Alveolar Macrophages Isolated Directly From Human Cytomegalovirus (HCMV)-Seropositive Individuals Are Sites of HCMV Reactivation In Vivo.

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) causes significant morbidity in the immunocompromised host. Following primary infection, the virus establishes latent infection in progenitor cells of the myeloid lineage. These cells exhibit limited viral gene transcription and no evidence of de novo virion production. It is well recognized that differentiation of latently infected myeloid progenitor cells to dendritic or macrophage-like cells permits viral reactivation in vitro. This has been used to support the concept that viral reactivation in HCMV carriers routinely occurs from such terminally differentiated myeloid cells in vivo. However, to date this has not been shown for in vivo-differentiated macrophages. This study is the first to demonstrate that alveolar macrophages from HCMV carriers express immediate early lytic genes and produce infectious virus. This supports the view, until now based on in vitro data, that terminally differentiated myeloid cells in vivo are sites of HCMV reactivation and potential centers of viral dissemination in latently infected individuals with no evidence of virus disease or dissemination.This work was supported by the UK Medical Research Council (grant 0701279 to J. S.) and the National Institute for Health Research UK Biomedical Research Centre (to J. S. and E. R. C.).This is the final published version. It first appeared at http://jid.oxfordjournals.org/content/211/12/1936

Divided government and significant legislation: A History of Congress from 1789 to 2010

This article presents and analyzes the most comprehensive database to date of significant acts of Congress—from 1789 to 2010—to test whether divided party control of government affects the number of important acts Congress passes. We find that unified control corresponds with one additional significant act passed per Congress in the nineteenth century and four additional such acts in the twentieth century. However, party control of government cannot explain the broad historical trends in the rate at which Congress passes significant legislation. Nixon in 1969 was far more successful with a Democratic Congress than was McKinley in 1897 with a Republican one

Senior Recital: Joseph Poole, bass trombone

This recital is presented in partial fulfillment of requirements for the degree Bachelor of Music in Performance. Mr. Poole studies bass trombone with Brian Hecht.https://digitalcommons.kennesaw.edu/musicprograms/1245/thumbnail.jp

Measuring the hydraulic functionality of PPP-managed water supply infrastructure in Madagascar

This paper presents results from an on-going study that is aimed at developing continuous, objective tools for evaluating the performance of water system functionality. An additional goal of this study is to explore external factors that influence sustainability in order to better understand the effectiveness of PPP managed water systems. Pressure transducers were installed in water system storage tanks to continuously measure water levels and allow determination of supply/demand flows, and functionality in terms of water delivery was assessed using tank level thresholds and service provision levels of access. Both systems studied exhibited high functionality despite different contextual factors, and metered data was used to verify consumption estimates. The objective of this paper is to demonstrate the use of monitoring tools such as this to better inform planning, needed to achieve universal access

Corrigendum: The Expression of Human Cytomegalovirus MicroRNA MiR-UL148D during Latent Infection in Primary Myeloid Cells Inhibits Activin A-triggered Secretion of IL-6.

Scientific Reports 6: Article number: 31205; published online: 05 August 2016; updated: 26 September 2016. The original version of this Article contained an error in the spelling of the author Immaculada Montanuy which was incorrectly given as Immaculada Sellart. In addition, the Author Contributions Statement contained errors.</jats:p

Human Cytomegalovirus Upregulates Expression of HCLS1 Resulting in Increased Cell Motility and Transendothelial Migration during Latency.

Human cytomegalovirus establishes a lifelong, latent infection in the human host and can cause significant morbidity and mortality, particularly, in immunocompromised individuals. One established site of HCMV latency and reactivation is in cells of the myeloid lineage. In undifferentiated myeloid cells, such as CD14+ monocytes, virus is maintained latently. We have recently reported an analysis of the total proteome of latently infected CD14+ monocytes, which identified an increase in hematopoietic lineage cell-specific protein (HCLS1). Here we show that this latency-associated upregulation of HCLS1 occurs in a US28-dependent manner and stabilizes actin structure in latently infected cells. This results in their increased motility and ability to transit endothelial cell layers. Thus, latency-associated increases in monocyte motility could aid dissemination of the latently infected reservoir, and targeting this increased motility could have an impact on the ability of latently infected monocytes to distribute to tissue sites of reactivation.This work was funded by the British Medical Research Council, Grant from the British Medical Research Council (Grant G0701279) and the Cambridge NIHR BRC Cell Phenotyping Hub

Optical measurement of contact forces using frustrated total internal reflection

A simple device based on the principle of frustrated total internal reflection is used to image the regions of contact between rubber objects and a large-area perspex waveguide. Measurements of the intensity of light scattered at the interface are found to depend upon the magnitude of the applied force, the mechanical properties of the contacting material, and the roughness of the contacting objects. The intensity-force response is found to have the same functional dependence irrespective of the position on the waveguide surface, but to scale by an amount that is proportional to the local intensity of light incident on the perspex-object interface. Once this spatial variation in intensity is calibrated, the waveguide can be used to perform optical measurements of the forces/pressures exerted on the surface of the waveguide and to generate spatial maps of the pressure at frame rates up to 200 Hz. The resulting optical force platform is used to measure the time-dependent evolution of the pressure distribution beneath a foot and a sports shoe during a foot-strike event. A simple theory is developed to describe the light-scattering phenomenon and to explain the relationship between the scattered light intensity and the applied force