In re: Grand Jury Proceedings: The Semantics of Presumption and Need

This note analyzes the District Court of the District of Columbia’s application of the doctrine of executive privilege in In re Grand Jury Proceedings. Part II provides a brief history of executive privilege and discusses precedents that impacted the court’s decision. Part III indicates the procedural posture of the case and sets forth the substantive facts. Part IV discusses the court’s analysis of the executive privilege issue in light of recent District of Columbia Circuit Court decisions. Part V concludes that In re Grand Jury Proceedings bolstered the notion of a presumption in favor of the privilege, while observing that the sufficiency of the evidence presented to overcome the privilege must be evaluated in retrospect

Putting Archaeology and Anthropology into Schools: A 2019 Update

Our 2012 article, “Putting Anthropology Into Schools,” argued that integrating anthropology and archaeology into K-12 schools must involve teacher preparation, state certification requirements, and in-service training. National anthropology and archaeology organizations’ decades-long push for the integration of their disciplines into schools was outlined but assessed as relatively limited compared to successful efforts in psychology, sociology, and economics. Some progress did occur, traced primarily to the National Science Foundation and other funders, alongside committed individuals with well-developed curriculum materials. Our 2019 publication includes the original article followed by an UPDATE outlining developments since 2012. Reports from the National Academies and the American Anthropological Association are discussed alongside efforts bythe Society for American Archaeology and the Archaeological Institute of America. Highlights also include initiatives to align anthropology and archaeology with national standards and global education goals; online resources for teachers and homeschooling parents; and informal, out-of-school opportunities including museum programs

Ontogenetic Shifts in the Costs of Living in Groups: Focal Observations of a Pholcid Spider (Holocnemus pluchei)

Holocnemus pluchei spiders (Family Pholcidae) facultatively live in groups: sometimes they live alone and sometimes they share webs. In the field groups vary in size and composition and include spiders of all ages and either sex. Group membership is flexible and individuals move frequently among groups. To understand group formation and maintenance it is necessary to understand the costs of group membership. We used focal animal sampling to investigate the cost of group living for spiders of different ages across a range of group sizes. Both spider age and group size affected the costs incurred by group-living spiders. There was no variation among groups of different sizes in the percentage of time focal small or large spiders spent in costly behaviors (moving, web maintenance, bouncing or interactions with conspecifics), but medium-sized spiders spent more time engaged in costly behaviors with increasing group size. Medium and large spiders also had more interactions with greater numbers of different conspecifics when they were in groups larger than three, whereas small spiders interacted rarely with conspecifics regardless of group size. These results suggest that there are significant ontogenetic shifts in the costs of group living in H. pluchei

The relationships among disease activity, depression and the chronic pain experience in persons with rheumatoid arthritis

This study is based upon a life span developmental framework of aging and dying. A descriptive correlational study involving 54 healthy older adults was designed to study the relationships among three key variables represented in the conceptual framework: Spirituality, death acceptance and aggressiveness of end-of-life treatment selection. Five research questions were examined. Subjects desired less aggressive life-sustaining treatment for the dementia scenarios (mean: .24), and more aggressive treatment for the unconscious scenario (mean: .53). A significant relationship was demonstrated between spirituality and death acceptance (r = .44, p = .001 ). No significant correlations were found between death acceptance, spirituality, age or gender to aggressiveness of end-of-life treatment selected.Digitized from a paper copy provided by the Arizona Health Sciences Library

STEMinists : an exploration of the impact of female educators in STEM fields

With a growing need for skilled STEM workers in the US, it is necessary to examine why minority groups such as women continue to participate in STEM at far lower rates. The historical exclusion of women from education created a system of STEM education that was formed for and by men. Despite changes in the education system that have allowed women to gain traction in almost every other content area, evaluation of the current status of the field reveals STEM subjects remain dominated by men. Additionally, there appear to be a new set of barriers that exclude women at all levels of STEM education. Changes to address these new barriers need to be made – and educators who are at the forefront of this occurrence have a unique opportunity to inspire change for future generations. Specifically, female STEM educators acting as mentors and role models have been shown to help female students overcome the obstacles they face in pursuing a STEM education and career. In order to fully realize the potential of female educators, the treatment of female educators in academia needs to be evaluated to ensure they are properly supported by the schools they work for.Thesis (B.?)Honors Colleg