedure for measuring flash standard magnitudes in multiple RGB images having different exposure times, we found that the flash, had an average G-magnitude $\langle G\rangle = 6.7\pm0.3$. We use gravitational ray tracing (GRT) to estimate the orbital properties and likely radiant of the impactor. We find that the meteoroid impacted the moon with a speed of $14^{+7}_{-6}$ km/s (70% C.L.) and at a shallow angle, $\theta < 38.2$ degrees. Assuming a normal error for our estimated flash brightness, educated priors for the luminous efficiency and object density, and using the GRT-computed probability distributions of impact speed and incoming directions, we calculate posterior probability distributions for the kinetic energy (median $K_{\rm med}$ = 0.8 kton), body mass ($M_{\rm med}$ = 27 kg) and diameter ($d_{\rm med}$ = 29 cm), and crater size ($D_{\rm med}$ = 9 m). If our assumptions are correct, the crater left by the impact could be detectable by prospecting lunar probes. These results arose from a timely collaboration between professional and amateur astronomers which highlight the potential importance of citizen science in astronomy.Comment: 19 pages, 11 figures, 4 tables. Data and scripts available in https://github.com/seap-udea/MoonFlashes. Accepted for publication in MNRA

Using an in vitro System for Maintaining Varroa Destructor Mites on Apis Mellifera Pupae as Hosts: Studies of Mite Longevity and Feeding Behavior

Varroa destructor mites (varroa) are ectoparasites of Apis mellifera honey bees, and the damage they inflict on hosts is likely a causative factor of recent poor honey bee colony performance. Research has produced an arsenal of control agents against varroa mites, which have become resistant to many chemical means of their control, and other means have uncertain efficacy. Novel means of control will result from a thorough understanding of varroa physiology and behavior. However, robust knowledge of varroa biology is lacking; mites have very low survivability and reproduction away from their natural environment and host, and few tested protocols of maintaining mites in vitro are available as standardized methods for varroa research. Here, we describe the \u27varroa maintenance system\u27 (VMS), a tool for maintaining in vitro populations of varroa on its natural host, and present best practices for its use in varroa and host research. Additionally, we present results using the VMS from research of varroa and host longevity and varroa feeding behavior. Under these conditions, from two trials, mites lived an average of 12 and 14 days, respectively. For studies of feeding behavior, female mites inflicted wounds located on a wide range of sites on the host\u27s integument, but preferred to feed from the host\u27s abdomen and thorax. Originally in the phoretic-phase, female mites in VMS had limited reproduction, but positive instances give insights into the cues necessary for initiating reproduction. The VMS is a useful tool for laboratory studies requiring long-term survival of mites, or host-parasite interactions

El modelo de la Atención Centrada en la Persona: Análisis descriptivo de una muestra de personas mayores con demencia en centros residenciales

Este análisis descriptivo tiene el objetivo de evaluar la calidad asistencial de una muestra de personas con demencia institucionalizadas usando el Dementia Care Mapping (DCM) como metodología de observación sistemática y de examinar la presencia de pautas asociadas a la psicología social maligna en las residencias observadas. Participaron en el estudio 73 personas con demencia ingresadas en residencias a largo plazo. Los resultados más relevantes apuntan a la presencia de una cultura de cuidados donde predomina la psicología social maligna y el DCM como un instrumento que permite analizar el comportamiento de las personas con demencia, aportando nuevas variables como el bienestar emocional, la diversidad ocupacional y la calidad de la interacción social. Se concluye que la implementación de un modelo de atención centrado en la persona puede incidir postivamente en el bienestar de las personas con demencia

Virtual simulation for last-year nursing graduate students in times of COVID-19: a quasi-experimental study

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has made it necessary to adapt university health-education. Virtual simulation has been proposed to be a suitable tool. Methods: A quasi-experimental study was conducted on nursing students in the final year. The virtual simulation platform vSim® was used. Improvements in knowledge, skills during simulation, satisfaction and self-confidence obtained through the training provided were analyzed, as well as satisfaction with the platform. Results Pre-post training knowledge improved. Skill acquisition improved between the first and last attempts in all cases. The levels of self-confidence and satisfaction with the training and the platform used were high. Conclusions: The vSim® was a useful solution during the pandemic. Knowledge improved and high self-confidence was obtained

Social Cognitive Theory and Health Care: Analysis and Evaluation

Social Cognitive Theory explains how different personal, environmental and cognitive factors influence human behavior and it has been an important source of knowledge in the social and health sciences. It has been employed in research and practice in nursing, the science of caring. However, no critical analysis has been conducted to show the impact of Social Cognitive Theory in nursing. This article aims to conduct an analysis and evaluation of Social Cognitive Theory using the Fawcett and DeSanto-Madeya methodological framework and a systematic search of the literature. Social Cognitive Theory showed that even though is a non-disciplinary theory of health sciences, the clarity and simplicity of its content facilitates its use in understanding and addressing different phenomena of caring, the creation of middle-range theories and in professional education. The contribution of Social Cognitive Theory in nursing science has focused mainly on two aspects: firstly, on improving disciplinary knowledge with the practical context of health caring by understanding human behavior and its integration in interventions for the promotion, prevention and treatment of health, and secondly, on nursing professionals’ education, highlighting the relevance of the interdisciplinary nature of knowledge

Tecnologías wiki en la docencia de Ingeniería Informática

En este artículo presentamos varios proyectos que se están desarrollando en las titulaciones de Ingeniería Informática de la Universidad de Cádiz relativos a tecnologías wiki. WikiHaskell es un wiki en el que los alumnos crean material complementario sobre bibliotecas del lenguaje Haskell. Para evaluar su trabajo se ha desarrollado un software libre de análisis estadístico para wikis, StatMediaWiki. Por otro lado, WikiUNIX recopila información sobre administración de sistemas operativos UNIX, incluyendo ejercicios con scripts de comprobación de resultados y un sistema GNU/Linux virtual para practicar. Estos wikis y otros que comentamos tienen su contenido bajo licencia libre y están accesibles públicamente.Peer Reviewe

Fundamentals of methanol synthesis on metal carbide based catalysts: activation of CO2 and H2

CO2 hydrogenation to methanol and other alcohols constitutes an appealing route to recycle the large amount accumulated in the atmosphere through fossil-derived fuels burning. However, CO2 high chemical stability makes the overall process difficult and appropriate catalysts are needed. Transition metal carbides, either as active phase or as a support for noble metal clusters, have been shown to be able to activate CO2. Here, the mechanism involved in the decomposition of H2 and CO2 on many early transition metal carbides (TMC) surfaces is analyzed with the help of density functional theory (DFT) based calculations complemented by key experiments. Results show that H2 dissociation on VC and δ-MoC is unlikely, that TiC and ZrC are more reactive leading to an exothermic but activated process and that the C:Mo ratio is determinant factor since H2 dissociation on β-Mo2C(001) surface is even more exothermic. The DFT based calculations also show that CO2 adsorption on TMC results in an activated species with TMC→CO2 charge transfer, C-O bond elongations and OCO bending. Supporting Cu4 and Au4 clusters on TMC(001) surfaces leads to more active catalysts due to the induced charge polarization. For H2 dissociation, TiC appears to be the best support, enhancing H2 both thermodynamics and kinetics. CO2 is strongly adsorbed on supported Cu4 and Au4 clusters, and the adsorption energy strength correlates with the methanol formation rate: Cu4/TiC(001) > Au4/TiC(001) > Cu/ZnO(001) >> Cu(111), thus providing potential alternative catalysts for methanol synthesis, in principle dozens of times better than commercial Cu/ZnO based catalysts