Features of life-meaning orientations of young adults with different levels of reflexion

The purpose of the research is to establish specifics of lifemeaning orientations of young adults with different levels of reflexion. Methods. The methods involve empirical data collection methods, mathematical methods of statistics (nonparametric Mann – Whitney U test is used for comparing two independent samples and assessing significance of their differences; nonparametric Kruskal – Wallis H test is used for assessing the impact of reflexion level on life-meaning orientations), descriptive statistics. 45 girls and 15 boys in the age range of 21–22 took part in the research. Results. Analysis of the data led to conclusion that there is non-linear connection between the level of reflexion development and life-meaning orientations of young adults. This connection may be seen as reflexion’s influence on lifemeaning orientations, which consists of gender-specific and gender-nonspecific features. Gender-nonspecific features of this connection are: level of retro-reflexion influences such life-meaning orientations as self-contentment, self-productivity and assessment of individual’s past; level of situational reflexion influences such life-meaning orientations as ability of self-regulation and image of individual’s strength and freedom; level of prospective-reflexion influences such life-meaning orientations as assessment of future success and the ability to clearly see life goals. Gender-specific features of this connection is inter-reflexion influence on life-meaning orientations. Girls with high level of inter-reflexion also demonstrate clear understanding or personal self-control, assessment of personal freedom, and awareness of life goals. Scientific and practical significance. Further research and analysis of those features may help deeper understanding the connection between reflexion as a factor of inward self-regulation, and life-meaning orientations as a factor of outward regulation of individual activity. Исследование, изложенное в статье, проводилось с целью выявления особенностей смысложизненных ориентаций у юношей и девушек с разным уровнем рефлексии. Методы. Использовались методы эмпирического сбора данных, методы математической статистики (расчет непараметрического U критерия Манна – Уитни для определения значимости различий показателей; расчет критерия Н Краскалла – Уоллеса для определения влияния уровня выраженности рефлексии на смысложизненные ориентации), методы описательной статистики. Результаты. В исследовании приняли участие 45 девушек и 15 юношей в возрасте 21–22 года. При выраженности различных видов рефлексии у испытуемых отмечен высокий уровень развития некоторых смысложизненных ориентаций, однако эта связь нелинейна. Были установлены влияние уровня выраженности рефлексии на смысложизненные ориентации, его гендерно-специфические и гендерно-неспецифические особенности. К гендерно-неспецифическим особенностям относятся уровень ретроспективной рефлексии, который обусловливает различную степень удовлетворенности самореализацией, оценку продуктивности и осмысленность пройденного отрезка жизни; уровень ситуативной рефлексии, связанный с пониманием способности индивида к саморегуляции и четкостью представлений о себе как о сильной личности, обладающей свободой выбора; уровень перспективной рефлексии, указывающий на степень успешности прогнозирования вероятных исходов будущей активности и четкость осознания жизненных целей. Гендерно-специфические особенности связи рефлексии со смысложизненными ориентациями проявляются в том, что у девушек с высоким уровнем интрапсихической рефлексии высока и степень осознания жизненных целей, личностной свободы и самоконтроля. У юношей такая взаимосвязь менее выражена. Научная и практическая значимость работы заключаются в получении новых данных о взаимосвязи рефлексии как фактора саморегуляции и смысложизненных ориентаций как фактора внешней регуляции жизненной активности у молодеж

To the problem of study of business speech in school

Standards of written business speech are discussed as a key means of communicative competence. Programs and teaching sets on teaching written business language are described.Рассматриваются нормы письменной деловой речи как важнейшее средство коммуникативной компетенции. Описываются программы и учебно-методические пособия по обучению письменной деловой речи

The Use of Altered Gravity as a Tool to Understand Neurovestibular Mechanisms in Vertebrates

Vertebrates sense gravito-inertial acceleration by mechanoreceptors (hair cells) in the otolith structures of the inner ear. These structures consist of ciliated sensory hair cells surmounted by biomineral grains of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) called otoconia that provide mechanical loading of hair cell cilia. Changes in their high density can alter the hair cells sensitivity to acceleration and orientation with respect to gravity. A widely considered mechanism by which the animal responds to a chronic change in amplitude of gravity is a change in weight-lending otoconia. Hair cells are synaptically coupled to the vestibular nerve afferents that convey the signals into the brain. Synapses are modifiable in strength and numbers, and thereby can be an additional target to adjust the sensation as the gravity load changes. Here, we present the results obtained in 2 species exposed both to G and HG. Adult toadfish, Opsanus tau, were exposed to G in 2 short-duration shuttle missions and to 1.4 2.24G [resultant] centrifugation for 1-32 days; re-adaptation was studied following 1-8 days after return to 1G. Results show a biphasic pattern in response to 2.24G: initial hypersensitivity, similar to that observed after G exposure, followed by transition to a significant decrease at 16-32 days. Recovery from HG exposure is 4-8 days. Two major pieces of information are still needed: vertebrate hair cell response to altered gravity and impact of longer duration exposures on sensory plasticity. To address the latter we applied electron microscopic techniques to image otoconia mass obtained from 1) mice subjected to 91-days of weightlessness in the Mouse Drawer System (MDS) flown on International Space Station, 2) mice subjected to 91-days of 1.24G centrifugation on ground, and 3) mice flown on 2 short-duration orbital missions. Images indicate a clear restructuring of individual otoconia, suggesting deposition to the outer shell. Images from their HG counterparts indicate the converse - an ablation of the otoconia mass. For shorter duration exposures to weightlessness on 13-day shuttle missions mice otoconia appear normal. Despite the permanence of 1G in evolution the animal senses exposure to a novel, non-1G, environment and adaptive mechanisms are initiated - in the short term compensation is likely confined to the peripheral sensory receptors, the brain or both. For longer exposures structural modifications of the endorgan may also result

