Библиотеки как интеграторы электронных ресурсов историко-биографической информации

The article considers the role and possibilities of libraries in formation and integration of the resources of biographical information on the personalities of history and culture of the past. There is analyzed the experience of a number of the world’s largest libraries in accumulating and systematization of printed and electronic biographical information resources, implementation of the scientific-methodical and consultancy work with readers, preparation of guides to collections of libraries, biobibliographic references, dictionaries and reference books.Рассмотрены место и возможности библиотек в формировании и интеграции ресурсов биографической информации о деятелях истории и культуры прошлого. Анализируется опыт ряда крупнейших библиотек мира в собирании и систематизации печатных и электронных биографических информационных ресурсов, осуществлении научно-методической и консультативной работы с читателями, подготовке путеводителей по фондам библиотек, биобиблиографических указателей, словарей и справочников

Взаимодействие диатомовых водорослей Pseudo-nitzschia hasleana и Thalassiosira pseudonana в смешанной культуре

Представители рода Pseudo-nitzschia (Bacillariophyta) вызывают цветения в разных районах Мирового океана, поэтому важно знать экологические особенности этих видов, в том числе то, как они взаимодействуют с другими видами одноклеточных водорослей. Кроме того, необходима методика быстрой идентификации данных водорослей в среде. В связи с этим нами оценена динамика численности клеток Pseudo-nitzschia hasleana и Thalassiosira pseudonana в моно- и смешанных культурах путём их прямого подсчёта в камере Нажотта. Также проанализированы температурные кривые флуоресценции хлорофилла a, полученные методом лазерно-индуцированной флуоресценции в температурной камере. Опыты проводили в течение 14 суток. Показано, что P. hasleana оказывала различное действие на T. pseudonana в зависимости от начальной численности T. pseudonana. При начальной концентрации 0,8 × 104 кл.·мл−1 происходила выраженная стимуляция роста этой диатомовой водоросли. При начальных концентрациях 1,6 × 104 и 3,2 × 104 кл.·мл−1 отмечено ингибирование её роста. В смешанной культуре T. pseudonana оставалась в стационарной фазе роста, тогда как в монокультуре популяция входила в фазу отмирания к 14-м суткам опыта. T. pseudonana ингибировала рост P. hasleana. Эксперимент с совместным культивированием P. hasleana и T. pseudonana показал, что на флуоресценцию хлорофилла a смеси оказывает большее воздействие та микроводоросль, концентрация которой значительно выше. Флуоресцентный сигнал двух культивируемых отдельно монокультур потенциально может быть использован для их поиска в смеси

Biosensors Based on Micro-algae for Ecological Monitoring of the Aquatic Environment

This chapter is devoted to research possibilities of using micro-algae as sensor elements for biological sensors of aquatic pollutants. The characteristics of the fluorescence of micro-algae pigments caused by laser light, called laser-induced fluorescence (LIF), were used as informative parameters. It is shown that the functioning of biological sensors is determined by the consistency and concentration of micro-algal cells as well as their internal state, which depends on the temperature, illumination, and chemical composition of the water. The results indicate a significant dependence of the LIF intensities of micro-algae from exposure of heavy metal ions, temperature, and illumination. In text is demonstrated specificity of the reaction of various micro-algae, belonging to different phylum. This fact can be used for identify the phylum of micro-algae in situ, and for the creation the biosensors of ecological monitoring aquatic environment

Escherichia coli stress response systems and their reaction to terahertz radiation

In this review, we summarize the latest data concerning the reactions of Escherichia coli to nonthermal terahertz radiation and the underlying molecular mechanisms. E. coli is the most simple and convenient model object for studying the effects of terahertz radiation: both its genetics and metabolism are well studied, and it is easily amenable to genetic engineering allowing one to create biosensors using promoters of genes activated by certain stress factors and the reporter GFP protein. Transformed E. coli cells containing biosensors can be used to visualize their reactions to terahertz radiation based on the intensity of GFP fluorescence. In this review, we present data on the response of certain E. сoli stress response systems to terahertz radiation obtained by us, as well as by other authors. We discuss experimental results for E. сoli/ pKatG-GFP, E. сoli/pCopA-GFP, and E. сoli/ pEmrR-GFP biosensors that are used to detect E. сoli genetic networks responding to oxidative stress, copper ion homeostasis failures, and antiseptics, respectively. The obtained data indicate that exposure to nonthermal terahertz radiation induces E. сoli gene networks of oxidative stress and copper ion homeostasis, but does not activate those responding to antibiotics, protonophores, or superoxide anions. The fact that E. сoli/pKatG-GFP and E. сoli/pCopA-GFP biosensors have different activation and reaction periods when exposed to terahertz radiation and natural inducers suggests that reactions of oxidative stress and copper ion homeostasis systems to terahertz radiation are specific

Evaluation and Visualization of Pathway Efficiency based on Subcellular Protein Localizations (Workshop Abstract)

Popik OV, Sommer B, Hofestädt R, Ivanisenko VA. Evaluation and Visualization of Pathway Efficiency based on Subcellular Protein Localizations (Workshop Abstract). In: Sommer B, ed. Proceedings of the CELLmicrocosmos neXt workshop. Bielefeld: Bielefeld University; 2014: 9-10

Impact of stress on the eating behavior of students of the Ural state medical

The purpose of the study is an analysis and evaluation of the diet of students during the session to identify the impact of stress on their diet.Цель исследования – анализ и оценка рациона у студентов во время сессии для выявления влияния стресса на их питание и разработки рекомендаций по его улучшению

The impact of terahertz radiation on an extremophilic archaean Halorubrum saccharovorum proteome

