All the Lagrangian relative equilibria of the curved 3-body problem have equal masses

We consider the 3-body problem in 3-dimensional spaces of nonzero constant Gaussian curvature and study the relationship between the masses of the Lagrangian relative equilibria, which are orbits that form a rigidly rotating equilateral triangle at all times. There are three classes of Lagrangian relative equilibria in 3-dimensional spaces of constant nonzero curvature: positive elliptic and positive elliptic-elliptic, on 3-spheres, and negative elliptic, on hyperbolic 3-spheres. We prove that all these Lagrangian relative equilibria exist only for equal values of the masses.Comment: 11 page

Using Quantitative Methods as Support for Audit of the Distributed Informatics Systems

This paper highlights some issues regarding how an indicators system must be developed and used in an audit process. Distributed systems are presented from de points of view of their main properties, architectures, applications, software quality characteristics and the scope of audit process in such systems. The audit process is defined in accordance to standard ISO 19011 and the main characteristics of this process are highlighted. Before using quantitative methods in audit processes, the framework in which the indicators are built must be defined. There are presented types of indicators used in audit process and classes of measurement scale. An audit process is carried out on different levels and support indicators must be in accordance to audit object. The paper presents some requirements of the indicators depending on the level of audit.Quantitative Methods, Audit Process, Distributed Informatics System

Automatic hydraulic fracturing design for low permeability reservoirs using artificial intelligence

The hydraulic fracturing technique is one of the major developments in petroleum engineering in the last two decades. Today, nearly all the wells completed in low permeability gas reservoirs require a hydraulic fracturing treatment in order to produce at an economical level. This study presents a new methodology, applicable to tight gas reservoirs, for designing hydraulic fractures.;This study is intended to develop an automatic hydraulic fracture design tool to help users design fracture jobs without being an expert in the art and science of hydraulic fracturing. This process is composed entirely of an integration of several artificial intelligence techniques.;The methodology consists of three modules: formation stress determination, optimum treatment design and net treatment pressure prediction. The first module combines the classic approach of stress calculations with a fuzzy lithology identification system to better characterize the reservoir and estimate the stress profile. The result of this module is essential for the fracture treatment design. The second module incorporates an optimization system composed of neural networks and a genetic algorithm to search for the optimum treatment design. The third, and final, module is designed to predict the net treating pressure expected during fracturing. A one-dimensional vector quantization technique samples and extracts the main characteristic of the pressure profile. The net treatment pressure neural network generates the main features of the pressure profile and then reconstructs the entire signal.;The methodology was integrated in a computer program aimed to help petroleum engineers design optimum treatment schedules and predict net treatment pressure for hydraulic fracturing. This tool is designed to reduce the engineering time for designing optimum treatment schedules

The Informatics Audit

The demand for qualitative and reliable information in order to support decision-making is continuously increasing. On the other hand, the cost of software production and maintenance is raising dramatically as a consequence of the increasing complexity of software systems and the need for better designed and user friendly programs. The huge amount of data the organizations face needs human, financial, and material resources to collect, checks, analyze and use it. All these aspects impose to develop activities in order to obtain better outcomes with less resources. The Informatics Audit is one of such kind of activities. This paper presents some Informatics Audit basic concepts.it audit, software cost, maintenance, system complexity

Elementele strategiei de cuantificare în aspect istoric şi în sistemul contemporan de sănătate

Strategia generală managerială “cuantifi care” se aplică pe larg în domeniul sănătăţii. Implementarea ei este esenţială pentru funcţionarea sistemului contemporan de sănătate, deoarece anume rezultatele cuantifi cării contribuie atât la optimizarea distribuţiei resurselor în sistemul de sănătate, cât şi la aprecierea corectă a efi cacităţii diferitelor intervenţii în domeniul sănătăţii. Schema de prezentare ierarhizată a elementelor strategice, propusă în lucrarea noastră ştiinţifi că, facilitează aplicarea practică a acestei strategii importante de sănătate

Corelaţia dintre strategiile de sănătate şi alte strategii comunitare

Strategia internaţională generală de sănătate “abordarea integraţionistă” reprezintă una dintre strategiile de bază din domeniul sănătăţii, iar prioritatea ei este fi xată în documentele strategice ale Uniunii Europene. Abordarea integraţionistă este în special importantă în elaborarea şi realizarea politicilor şi strategiilor care se desfăşoară la nivelele macro- şi microeconomic, în domeniul securităţii, în cursul proceselor educaţionale, în cadrul iniţiativelor de dezvoltare a industriei alimentare, în problemele ecologice, transportului şi infrastructurii, în industria de construcţii

