Effect of FSP-inserted Cu on Physicochemical Properties of Cu/Al2O3 Catalyst

The copper inserted on Cu/Al2O3 catalysts with various Cu loading (10-40 wt%) were synthesized via flame spray pyrolysis (FSP). These catalysts were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), N2 physisorption, temperature programmed reduction (TPR) and X-ray absorption near edge spectroscopy (XANES). The XRD results confirmed the formation of copper aluminate spinel (CuAl2O4) on the FSP-inserted Cu catalyst. The CuO crystallite size of the Cu/Al2O3 catalysts was increased with increasing Cu loading during the flame spray pyrolysis step. The incorporation of copper and aluminum precursors during the flame spray pyrolysis step can inhibit the growth of Al2O3 particles resulting in higher BET surface area and smaller particle size than pure Al2O3 support. The data from TPR and XANES results can predict the ratio of CuO and CuAl2O4 in the FSP-made support. Less than 20 wt% loading of the FSP-inserted Cu showed high concentration of CuAl2O4 phase in the FSP-made material. The composition of CuO and CuAl2O4 phase can be controlled by varying Cu loading in flame spray pyrolysis step. This is a promising alternative way to synthesize the desired catalyst. An example was the catalytic testing of the selective hydrogenolysis of glycerol. The presence of both CuO and CuAl2O4 phases in the Cu/Al2O3 catalyst enhanced the catalytic activity and promoted the selectivity to acetol product. Copyright © 2021 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).

การพัฒนากิจกรรมค่ายอาสาโดยใช้วัฏจักร PAOR เพื่อการเรียนรู้สื่ออีดีแอลทีวี สำหรับโรงเรียนขนาดเล็ก เครือข่ายมหาวิทยาลัยราชภัฏมหาสารคาม

This research aimed to 1) study the contexts and needs in organizing a volunteer training activity with PAOR of eDLTV media learning for small schools in the network of Rajabhat Maha Sarakham University, 2) to develop the volunteer training activity, 3) to study the result of the activity held and 4) to study an usability of eDLTV media of teachers in the small schools mentioned. The research method was based upon ‘four-phase’ research and development processes. The population and sample of this research included 40 small schools in the eDLTV media network of Rajabhat Maha Sarakham University in 4 service areas : Maha Sarakham, Khon Kean, Kalasin and Roi-et provinces. The basic statistics were used in data analysis and the research tools were the volunteer training activity developed, an activity evaluation form and t-test. The research results were as 1) There was a need of school group-participation from 57.21% of the population. In the aspect of the needs in learning eDLTV media, 98.20% preferred to learn in the online-offline form. Also, there was a need from 88.29% of the schools in organizing the additional training activity of eDLTV media duplication. In regards to the duration of activity, 56.76% of those said the activity should be arranged on weekdays (Monday-Friday). 64.41% preferred a 1-day activity. 2) The activity of eDLTV media learning composed of 7 elements: government policies, eDLTV media, small schools, eDLTV media learning, a volunteer training activity, cooperative units and operation’s indicators. The expertise on the framework of the activity organization was at the highest level. The volunteer training activity of eDLTV media learning was consisted of 4 activities: planning, creating cooperation, eDLTV media learning, application of learning media and reflection. The experts’ opinion towards the activity was at the highest level. 3) The learning outcomes of the activity’s participants of all 4 groups gained post-test scores more than 80% with the statistical significance at .05. The evaluation result of such 4 groups in the aspect of eDLTV media, use of online social network and usability of eDLTV media for learning of the small schools’ teachers of all 4 groups gained post-test scores more than 75%. The satisfaction of the population also was at the highest level. 4) The study result of the application of eDLTV media of the small schools’ teachers in the network of the university in accordance with the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT) found that taking eDLTV media to use in learning/teaching processes of the activity’s participants was at the highest level

