Psychiatric advance directives for people living with schizophrenia, bipolar I disorders, or schizoaffective disorders: Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial – DAiP study

International audienceBackground: Compulsory admission to psychiatric hospital is rising despite serious ethical concerns. Among measures to reduce compulsory admissions, Psychiatric Advance Directives (PAD) are the most promising, with intensive PAD (i.e. facilitated and shared) being the most effective. The aim of the study is to experiment Psychiatric Advance Directives in France

Hérodote

Recoupant d’emblée les champs qui seront ceux de la géographie, de l’ethnographie, de l’histoire et même de la philosophie de l’histoire, fascinée à la fois par l’altérité et par la diversité des peuples et des coutumes, l’Enquête hérodotéenne dialogue sans cesse avec les autres genres et les autres modes de pensée que l’Antiquité nous a légués. Après d’autres travaux, individuels et collectifs, ce recueil d’essais a cherché à cerner les modalités et les enjeux de ce dialogue, mais en y ajoutant celui qui s’est instauré entre Hérodote et ses lecteurs, admiratifs ou critiques, de l’Antiquité jusqu’à nos jours. L’Enquête est donc ici mise en rapport avec l’épopée, la pensée ionienne, le théâtre athénien, mais aussi confrontée à des lectures aussi différentes que celles de Lucien dans l’Antiquité, de Montaigne à la Renaissance et, tout près de nous, de Ryszard Kapuściński ou de Claude Lévi-Strauss. Qu’il s’agisse des grandes questions anthropologiques posées par tout effort de compréhension et de représentation de l’autre ou des choix narratifs qu’implique toute tentative d’écrire l’histoire, cet éclairage pluriel témoigne de l’actualité sans cesse renouvelée de l’entreprise hérodotéenne

A bacterial GW-effector directly targets Arabidopsis Argonaute 1 to suppress PAMP-triggered immunity and cause disease

SUMMARY Pseudomonas syringae ( P. syringae ) type-III effectors were previously found to suppress the Arabidopsis microRNA (miRNA) pathway through unknown mechanisms. Here, we first show that the P. syringae HopT1-1 effector promotes pathogenicity by suppressing the Arabidopsis Argonaute 1 (AGO1)-dependent miRNA pathway. We further demonstrate that HopT1-1 physically interacts with Arabidopsis AGO1 through conserved glycine/tryptophan (GW) motifs. Importantly, this AGO-binding platform was found to be essential for the ability of HopT1-1 to suppress both miRNA activity and PAMP-Triggered Immunity (PTI). These results therefore indicate that the RNA silencing suppression activity of HopT1-1 is intimately coupled to its virulence function. Overall, these findings provide the first evidence that a bacterial effector has evolved to directly target an AGO protein to suppress PTI and cause disease.SUMMARY Pseudomonas syringae ( P. syringae ) type-III effectors were previously found to suppress the Arabidopsis microRNA (miRNA) pathway through unknown mechanisms. Here, we first show that the P. syringae HopT1-1 effector promotes pathogenicity by suppressing the Arabidopsis Argonaute 1 (AGO1)-dependent miRNA pathway. We further demonstrate that HopT1-1 physically interacts with Arabidopsis AGO1 through conserved glycine/tryptophan (GW) motifs. Importantly, this AGO-binding platform was found to be essential for the ability of HopT1-1 to suppress both miRNA activity and PAMP-Triggered Immunity (PTI). These results therefore indicate that the RNA silencing suppression activity of HopT1-1 is intimately coupled to its virulence function. Overall, these findings provide the first evidence that a bacterial effector has evolved to directly target an AGO protein to suppress PTI and cause disease