Exploring a volatomic-based strategy for a fingerprinting approach of Vaccinium padifolium L. berries at different ripening stages

The effect of ripening on the evolution of the volatomic pattern from endemic Vaccinium padifolium L. (Uveira) berries was investigated using headspace-solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME) followed by gas chromato graphy/quadrupole-mass spectrometry (GC–qMS) and multivariate statistical analysis (MVA). The most sig nificant HS-SPME parameters, namely fibre polymer, ionic strength and extraction time, were optimized in order to improve extraction efficiency. Under optimal experimental conditions (DVB/CAR/PDMS fibre coating, 40 °C, 30 min extraction time and 5 g of sample amount), a total of 72 volatiles of different functionalities were isolated and identified. Terpenes followed by higher alcohols and esters were the predominant classes in the ripening stages – green, break and ripe. Although significant differences in the volatomic profiles at the three stages were obtained, cis-β-ocimene (2.0–40.0%), trans-2-hexenol (2.4–19.4%), cis-3-hexenol (2.5.16.4%), β-myrcene (1.9–13.8%), 1-hexanol (1.7–13.6%), 2-hexenal (0.7–8.0%), 2-heptanone (0.7–7.7%), and linalool (1.9–6.1%) were the main volatile compounds identified. Higher alcohols, carboxylic acids and ketones gradually increased during ripening, whereas monoterpenes significantly decreased. These trends were dominated by the higher alcohols (1-hexanol, cis-3-hexenol, trans-2-hexenol) and monoterpenes (β-myrcene, cis-β-ocimene and trans-β ocimene). Partial least squares regression (PLSR) revealed that ethyl caprylate (1.000), trans-geraniol (0.995), ethyl isovalerate (−0.994) and benzyl carbinol (0.993) are the key variables that most contributed to the successful differentiation of Uveira berries according to ripening stage. To the best of our knowledge, no study has carried out on the volatomic composition of berries from endemic Uveira.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Uses of Money in the Early Days of Colonial Brazil: The Coins and their Stories

What history of colonial period Brazil can coins medals and decorations tell Could it tell us more than Official History has offered What memory can we preserve or rescue Carlos Drummond de Andrade in his book Claro Enigma when referring to memory tells us that finished things much more than beautiful yes of course must remain 1 As Drummond s poem suggests coins preserve memories purposes rescues homelands physical places mental places This small but powerful object that has existed for over two thousand and five hundred years2 emanates power disseminates intentions reveals cultures and identities These same identities and cultural history that decoded in the choices of the signs of power Chartier 1990 220 reveal themselves in monetary iconography For that matter Karl-Joachim H lkeskamp3 explains that cultural memories need spaces and places to happen not only physically but also rituals festivals commemorative dates images and texts And all these places all these cultural manifestations somehow are displayed in coins they are in the coins Jacques Le Goff 2003 also believes that memory is a crucial element of what is understood by identity whether individual or collective and the search for identity is one of the essential activities of individuals and society itsel

Tangerines cultivated on Madeira Island: a high throughput natural source of bioactive compounds

Tangerines (Citrus reticulata) are popular fruits worldwide, being rich in many bioactive metabolites. The setubalense variety cultivated on Madeira Island has an intense aroma easily distinguishable from other tangerines, being traditionally used to enrich several foods and beverages. Nonetheless, setubalense volatile composition has never been characterized, and we aimed to unveil the bioactive potential of peels and juices of setubalense tangerines and compare them with the murcott variety grown in Portugal mainland. Using headspace solid-phase microextraction coupled to gas chromatography mass spectrometry (HS-SPME/GC-MS), we identified a total of 128 volatile organic metabolites (VOMs) in the juice and peels, with d-limonene, γ-terpinene, β-myrcene, α- and β-pinene, o-cymene, and terpinolene, the most dominant in both cultivars. In contrast, setubalense juices are richer in terpenes, many of them associated with health protection. Discriminant analysis revealed a pool of VOMs, including β-caryophyllene and E-ocimene, with bioactive properties able to differentiate among tangerines according to variety and sample type (peel vs. juice). This is the first report on the volatile composition of setubalense tangerines grown on Madeira Island revealing that its pungent aroma is constituted by secondary metabolites with specific aroma notes and health properties. This is strong evidence of the higher nutraceutical value of such fruit for the human diet.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Evaluation of the Health-Promoting Properties of Selected Fruits