Effect of transient pinning on stability of drops sitting on an inclined plane

We report on new instabilities of the quasi-static equilibrium of water drops pinned by a hydrophobic inclined substrate. The contact line of a statically pinned drop exhibits three transitions of partial depinning: depinning of the advancing and receding parts of the contact line and depinning of the entire contact line leading to the drop's translational motion. We find a region of parameters where the classical Macdougall-Ockrent-Frenkel approach fails to estimate the critical volume of the statically pinned inclined drop

Polystyrene-based nanocomposites with different fillers: fabrication and mechanical properties

The paper presents a comprehensive analysis of elastic properties of polystyrene-based nanocomposites filled with different types of inclusions: small spherical particles (SiO2 and Al2O3), alumosilicates (montmorillonite, halloysite natural tubules and Mica) and carbon nanofillers (carbon black and multi-walled carbon nanotubes). Composites were fabricated by melt technology. The analysis of composite melts showed that the introduction of Montmorillonite, Multi-walled carbon nanotubes, and Al2O3 particles provided an increase in melt viscosity by an average of 2 to 5 orders of magnitude over the pure polystyrene. Block samples of composites with different filler concentrations were prepared, and their linear and nonlinear elastic properties were studied. The introduction of more rigid particles led to a more profound increase in the elastic modulus of the composite, with the highest rise of about 80% obtained with carbon fillers. Carbon black particles provided also an enhanced strength at break of about 20% higher than that of pure polystyrene. The nonlinear elastic moduli of composites were shown to be more sensitive to addition of filler particles to the polymer matrix than the linear ones. The nonlinearity coefficient $\beta$ comprising the combination of linear and nonlinear elastic moduli of a material demonstrated considerable changes correlating with changes of the Young's modulus. The absolute value of $\beta$ showed rise in 1.5-1.6 times in the CB- and HNT-containing composites as compared to that of pure PS. The changes in nonlinear elasticity of fabricated composites were compared with measurements of the parameters of bulk nonlinear strain waves in them. Variations of wave velocity and decay decrement correlated with observed enhancement of materials nonlinearity

СТРАТЕГИИ УНИВЕРСИТЕТОВ В УПРАВЛЕНИИ ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНЫМ КАПИТАЛОМ В РАМКАХ КОНЦЕПЦИИ УМНОГО ГОРОДА: ОБЗОР ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ

Smart City is the basic concept of urban development; it is based on technological solutions and intellectual capital. The universities are the principal structures developing the intellectual capital in the modern society. They often have the necessary technologies, but there is a significant gap between the existing solutions at the universities and their implementation in smart city. The origin of this problem is in the improper procedure of transferring these solutions from university to the city, business, state. The goal of this research is to present the existing possibilities of the universities in creating, developing, transferring and implementing the intellectual capital for the development of smart city. There presented the models of intellectual capital, intellectual capital is considered as an intellectual asset and its management is considered in accordance with the different types of the university. This procedure becomes possible due to the proper narrative literature review. Therefore, the described methodology of the literature review, integrating the various options of writing the systematic and the narrative reviews, is of special value.Умный город – фундаментальное понятие городского развития, которое основано на технологических решениях и интеллектуальном капитале. Университеты – основные структуры, развивающие интеллектуальный капитал в современном обществе. У них зачастую имеются необходимые технологии, но существует значительный разрыв между имеющимися решениями в университетах и их внедрением в умном городе. Эта проблема возникла в связи с отсутствием трансфера знаний и, следовательно, передачи этих решений от университета городу, бизнесу, государству. Цель данного исследования состоит в том, чтобы представить существующие возможности университетов в создании, развитии, передаче и осуществлении интеллектуального капитала для развития умного города. В статье представлены модели интеллектуального капитала, который рассматривают как интеллектуальный актив, а его управление зависит от различных типов университета. В статье разработана оригинальная авторская методика проведения литературного обзора, в результате которой описаны возможные пути решения проблемы

The youth employment strategies in the Sverdlovsk region

Статья посвящена изучению стратегий трудоустройства и занятости молодежи на основе исследования, проведенного в одном из наиболее крупных индустриальных регионов России – Свердловской области. В ходе исследования опрошено 2512 молодых людей в возрасте от 14 до 30 лет. В статье отмечается, что молодежь считает наиболее важными проблемами своего трудоустройства отсутствие профессионального опыта и несоответствие уровня профессиональной подготовки требованиям работодателя. Исследованы наиболее эффективные способы поиска работы молодежью, ориентации молодых людей на смену профессии и работы, удовлетворенность своей профессиональной деятельностью. Согласно результатам исследования качественное высшее образование и высокий уровень профессиональной квалификации являются наиболее важными ресурсами гарантии трудоустройства и возможности доступа к более привлекательной занятости для молодежи.The article is devoted to the study of youth employment strategies on the basis of a study conducted in one of the largest industrial regions of Russia - Sverdlovsk Region. The study interviewed 2512 young people aged between 14 and 30 years. The article notes: young people consider that the most important issues of his employment is the lack of professional experience and the discrepancy of а level training to а requirements of employer. We studied the most effective ways to find work for young people, orientation of young people to change а profession or employment, the satisfaction of their professional activities. According to the study quality higher education and a high level of professional qualifications are the most important resources of the guarantee of employment and access to more attractive employment for young people