Exudative psoriasis and metabolic comorbidities

Generalităţi. Sindromul metabolic (SM) – o stare de inflamaţie cronică sistemică, indusă și întreţinută de o multitudine de factori de risc, endogeni și exogeni, interrelaţionaţi prin diverse mecanisme fiziopatologice de înaltă complexitate, natura cărora nu este elucidată complet până în prezent. Pentru stabilirea diagnosticului, sunt necesare cel puţin 3 din următoarele 5 stări patologice: 1) obezitate abdominală (> 102 la bărbaţi, > 88 la femei); 2) reglarea defectuoasă a glucozei (≥ 5,6 mmoli/l); 3) hipertrigliceridemie (≥ 1,7 mmoli/l); 4) niveluri HDL scăzute (< 1,0 mmoli/l la bărbaţi, < 1,3 mmoli/l la femei); 5) hipertensiune arterială (TA sistolică ≥ 130 mm Hg, TA diastolică ≥ 85 mm Hg). Se dezvoltă mai frecvent la barbaţi, iar la femei se observă mai des în perioada climacterică. Obezitatea abdominală este incriminată direct în dezvoltarea SM. Grăsimea intraabdominală – „organ endocrin”, care secretă adipocitokine: a) interleukina 6 (IL-6); b) factorul de necroză tumorală α (TNF-α); c) adiponectina (AdipoQ); d) Plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1). Psoriazisul (Ps) şi obezitatea au mediatori comuni ai inflamaţiei: TNF- α şi IL-6. Promotorii inflamaţiei în obezitate şi în Ps – adipocitele şi macrofagii – derivă dintr-o origine mezotelială comună. Ps şi obezitatea sunt asociate cu nivelurile crescute de TNF-α atât sistemic, cât şi local. La fel ca Ps, SM este caracterizat printr-o activitate imunologică sporită a celulelor T-helper 1, sugerând că Ps poate fi asociat cu SM datorită căilor inflamatoare comune. Adiţional, la asemănările imunologice ale Ps şi SM, există câteva gene comune – HLA-CW6, B27 etc., ceea ce determină această gamă vastă de manifestări. Material şi metode. În contextul celor comentate mai sus, ne-am propus evaluarea aspectelor epidemiologice, etiopatogenice şi clinico-evolutive ale SM pe un lot de pacienţi cu Ps exudativ, în vederea optimizării conceptului despre rolul şi importanţa depistării SM, pe de o parte, a unei abordări mai eficiente în plan de diagnostic, iar ulterior, şi de tratament al Ps, pe de altă parte. Lucrarea a fost realizată pe un lot de 92 de pacienţi (71 de femei şi 21 de bărbaţi) cu Ps artropatic, având comorbidităţi similare celor descrise în SM, care au fost trataţi în perioada 2013-2014, în secţia reumatologie a IMSP Spitalul Clinic Republican. Studiul s-a bazat pe metoda retrospectivă de cercetare. Rezultate obţinute. Cei mai mulţi dintre pacienţi (48%), au avut vârste cuprinse între 35 şi 55 de ani, 46% dintre bolnavi au avut vârsta de peste 55 de ani, restul pacienţilor (6%) având vârste între 18 şi 35 de ani. Cele mai importante acuze au fost: lombalgii (69%), dureri în articulaţiile mici ale mâinilor (60%), dureri în articulaţiile talo-crurale (41%) şi redoare matinală (38%). De asemenea, 49% dintre bolnavi au prezentat parestezii ale membrelor superioare şi inferioare, 47% - cefalee, iar 34% - fatigabilitate. Sub aspect heredocolateral, 30% dintre pacienţi au remarcat hipertensiune arterială la rude de gradul 1, 23% - psoriazis la rude de gradul 1 şi 2, iar 4% - diabet zaharat la rude de gradul 1. Majoritatea pacienţilor (73%), s-au tratat anterior şi la medicul dermatolog, 28% dintre ei prezentând erupţii cutanate la momentul spitalizării. Din punct de vedere clinic, predomină formele poliarticulare asimetrice – 72%, iar sub aspect serologic şi radiologic prevalează spondiloartritele seronegative, gradul de activitate II, stadiul Ro II, IFA II – 85%. La 20% dintre bolnavi s-a semnalat diabet zaharat, tip 2, respectiv alterarea toleranţei la glucoză. Menţionăm, de asemenea, valori crescute ale colesterolului (59%) şi trigliceridelor (28%). Examenul Eco-Doppler a permis depistarea insuficienţei valvulei tricuspidale, gradul I-II (81%), insuficienţei valvulei mitrale, gradul I-II (80%), induraţia valvulei mitrale (56%), induraţia valvulei aortale (48%), dilatarea atriului stâng (46%) şi hipertrofia ventriculului stâng (45%). Concluzii. Aşadar, asocierea Ps exudativ cu SM, constituie o problemă majoră, interdisciplinară, atât sub aspect clinic (dermatologie, reumatologie, cardiologie, endocrinologie), cât şi sub aspect social (dizabilitate fizică şi emoţională, pierderea capacităţii de muncă). SM constituie un teren favorabil pentru întreţinerea şi agravarea Ps exudativ, în special cel artropatic. La pacienţii cu Ps exudativ, amplituda manifestărilor articulare este proporţională cu diversitatea şi severitatea manifestărilor metabolice asociate. Iată de ce, pacienţii cu Ps exudativ, care prezintă concomitent şi SM, necesită o abordare amplă, multidisciplinară, în primul rând, sub aspect clinic (inclusiv consultaţia altor specialişti – cardiolog, reumatolog, endocrinolog etc.), în al doilea rând, sub aspect paraclinic (probele biochimice şi imune, testele radiologice şi ultrasonografice, inclusiv Eco-Doppler, tomografie computerizată etc.), ceea ce ar facilita stabilirea unui diagnostic precoce, complex şi corect, o