Análise da lucratividade de duas propriedades de arroz irrigado localizadas no município de Turvo-SC

Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso, apresentado para obtenção do grau de Bacharel, no curso de Ciências Contábeis da Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, UNESC.Este estudo consiste na apuração dos gastos de duas propriedades rurais utilizando o método de custeio variável, com o objetivo de apurar a lucratividade do cultivo do arroz irrigado entre os terrenos próprios e arrendados. A metodologia aplicada se caracteriza como qualitativa, quanto aos objetivos, se trata de uma pesquisa descritiva, os procedimentos utilizados foram o estudo de caso. As informações utilizadas foram extraídas de documentos fornecidos pelo produtor rural que comprovam os gastos com a produção de arroz irrigado, como notas fiscais, recibos, entre outros. Os custos envolvidos na produção de arroz irrigado foram apurados desde a preparação do solo até a colheita e transporte dos grãos, em seguida elaborou-se a Demonstração do Resultado e aplicaram-se os indicadores econômicos, como a Margem de Contribuição, Ponto de Equilíbrio e Margem de Segurança. Os gastos mais representativos foram os referentes aos custos e despesas variáveis, representando 45,07% do faturamento total, alcançando a Margem de Contribuição satisfatória de 54,93%. Por meio dos indicadores econômicos aplicados, conclui-se que esta produção de arroz irrigado é lucrativa, apresentando um lucro líquido de R$ 114.032,48, considerando todos os gastos envolvidos na produção de arroz irrigado nestas propriedades de agricultura familiar

Avaliação dos danos genotóxicos ao DNA de camundongos expostos a hortaliças cultivadas sobre depósitos controlados de rejeitos de carvão

Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso, apresentado para obtenção do grau de Bacharel no curso de Farmácia da Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, UNESC.A mineração de carvão é um dos setores básicos da economia, e fundamental ao desenvolvimento do país, contribuindo de forma significativa para a melhoria da qualidade de vida das presentes e futuras gerações, no entanto é uma atividade com alto nível de poluição ambiental, gerando grandes quantidades de rejeitos e causando disseminação de metais pesados no meio ambiente. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a ocorrência de danos genotóxicos e mutagênicos no DNA de células do sangue periférico, fígado e córtex de camundongos expostos a hortaliças cultivadas em horta experimental construída sobre depósitos controlados de rejeitos do carvão. Para isso utilizou-se a seguinte metodologia, 18 animais foram divididos em 3 grupos conforme o tipo de tratamento: Controle negativo (solução salina 0,9%), suco alface mina, suco alface orgânica. Estes animais receberam uma única administração destas 3 substâncias e após 3h, 6h e 24hs da ingestão foi feita a coleta de sangue. No tempo de 24hs os animais foram mortos por decapitação e foram retirados córtex cerebral, medula e fígado para as demais análises de genotoxicidade/mutagenicidade. Após a coleta do sangue, fígado e córtex realizouse o ensaio cometa para avaliar a genotoxicidade Com a amostra de medula óssea realizou-se o teste de micronúcleo para avaliar o potencial mutagênico. Os resultados indicaram um nível maior de danos para ambos os parâmetros do ensaio cometa nos animais do grupo alface mina em relação aos controles em todas as horas de exposição. Os resultados do teste de micronúcleo não tiveram diferenças estatísticas significativas. Concluímos que o rejeito de carvão é potencialmente genotóxico, e que a alface Lactuta sativa L. pode ser uma boa indicadora na detecção e bioacumulação de metais pesados no ecossistema

RNA-seq in grain unveils fate of neo- and paleopolyploidization events in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Background: Whole genome duplication is a common evolutionary event in plants. Bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a good model to investigate the impact of paleo- and neoduplications on the organization and function of modern plant genomes. Results: We performed an RNA sequencing-based inference of the grain filling gene network in bread wheat and identified a set of 37,695 non-redundant sequence clusters, which is an unprecedented resolution corresponding to an estimated half of the wheat genome unigene repertoire. Using the Brachypodium distachyon genome as a reference for the Triticeae, we classified gene clusters into orthologous, paralogous, and homoeologous relationships. Based on this wheat gene evolutionary classification, older duplicated copies (dating back 50 to 70 million years) exhibit more than 80% gene loss and expression divergence while recent duplicates (dating back 1.5 to 3 million years) show only 54% gene loss and 36 to 49% expression divergence. Conclusions: We suggest that structural shuffling due to duplicated gene loss is a rapid process, whereas functional shuffling due to neo- and/or subfunctionalization of duplicates is a longer process, and that both shuffling mechanisms drive functional redundancy erosion. We conclude that, as a result of these mechanisms, half the gene duplicates in plants are structurally and functionally altered within 10 million years of evolution, and the diploidization process is completed after 45 to 50 million years following polyploidization

Monitoring fish communities through environmental DNA metabarcoding in the fish pass system of the second largest hydropower plant in the world