Nonthermal effects of terahertz radiation on living objects are currently intensely studied, as more sources of this radiation type and devices employing it are being constructed. Terahertz radiation is increasingly used in security and inspection systems, medical and scientific appliances due to its low quant energy, which does not cause severe effects on organisms as other radiation types with higher quant energies do. The aim of this study was the identification of protein complexes participating in the response of the archaea Halorubrum saccharovorum H3 isolated from an extreme natural environment to terahertz radiation. We developed a microfluidic system for irradiation of bacterial and archaeal cultures with terahertz radiation and performed a 5-hour-long exposure of H. saccharovorum to terahertz radiation at a wavelength of 130 μm and a power density of 0.8 Wt per cm2 for 5 h. We identified under- or overexpressed proteins in response to terahertz radiation using 2D electrophoresis with subsequent MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. A total of 16 differentially expressed protein fractions with at least 1.5-fold changes in expression level were detected. The obtained data suggest that Halorubrum cells respond to exposure to terahertz radiation by expression changes in gene products involved in translation regulation

Memantine increases NMDA receptor level in the prefrontal cortex but fails to reverse apomorphine-induced conditioned place preference in rats

Studies have shown that inflammation and neurodegeneration may accompany the development of addiction to apomorphine and that the glutamate NMDA receptor antagonist, memantine, may be neuroprotective. The similarity between apomorphine and dopamine with regard to their chemical, pharmacological and toxicological properties provided a basis for investigating the mechanism of action of the former agent. In this study, we investigated whether memantine would suppress apomorphine-seeking behavior in rats subjected to apomorphine-induced place preference conditioning, through modulation of NMDA receptors in the prefrontal cortex. Repeated apomorphine (1 mg/kg) treatment induced conditioned place preference (CPP) and had no significant effect on NMDA receptor levels in the prefrontal cortex. Prior treatment with memantine (5 mg/kg or 10 mg/kg) increased the levels of NMDA receptors in the prefrontal cortex but did not suppress CPP induced by apomorphine. These data give further support to the addictive effect of apomorphine and demonstrate that blockade of NMDA receptors by memantine is unable to suppress apomorphine-seeking behavior

Surfactant protein D inhibits HIV-1 infection of target cells via interference with gp120-CD4 interaction and modulates pro-inflammatory cytokine production

© 2014 Pandit et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.Surfactant Protein SP-D, a member of the collectin family, is a pattern recognition protein, secreted by mucosal epithelial cells and has an important role in innate immunity against various pathogens. In this study, we confirm that native human SP-D and a recombinant fragment of human SP-D (rhSP-D) bind to gp120 of HIV-1 and significantly inhibit viral replication in vitro in a calcium and dose-dependent manner. We show, for the first time, that SP-D and rhSP-D act as potent inhibitors of HIV-1 entry in to target cells and block the interaction between CD4 and gp120 in a dose-dependent manner. The rhSP-D-mediated inhibition of viral replication was examined using three clinical isolates of HIV-1 and three target cells: Jurkat T cells, U937 monocytic cells and PBMCs. HIV-1 induced cytokine storm in the three target cells was significantly suppressed by rhSP-D. Phosphorylation of key kinases p38, Erk1/2 and AKT, which contribute to HIV-1 induced immune activation, was significantly reduced in vitro in the presence of rhSP-D. Notably, anti-HIV-1 activity of rhSP-D was retained in the presence of biological fluids such as cervico-vaginal lavage and seminal plasma. Our study illustrates the multi-faceted role of human SPD against HIV-1 and potential of rhSP-D for immunotherapy to inhibit viral entry and immune activation in acute HIV infection. © 2014 Pandit et al.The work (Project no. 2011-16850) was supported by Medical Innovation Fund of Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India (www.icmr.nic.in/)

X4 Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 gp120 Promotes Human Hepatic Stellate Cell Activation and Collagen I Expression through Interactions with CXCR4

<div><h3>Background & Aims</h3><p>Patients coinfected with HIV-1 and HCV develop more rapid liver fibrosis than patients monoinfected with HCV. HIV RNA levels correlate with fibrosis progression implicating HIV directly in the fibrotic process. While activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) express the 2 major HIV chemokine coreceptors, CXCR4 and CCR5, little is known about the pro-fibrogenic effects of the HIV-1 envelope protein, gp120, on HSCs. We therefore examined the <em>in vitro</em> impact of X4 gp120 on HSC activation, collagen I expression, and underlying signaling pathways and examined the <em>in vivo</em> expression of gp120 in HIV/HCV coinfected livers.</p> <h3>Methods</h3><p>Primary human HSCs and LX-2 cells, a human HSC line, were challenged with X4 gp120 and expression of fibrogenic markers assessed by qRT-PCR and Western blot +/− either CXCR4-targeted shRNA or anti-CXCR4 neutralizing antibody. Downstream intracellular signaling pathways were evaluated with Western blot and pre-treatment with specific pathway inhibitors. Gp120 immunostaining was performed on HIV/HCV coinfected liver biopsies.</p> <h3>Results</h3><p>X4 gp 120 significantly increased expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin (a-SMA) and collagen I in HSCs which was blocked by pre-incubation with either CXCR4-targeted shRNA or anti-CXCR4 neutralizing antibody. Furthermore, X4 gp120 promoted Extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 phosphorylation and pretreatment with an ERK inhibitor attenuated HSC activation and collagen I expression. Sinusoidal staining for gp120 was evident in HIV/HCV coinfected livers.</p> <h3>Conclusions</h3><p>X4 HIV-1 gp120 is pro-fibrogenic through its interactions with CXCR4 on activated HSCs. The availability of small molecule inhibitors to CXCR4 make this a potential anti-fibrotic target in HIV/HCV coinfected patients.</p> </div