Scriture Visuali e Narrative tra cinema e letteratura negli anni 1970- 2020: Casi Italiani, Spagnoli e Baschi.

99 p. La introducción y los capítulos 2, 3 y 4 están sujetos a confidencialidad por la autoraHablar de cine vasco trae consigo inevitablemente la pregunta de si es algo diferente al cine español. De hecho, muchos, fuera de España o mejor dicho del País Vasco, ignoran la existencia de un cine vasco que pueda tener características independientes del cine del resto de España o lo consideran un fenómeno de nicho investigado por unos pocos y sin especial interés. En realidad, sin embargo, si en Italia la difusión y conocimiento del cine vasco por parte del público está ligada a unos pocos directores como Alex de la Iglesia o Julio Medem y la visión de sus películas no conduce a una conciencia de un cine vasco que puedan tener características estéticas diferentes a las del cine español, en España está muy extendida la percepción de una autonomía estética vasca respecto a lo que se produce en el resto de la península.La autodeterminación del pueblo vasco y el proyecto político independentista encuentran un apoyo significativo en un proyecto cultural generalizado que tiene en cuenta el cine como medio de comunicación inmediato, incluso antes del reconocimiento o mejor, como se verá más adelante, de la 'construcción' de una literatura. Independientemente de si la definición de cine vasco se refiere a algo producido en territorio vasco o algo en lengua vasca, la 'vasquidad' es reconocible como un elemento fundamental de carácter cultural. El objetivo de esta tesis es rastrear la formación de una conciencia cultural cinematográfica vasca y su evolución, o resultado, especialmente en los últimos diez años y, considerando un punto de vista 'externo', no vasco, de reconocibilidad de la misma

La Natura, la Terra, la Patria: elementi identitari nell’opera di Stanislao Nievo e dei maggiori poeti baschi

A place can be told and described but also re-created by the writer's vision; whoever inhabits it and experiences it contributes to acting as a medium for the story and the symbols that belong to that place, in a constant re-semantization. Stanislao Nievo, with the idea of ​​the Parchi Letterari, and in his works, creates placetelling based on symbolic elements of the communities. A similar process occurs in the works of two of the major contemporary Basque writers: Aresti and Atxaga who interpret the meaning of vasquidad through the symbols that represent it.  Un luogo può essere raccontato e descritto ma anche ri-creato dalla visione dello scrittore; chi lo abita e lo vive contribuisce a farsi tramite del racconto e veicolo dei simboli che a quel luogo appartengono, in una costante risemantizzazione nel tempo. Stanislao Nievo, con l’idea dei Parchi Letterari, e complessivamente nella sua opera, crea un placetelling fondato su elementi simbolo delle comunità. Un processo similare avviene nelle opere di due dei maggiori scrittori baschi contemporanei: Aresti e Atxaga che interpretano il senso di vasquidad tramite i simboli che la rappresentano

Flooding Responses on Grapevine: A Physiological, Transcriptional, and Metabolic Perspective

Studies on model plants have shown that temporary soil flooding exposes roots to a significant hypoxic stress resulting in metabolic re-programming, accumulation of toxic metabolites and hormonal imbalance. To date, physiological and transcriptional responses to flooding in grapevine are poorly characterized. To fill this gap, we aimed to gain insights into the transcriptional and metabolic changes induced by flooding on grapevine roots (K5BB rootstocks), on which cv Sauvignon blanc (Vitis vinifera L.) plants were grafted. A preliminary experiment under hydroponic conditions enabled the identification of transiently and steadily regulated hypoxia-responsive marker genes and drafting a model for response to oxygen deprivation in grapevine roots. Afterward, over two consecutive vegetative seasons, flooding was imposed to potted vines during the late dormancy period, to mimick the most frequent waterlogging events occurring in the field. Untargeted transcriptomic and metabolic profiling approaches were applied to investigate early responses of grapevine roots during exposure to hypoxia and subsequent recovery after stress removal. The initial hypoxic response was marked by a significant increase of the hypoxia-inducible metabolites ethanol, GABA, succinic acid and alanine which remained high also 1 week after recovery from flooding with the exception of ethanol that leveled off. Transcriptomic data supported the metabolic changes by indicating a substantial rearrangement of primary metabolic pathways through enhancement of the glycolytic and fermentative enzymes and of a subset of enzymes involved in the TCA cycle. GO and KEGG pathway analyses of differentially expressed genes showed a general down-regulation of brassinosteroid, auxin and gibberellin biosynthesis in waterlogged plants, suggesting a general inhibition of root growth and lateral expansion. During recovery, transcriptional activation of gibberellin biosynthetic genes and down-regulation of the metabolic ones may support a role for gibberellins in signaling grapevine rootstocks waterlogging metabolic and hormonal changes to the above ground plant. The significant internode elongation measured upon budbreak during recovery in plants that had experienced flooding supported this hypothesis. Overall integration of these data enabled us to draft a first comprehensive view of the molecular and metabolic pathways involved in grapevine\u2019s root responses highlighting a deep metabolic and transcriptomic reprogramming during and after exposure to waterlogging

Flooding Responses on Grapevine: A Physiological, Transcriptional, and Metabolic Perspective

Studies on model plants have shown that temporary soil flooding exposes roots to a significant hypoxic stress resulting in metabolic re-programming, accumulation of toxic metabolites and hormonal imbalance. To date, physiological and transcriptional responses to flooding in grapevine are poorly characterized. To fill this gap, we aimed to gain insights into the transcriptional and metabolic changes induced by flooding on grapevine roots (K5BB rootstocks), on which cv Sauvignon blanc (Vitis vinifera L.) plants were grafted. A preliminary experiment under hydroponic conditions enabled the identification of transiently and steadily regulated hypoxia-responsive marker genes and drafting a model for response to oxygen deprivation in grapevine roots. Afterward, over two consecutive vegetative seasons, flooding was imposed to potted vines during the late dormancy period, to mimick the most frequent waterlogging events occurring in the field. Untargeted transcriptomic and metabolic profiling approaches were applied to investigate early responses of grapevine roots during exposure to hypoxia and subsequent recovery after stress removal. The initial hypoxic response was marked by a significant increase of the hypoxia-inducible metabolites ethanol, GABA, succinic acid and alanine which remained high also 1 week after recovery from flooding with the exception of ethanol that leveled off. Transcriptomic data supported the metabolic changes by indicating a substantial rearrangement of primary metabolic pathways through enhancement of the glycolytic and fermentative enzymes and of a subset of enzymes involved in the TCA cycle. GO and KEGG pathway analyses of differentially expressed genes showed a general down-regulation of brassinosteroid, auxin and gibberellin biosynthesis in waterlogged plants, suggesting a general inhibition of root growth and lateral expansion. During recovery, transcriptional activation of gibberellin biosynthetic genes and down-regulation of the metabolic ones may support a role for gibberellins in signaling grapevine rootstocks waterlogging metabolic and hormonal changes to the above ground plant. The significant internode elongation measured upon budbreak during recovery in plants that had experienced flooding supported this hypothesis. Overall integration of these data enabled us to draft a first comprehensive view of the molecular and metabolic pathways involved in grapevine’s root responses highlighting a deep metabolic and transcriptomic reprogramming during and after exposure to waterlogging