An Examination of Models of Decision Making in Six Thai Teachers Colleges

176 p.Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1985.The purpose of this research was to study the three academic governance models--bureaucratic, collegial, and political--in six Thai teachers colleges. This study sought to determine which of the three models of decision making best describes present governance structure of these teachers colleges and also to determine which model is preferred by participants in their organizations. It assumes that the decision processes are influenced both by the level at which decisions are made (administrators, chairpersons, faculty) and by the domain of decisions involved (budget, personnel, educational program, and college-in-general). The perceptions and preferences of the three position groups: administrators, chairpersons, and faculty members on the three models of decision making were analyzed and the four domains of decisions were also studied. Due to the differences among colleges, the governance structures of individual colleges were also analyzed. The effects of demographic information: sex, age, length of service in current position, and academic rank, on perceptions of and preferences for the governance models were examined.The study indicated that most of the work in six teachers colleges was carried out under bureaucratic and collegial models. College personnel would prefer their institutions to be more bureaucratic and more collegial than they are. The respondents were satisfied with bureaucratic governance. They perceived and preferred politicization of their institutions the least. Administrators and chairpersons tended to perceive and prefer their institutions to be more bureaucratic than did faculty members. Concerning the decision domains, all three position groups, administrators; chairpersons; and faculty members, perceived and preferred them to be more bureaucratic than the other models.Concerning the respondents in different colleges, the data indicated that the younger the staff in the college, the greater the preference for collegial decisions. Interestingly, respondents in every college did not prefer political activities. They were satisfied with bureaucratic governance and also preferred the collegial model.U of I OnlyRestricted to the U of I community idenfinitely during batch ingest of legacy ETD

Gait smoothness during high-demand motor walking tasks in older adults with mild cognitive impairment.

Early signs of Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI)-related gait deficits may be detected through the performance of complex walking tasks that require high gait control. Gait smoothness is a robust metric of overall body stability during walking. This study aimed to explore gait smoothness during complex walking tasks in older adults with and without MCI. Participants were 18 older adults with MCI (mean age = 67.89 ± 4.64 years) and 18 cognitively intact controls (mean age = 67.72 ± 4.63 years). Gait assessment was conducted under four complex walking tasks: walking a narrow path, walking around an obstacle, horizontal head turns while walking, and vertical head turns while walking. The index of harmonicity (IH), representing gait smoothness associated with overall body stability, was measured in anteroposterior, mediolateral, and vertical directions. A multivariate analysis was employed to compare the differences in IH between groups for each complex walking task. The MCI group demonstrated a reduction of IH in the mediolateral direction during the horizontal head turns than the control group (MCI group = 0.64 ± 0.16, Control group = 0.74 ± 0.12, p = 0.04). No significant differences between groups were found for the IH in other directions or walking conditions. These preliminary findings indicate that older adults with MCI have a decline in step regularity in the mediolateral direction during walking with horizontal head turns. Assessment of the smoothness of walking during head turns may be a useful approach to identifying subtle gait alterations in older adults with MCI, which may facilitate timely gait intervention

Placement of triaxial accelerometer on the lower back at the level of the fifth lumbar vertebra.

Placement of triaxial accelerometer on the lower back at the level of the fifth lumbar vertebra.</p

Gait smoothness while walking under complex motor walking tasks in the MCI and control groups.

Mean, standard deviation, maximum, and minimum values of index of harmonicity of AP, ML, and VT directions for each individual under each complex motor walking task: Walking a narrow path, walking around an obstacle, horizontal head turns while walking, and vertical head turns while walking. (PDF)</p

Gait assessment under complex motor walking tasks.

(A) Walking a narrow path, (B) Walking around an obstacle, (C) Walking straight while the horizontal head turns, and (D) Walking straight while the vertical head turns.</p

The IH values of the MCI and control groups under complex motor walking tasks.

The IH values of the MCI and control groups under complex motor walking tasks.</p

Participant characteristics in the control and MCI groups (N = 36).

Participant characteristics in the control and MCI groups (N = 36).</p