In this study, the health-promoting benefits of different fruits grown in Madeira Island, namely lemon (Citrus limon var. eureka), tangerine (Citrus reticulata var. setubalense), pitanga (Eugenia uniflora var. red), tomato (Solanum lycopersicum var. gordal) and uva-da-serra, an endemic blueberry (Vaccinium padifolium Sm.), were investigated. The phenolic composition (total phenolics and total flavonoids content) and antioxidant capacity (assessed through ABTS and DPPH assays) were measured revealing a high phenolic potential for all fruits, except tomato, while uva-da-serra is particularly rich in flavonoids. In relation to the antioxidant capacity, the highest values were obtained for pitanga and uva-da-serra extracts. The bioactive potential was also assessed through the ability of the extracts to inhibit digestive enzymes linked to diabetes (α-amylase, α- and β glucosidases) and hypertension (angiotensin-converting enzyme, ACE). The results obtained point to a very high bioactive potential with the selected samples exhibiting very important ACE anti enzymatic capacities. A statistical analysis of the obtained data reveals a very strong correlation between ABTS and TPC, and a strong contribution of the fruit polyphenols for enzyme inhibition, and thus, presenting high antihypertensive and antidiabetic capacities. Overall, the results obtained clearly show a high bioactive potential of the selected fruits that should be further studied, in terms of specific phenolic composition. Moreover, these results strongly support the valorisation of pitanga seeds usually discarded as a waste, and uva-da-serra, an endemic and wild bush, as potential bioresources of bioactive compounds with impact in human diet.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

The potential of microextraction techniques for the analysis of bioactive compounds in food

For a long time, the importance of sample preparation and extraction in the analytical performance of the most diverse methodologies have been neglected. Cumbersome techniques, involving high sample and solvent volumes have been gradually miniaturized from solid-phase and liquid-liquid extractions formats and microextractions approaches are becoming the standard in different fields of research. In this context, this review is devoted to the analysis of bioactive compounds in foods using different microextraction approaches reported in the literature since 2015. But microextraction also represents an opportunity to mitigate the environmental impact of organic solvents usage, as well as lab equipment. For this reason, in the recent literature, phenolics and alkaloids extraction from fruits, medicinal herbs, juices, and coffee using different miniaturized formats of solid-phase extraction and liquid-liquid microextraction are the most popular applications. However, more ambitious analytical limits are continuously being reported and emergent sorbents based on carbon nanotubes and magnetic nanoparticles will certainly contribute to this trend. Additionally, ionic liquids and deep eutectic solvents constitute already the most recent forefront of innovation, substituting organic solvents and further improving the current microextraction approaches.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Gregos e romanos entre judeus

Este artigo tem uma dupla missão, o que por si só já se trata de um grande desafio, pois tratam-se de dois objetos de reflexão no mesmo texto: 1) discutir a força do judaísmo no Mediterrâneo, ao ponto de levar romanos e outros povos não-judeus a sua conversão ao judaísmo; 2) refletir sobre o embate cultural, político e religioso que se dá a partir da presença de romanos na região oriental, questionando a rigidez identitária de ambos, romanos e judeus. Procuramos demonstrar que a identificação cultural e religiosa que perpassa judeus e romanos, variará muito se considerarmos múltiplas razões

A EVOLUÇÃO DA RESPONSABILIDADE CIVIL NO DIREITO CONSTITUCIONAL CONTEMPORÂNEO: DO DANO MORAL IN NATURE AO DANO MORAL IN RE IPSA

O dano moral é uma modalidade de indenização que ampara o sujeito nas lesões cometidas contra direitos imateriais, inseridos no âmbito de sua personalidade, anteriormente desprovidos de tutela jurisdicional, a qual se aplicava apenas infrações contra bens materiais. Em contrapartida, na atualidade esses direitos subjetivos se destinam a preservação dos aspectos mais significativos do que diferencia o homem dos demais seres viventes, a dignidade da pessoa humana.Nos primórdios da proteção dos direitos fundamentais no âmbito civil, era exigido que o indivíduo lesado comprovasse seus três requisitos indispensáveis, dolo, culpa e nexo de causalidade, o que acabava por vezes expondo-o a nova situação humilhante, degradante, logo, nova modalidade se viu imprescindível a de abandonar a prova do dano, adotando-se nova versão do instituto em comento, a qual se denomina dano moral in re ipsa e que a cada dia ganha maior espaço no cenário jurídico

