JASMIN Science Case (2016)

JASMIN exists to provide the UK environmental sciences the compute facility they need to deliver cost-effective world class science and impact from the exploitation of data. A £17M investment is needed for the next generation of JASMIN, to maintain the UK’s scientific and competitive edge, facilitating the exploitation of world-class environmental science to meet the global societal challenges of the future. Such an investment would build on international leadership and would support: • The merging of extremely large environmental data sets with the latest earth system models: building downstream growth in space-based environmental services; and underpinning international collaborations. • The transformation of data into information products and services; JASMIN provides the foundation for the UK environmental information ecosystem: investment will provide greater access to knowledge for a range of users. • Enabling researchers to better support government usage of environmental hazard data resulting in large-scale societal benefit e.g. development of earthquake monitoring systems. • The next generation of earth observation and environmental simulation, including for the next phase of the World Climate Research Programme (WCRP) global model intercomparison project (CMIP6). The updated JASMIN will deliver cost-effective, world-class environmental science, exploiting data for societal benefit. It will be a cutting-edge novel computational environment, ensuring highly-skilled people are retained in the UK from systems engineers to environmental data users, from data scientists and analysts to mathematicians

JASMIN Science Case (2016)

JASMIN exists to provide the UK environmental sciences the compute facility they need to deliver cost-effective world class science and impact from the exploitation of data. A £17M investment is needed for the next generation of JASMIN, to maintain the UK’s scientific and competitive edge, facilitating the exploitation of world-class environmental science to meet the global societal challenges of the future. Such an investment would build on international leadership and would support: • The merging of extremely large environmental data sets with the latest earth system models: building downstream growth in space-based environmental services; and underpinning international collaborations. • The transformation of data into information products and services; JASMIN provides the foundation for the UK environmental information ecosystem: investment will provide greater access to knowledge for a range of users. • Enabling researchers to better support government usage of environmental hazard data resulting in large-scale societal benefit e.g. development of earthquake monitoring systems. • The next generation of earth observation and environmental simulation, including for the next phase of the World Climate Research Programme (WCRP) global model intercomparison project (CMIP6). The updated JASMIN will deliver cost-effective, world-class environmental science, exploiting data for societal benefit. It will be a cutting-edge novel computational environment, ensuring highly-skilled people are retained in the UK from systems engineers to environmental data users, from data scientists and analysts to mathematicians

Diagnosis and management of subarachnoid haemorrhage

Aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage (aSAH) presents a challenge to clinicians because of its multisystem effects. Advancements in computed tomography (CT), endovascular treatments, and neurocritical care have contributed to declining mortality rates. The critical care of aSAH prioritises cerebral perfusion, early aneurysm securement, and the prevention of secondary brain injury and systemic complications. Early interventions to mitigate cardiopulmonary complications, dyselectrolytemia and treatment of culprit aneurysm require a multidisciplinary approach. Standardised neurological assessments, transcranial doppler (TCD), and advanced imaging, along with hypertensive and invasive therapies, are vital in reducing delayed cerebral ischemia and poor outcomes. Health care disparities, particularly in the resource allocation for SAH treatment, affect outcomes significantly, with telemedicine and novel technologies proposed to address this health inequalities. This article underscores the necessity for comprehensive multidisciplinary care and the urgent need for large-scale studies to validate standardised treatment protocols for improved SAH outcomes

Impact of opioid-free analgesia on pain severity and patient satisfaction after discharge from surgery: multispecialty, prospective cohort study in 25 countries

Background: Balancing opioid stewardship and the need for adequate analgesia following discharge after surgery is challenging. This study aimed to compare the outcomes for patients discharged with opioid versus opioid-free analgesia after common surgical procedures.Methods: This international, multicentre, prospective cohort study collected data from patients undergoing common acute and elective general surgical, urological, gynaecological, and orthopaedic procedures. The primary outcomes were patient-reported time in severe pain measured on a numerical analogue scale from 0 to 100% and patient-reported satisfaction with pain relief during the first week following discharge. Data were collected by in-hospital chart review and patient telephone interview 1 week after discharge.Results: The study recruited 4273 patients from 144 centres in 25 countries; 1311 patients (30.7%) were prescribed opioid analgesia at discharge. Patients reported being in severe pain for 10 (i.q.r. 1-30)% of the first week after discharge and rated satisfaction with analgesia as 90 (i.q.r. 80-100) of 100. After adjustment for confounders, opioid analgesia on discharge was independently associated with increased pain severity (risk ratio 1.52, 95% c.i. 1.31 to 1.76; P < 0.001) and re-presentation to healthcare providers owing to side-effects of medication (OR 2.38, 95% c.i. 1.36 to 4.17; P = 0.004), but not with satisfaction with analgesia (beta coefficient 0.92, 95% c.i. -1.52 to 3.36; P = 0.468) compared with opioid-free analgesia. Although opioid prescribing varied greatly between high-income and low- and middle-income countries, patient-reported outcomes did not.Conclusion: Opioid analgesia prescription on surgical discharge is associated with a higher risk of re-presentation owing to side-effects of medication and increased patient-reported pain, but not with changes in patient-reported satisfaction. Opioid-free discharge analgesia should be adopted routinely

Organic Metals. Systematic Molecular Modifications of Hexamethylenetetraheterofulvalene Donors

THE UK Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC) has funded a new Animal Welfare Research Network (AWRN) to bring together animal welfare researchers, those working in related fields and other professionals with an interest in animal welfare, including representatives from industry, charities and government. The core aims of the AWRN are to foster enhanced collaboration within the UK animal welfare research community and other relevant disciplines to: facilitate mentoring and training for early career researchers; seek new ways of supporting welfare researchers at all career stages; encourage interaction between researchers and stakeholders to identify gaps and opportunities for joint-working; and promote the impact of research outcomes. Over £100,000 has been provided by BBSRC to fund the AWRN for three years in the first instance, and it will be managed by a coordinating group of animal welfare researchers led by Professor Michael Mendl from Bristol university. Animal welfare is of high societal importance. In an EU survey, 34 per cent of approximately 29,000 citizens rated the protection of welfare in farmed animals as being of the highest importance. Within the UK this proportion was 38 per cent (EU 2007). Britain has a strong tradition of animal welfare research that dates back to the Brambell Committee's (1965) parliamentary report on the welfare of livestock kept under intensive conditions. This, in turn, was prompted by Ruth Harrison's (1964) book Animal Machines, an investigation into the rise of modern intensive farming methods. Animal welfare research is, therefore, a relatively new discipline. It uses fundamental underpinning science in studies that aim, for example, to create new and more accurate ways to scientifically assess welfare or to increase our understanding of the biological responses of animals to challenges. At the same time, strategic science studies that focus on applying findings and developing ways of implementing change and improving welfare in the real world (eg, on farm) are also an important part of the discipline. Animal welfare researchers work with a range of species including farm, laboratory, companion, zoo and even wild animals. An important objective of the AWRN is to promote greater interaction within the animal welfare research community via meetings, workshops and exchange of researchers. This will increase cohesion, awareness of the broad scope of work that is being carried out, and amalgamation of complementary skills in basic and applied research. A related objective is to create opportunities for research students and early career researchers to meet peers and colleagues, establish their own cross-institute activities and receive training from research groups with different expertise, including research areas currently outside the welfare envelope