The Itaipu Hydroelectric Power Plant is the second largest in the world in power generation. The artificial barrier created by its dam imposes an obstacle for fish migration. Thus, in 2002, a fish pass system, named Piracema Channel, was built to allow fish to access areas upstream of the reservoir. We tested the potential of environmental DNA metabarcoding to monitor the impact of both the dam and associated fish pass system in the Paraná River fish communities and to compare it with traditional monitoring methods. Using a fragment of the 12S gene, we characterized richness and community composition based on amplicon sequence variants, operational taxonomic units, and zero-radius OTUs. We combined GenBank and in-house data for taxonomic assignment. We found that different bioinformatics approaches showed similar results. Also, we found a decrease in fish diversity from 2019 to 2020 probably due to the recent extreme drought experienced in southeastern Brazil. The highest alpha diversity was recorded in the mouth of the fish pass system, located in a protected valley with the highest environmental heterogeneity. Despite the clear indication that the reference databases need to be continuously improved, our results demonstrate the analytical efficiency of the metabarcoding to monitor fish species

New insights into the origin of the B genome of hexaploid wheat: Evolutionary relationships at the SPA genomic region with the S genome of the diploid relative Aegilops speltoides

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Several studies suggested that the diploid ancestor of the B genome of tetraploid and hexaploid wheat species belongs to the <it>Sitopsis </it>section, having <it>Aegilops speltoides </it>(SS, 2n = 14) as the closest identified relative. However molecular relationships based on genomic sequence comparison, including both coding and non-coding DNA, have never been investigated. In an attempt to clarify these relationships, we compared, in this study, sequences of the Storage Protein Activator (SPA) locus region of the S genome of <it>Ae. speltoides </it>(2n = 14) to that of the A, B and D genomes co-resident in the hexaploid wheat species (<it>Triticum aestivum, AABBDD</it>, 2n = 42).</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Four BAC clones, spanning the SPA locus of respectively the A, B, D and S genomes, were isolated and sequenced. Orthologous genomic regions were identified as delimited by shared non-transposable elements and non-coding sequences surrounding the SPA gene and correspond to 35 268, 22 739, 43 397 and 53 919 bp for the A, B, D and S genomes, respectively. Sequence length discrepancies within and outside the SPA orthologous regions are the result of non-shared transposable elements (TE) insertions, all of which inserted after the progenitors of the four genomes divergence.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>On the basis of conserved sequence length as well as identity of the shared non-TE regions and the SPA coding sequence, <it>Ae speltoides </it>appears to be more evolutionary related to the B genome of <it>T. aestivum </it>than the A and D genomes. However, the differential insertions of TEs, none of which are conserved between the two genomes led to the conclusion that the S genome of <it>Ae. speltoides </it>has diverged very early from the progenitor of the B genome which remains to be identified.</p

IGF1R signaling drives antiestrogen resistance through PAK2/PIX activation in luminal breast cancer

Antiestrogen resistance in estrogen receptor positive (ER+) breast cancer is associated with increased expression and activity of insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R). Here, a kinome siRNA screen has identified 10 regulators of IGF1R-mediated antiestrogen with clinical significance. These include the tamoxifen resistance suppressors BMPR1B, CDK10, CDK5, EIF2AK1, and MAP2K5, and the tamoxifen resistance inducers CHEK1, PAK2, RPS6KC1, TTK, and TXK. The p21-activated kinase 2, PAK2, is the strongest resistance inducer. Silencing of the tamoxifen resistance inducing genes, particularly PAK2, attenuates IGF1R-mediated resistance to tamoxifen and fulvestrant. High expression of PAK2 in ER+ metastatic breast cancer patients is correlated with unfavorable outcome after first-line tamoxifen monotherapy. Phospho-proteomics has defined PAK2 and the PAK-interacting exchange factors PIXα/β as downstream targets of IGF1R signaling, which are independent from PI3K/ATK and MAPK/ERK pathways. PAK2 and PIXα/β modulate IGF1R signaling-driven cell scattering. Targeting PIXα/β entirely mimics the effect of PAK2 silencing on antiestrogen re-sensitization. These data indicate PAK2/PIX as an effector pathway in IGF1R-mediated antiestrogen resistance

Absence of a thick atmosphere on the terrestrial exoplanet LHS 3844b

Most known terrestrial planets orbit small stars with radii less than 60 per cent of that of the Sun. Theoretical models predict that these planets are more vulnerable to atmospheric loss than their counterparts orbiting Sun-like stars. To determine whether a thick atmosphere has survived on a small planet, one approach is to search for signatures of atmospheric heat redistribution in its thermal phase curve. Previous phase curve observations of the super-Earth 55 Cancri e (1.9 Earth radii) showed that its peak brightness is offset from the substellar point (latitude and longitude of 0 degrees)—possibly indicative of atmospheric circulation. Here we report a phase curve measurement for the smaller, cooler exoplanet LHS 3844b, a 1.3-Earth-radii world in an 11-hour orbit around the small nearby star LHS 3844. The observed phase variation is symmetric and has a large amplitude, implying a dayside brightness temperature of 1,040 ± 40 kelvin and a nightside temperature consistent with zero kelvin (at one standard deviation). Thick atmospheres with surface pressures above 10 bar are ruled out by the data (at three standard deviations), and less-massive atmospheres are susceptible to erosion by stellar wind. The data are well fitted by a bare-rock model with a low Bond albedo (lower than 0.2 at two standard deviations). These results support theoretical predictions that hot terrestrial planets orbiting small stars may not retain substantial atmospheres