Patrimônio arqueológico na Síria:discutindo as ações do Estado Islâmico

Este artigo se propõe a apresentar e discutir a natureza da destruição do patrimônio arqueológico no Oriente Médio, mais especialmente na Síria, praticada pelo Estado Islâmico. De como essas ações implicam na obliteração de uma determinada memória, em detrimento de outras e de como o patrimônio arqueológico está diretamente vinculado à noção de monumento enquanto memória. Por fim, intenta demonstrar como o comércio de objetos arqueológicos pelo Ocidente alimenta, em muitas medidas, as ações do Estado Islâmico. Discutiremos também o discurso da mídia Ocidental frente as ações do Estado Islâmico. Palavras-chave: patrimônio arqueológico; Estado Islâmico; memória; tráfico de objeto

A Framework for a New Approach to Empower Users Through Low-Cost and Do-It-Yourself Assistive Technology

[Abstract] Background: Assistive Technology (AT) refers to “assistive products and related systems and services developed for people to maintain or improve functioning and thereby to promote well-being”. Improving the process of design and creation of assistive products is an important step towards strengthening AT provision. Purpose: (1) to present a framework for designing and creating Low-Cost AT; (2) to display the preliminary results and evidence derived from applying the framework. Methodology: First, an evidence-based process was applied to develop and conceptualize the framework. Then, a pilot project to validate the framework was carried out. The sample was formed by 11 people with disabilities. The measure instruments were specific questionnaire, several forms of the Matching Person-Technology model, the Psychosocial Impact of Assistive Device Scale, and a tool to assess the usability and universal design of AT. Results: The framework integrates three phases: Identification (Design), Creation (Making the prototype), and Implementation (Outcome Measures), based on the principles of Design Thinking, and with a user-centered perspective. The preliminary results showed the coherence of the entire process and its applicability. The matching between person and device was high, representing the importance of involving the user in the design and selection of AT. Conclusions: The framework is a guide for professionals and users to apply a Low-Cost and Do-It-Yourself perspective to the provision of AT. It highlights the importance of monitoring the entire procedure and measuring the effects, by applying the outcome measures.This research had the support for its publication by National Program of R + D+i oriented to the Challenges of Society 2019 (coordinated research) Grant number: PID2019-104323RB-C33. Ministry of science and innovation. The APC was funded by CITIC as a Research Center of the Galician University System is financed by the Consellería de Education, Universidades y Formación Profesional (Xunta de Galicia) through the ERDF (80%), Operational Program ERDF Galicia 2014–2020 and the remaining 20% by the Secretaria Xeral de Universidades (Ref. ED431G 2019/01)Xunta de Galicia; ED431G 2019/0

Programas de conciliación nos tempos cotiáns da infancia en Galicia

O traballo que se presenta forma parte do proxecto de investigación denominado “A conciliación nos tempos cotiáns da infancia en Galicia: problemáticas específicas e alternativas pedagóxico-sociais e prácticas de lecer nas escolas, familias e comunidades (CONCILIA_D@S)”, financiado pola Consellería de Cultura, Educación e Ordenación Universitaria na convocatoria de Emerxentes (2014-PG004). A finalidade principal do proxecto é coñecer e analizar como se organizan os tempos cotiáns da infancia en Galicia atendendo a diferentes tipoloxías familiares, coas diferentes circunstancias que nelas concorren: estrutura do hábitat (rural e urbano), tempos escolares (calendarios e horarios lectivos) e actividades de lecer. No marco dunha metodoloxía integradora que fai uso de diversas estratexias e procesos de indagación (cuantitativos e cualitativos) tanto na recollida de datos como na interpretación da información, proponse o estudo de casos e identificación de boas prácticas na conciliación dos tempos, así como en iniciativas de Educación do Lecer nos ámbitos rurais e urbanos. En concreto, este traballo céntrase na identificación de boas prácticas -entendidas como experiencias exemplares que orientan a acción socioeducativa e son susceptibles de ser transferidas e implementadas noutros contextos con obxectivos semellantes- vinculadas á conciliación dos tempos familiares, laborais e escolares e que posibilitan novas opcións para un desenvolvemento máis integral da infancia, especialmente nos planos formativo e lúdico-recreativo. A análise toma como referencia o protagonismo que teñen -tanto no rural como no urbano- as Administracións Locais de Galicia e a súa potencial incidencia na oferta e desenvolvemento de servizos e programas que garantan a conciliación dos tempos e o benestar da infancia, especialmente nos tempos extraescolares e nos períodos de vacacións. Entre os criterios empregados para a selección das boas prácticas destacan: a permanencia, a innovación e a transferibilidade. Por último, se sinalan os aspectos converxentes das iniciativas presentadas, o seu influxo no benestar infantil e algunhas recomendacións de carácter pedagóxico-social derivadas do estudo das actuacións que os municipios están a poñer en marcha para favorecer a conciliación nos seus territorios