abordare mai reuşită în contextul pasului următor – managementul terapeutic.Overview. Metabolic syndrome is a systemic, chronic, inflammatory condition, which is induced and, respectively, maintained by a group of exogenous and endogenous factors, which interacts via different and complex pathophysiological mechanisms, nature of this process hasn’t been elucidated yet. Diagnosis can be established only if 3 of 5 pathological states are present in the patient, as follows: 1) abdominal obesity (>102 in males, > 88 in females); 2) glucose intolerance (≥ 5,6 mmol/l); 3) hypertriglyceridemia (≥1,7 mmol/l); 4) decreased level of HDL cholesterol (<1,0 mmol/l in males, < 1,3 mmol/l in females); 5) arterial hypertension (systolic BP ≥130 mm Hg, diastolic BP ≥ 85 mm Hg). It is frequently encountered in men, but in women it occurs in menopause period. Abdominal obesity is pointed out as a major factor in metabolic syndrome development. Intra-abdominal fat tissue is an “endocrinal organ” which produces adipocytokines: a) interleukin 6 (IL-6); b) tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α); c) adiponectin (AdipoQ); d) plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1). Both, psoriasis (Ps) and obesity are induced by the same inflammatory mediators: TNF- α and IL-6. Adipocytes and macrophages, which are inflammatory promotional factors, derive from the same mesothelial tissue. Ps and obesity are both associated with systemic, as well as local, high levels of TNF-α. Metabolic syndrome, similar to psoriasis, is characterized by an increased immunological activity of Th1 cells, assuming that Ps may be associated with MS via common inflammatory mechanisms. In addition to immunological similarities MS, as well as Ps, have a few genes in common – HLA-Cw6, B27 etc. – which determines various clinical symptoms. Material and methods. Taking into consideration all mentioned above, researchers aimed to evaluate epidemiological, ethiopathogenic and clinicoevolutive aspects of MS in a group of patients with exudative Ps, for optimization of concept about the role and importance of MS on the one hand, and to enhance diagnostic and therapy options for Ps management on the other hand. A total number of 92 patients (71 females and 21 males) with Ps arthritis and associated comorbidities similar to those which occur in MS, who were treated in Republican Hospital during 2013-2014, were included in this study. A retrospective research has been done. Results. Age of majority of the patients, 48%, was from 35 till 55 years old, 46% of patients aged more than 55 years old; other 6% were 18-35 years old. The most important complaints were: lombalagia (69%), arthralgia in small joints of the hands (60%), arthralgia in talocrural joints (41%), as well as, morning stiffness (38%). Also, 49% of patients have presented paresthesias in both upper and lower limbs, 47% - headache, but 34% - general weakness. Some of the patients had an aggravated heredity, as follows: in 30% of cases the 1st degree relatives suffered from arterial hypertension, in 23% of cases – from psoriasis, and in 4% of cases – from diabetes mellitus. Majority of the patients, 73%, were previously treated by dermatologists, 28% of them had skin lesions during the research. Clinically a predominance of the asymmetric polyarthritis was established in 72% of cases, but serologically, as well as radiologically, a prevalence of seronegative spondyloarthropathy with the 2nd activity degree, Ro II phase, IFA II was detected in 85% of cases. In 20% of patients a type II diabetes mellitus was established, respectively with glucose intolerance. Also, it is important to mention increased levels of cholesterol 59%) and triglycerides (28%). Eco-Doppler method has revealed patients with tricuspid valve insufficiency, I-II degree (81%), mitral valve insufficiency, I-II degree (80%), mitral valve induration (56%), aortal valve induration (48%), left atrium dilation (46%) and left ventricle hypertrophy (45%). Conclusions. Thus, association of exudative Ps with MS represents a main interdisciplinary problem, both from clinical (dermatology, rheumatology cardiology, endocrinology) and from social point of view (emotional and physical disability, loss of work capacity). MS creates a favorable base for maintenance and progression of exudative Ps, especially arthritis. In patients with exudative Ps, oscillation of joint manifestations is proportional to diversity and severity of associated metabolic disturbances. This is why patients who suffer from exudative Ps and simultaneously had MS need a complex, multidisciplinary approach, first of all clinical inspection (consultation of cardiologist, rheumatologist, endocrinologist etc.), secondary paraclinical examinations (blood biochemistry and immune system tests, X-ray and ultrasound investigations, inclusive Eco-Doppler, computed tomography etc.), which can facilitate an early establishment of correct and complex diagnosis, that will lead to a better management