Augmentation de la hauteur de barrière de diodes de Schottky au silicium : Application aux cellules solaires

Le rendement des cellules solaires au silicium réalisées par diode Schottky dépend essentiellement de la hauteur de la barrière de potentiel au contact métal-semiconducteur. On propose ici deux procédés permettant de porter cette barrière aux environs de 1 eV, soit par évaporation de hafnium sur du silicium P, soit par une implantation d'ions avant la formation d'une diode Schottky à l'or sur du silicium N

Analyse du processus de formation de la barrière or-silicium

Nous comparons les caractéristiques courant-tension sous éclairement de diodes Schottky or-silicium à des courbes théoriques de structures MIS. Nous montrons que l'évolution dans le temps de ces caractéristiques est due à la neutralisation d'une charge fixe positive, située à l'interface métal-semiconducteur, par l'oxygène de l'air qui diffuse à travers le contact métallique et qui se comporte en piège à électrons du semiconducteur

An ethnographic study of communication with HIV-infected children at Rumah Cemara

This study examines the ethnography studies of communication with HIV-infected children at Rumah Cemara Bandung by reviewing the elements of communication components. This research uses a qualitative approach with an ethnographic type of communication study. The research subjects were children infected with HIV in Bandung who was selected using the purposive method. Data were obtained through in-depth interviews, participatory observation, document analysis, and literature study. The results revealed that the genre in the communication component of children infected with HIV at Rumah Cemara was seen in the delivery of problems, namely the presence of viral infections in children. The setting that occurs in the communication component is carried out at the child's home/residence and Rumah Cemara as a community location and Klinik Teratai, Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Bandung. Children use Indonesian and Sundanese as their daily languages. All HIV-infected children are infected with the virus because it is transmitted from their parents, namely the mother, and the mother is infected with HIV from her husband. Conversations that are usually carried out by informants when meeting at Klinik Teratai, Rumah Cemara, and at home are usually related to conditions of health development, children's adherence to taking anti-retroviral drugs, and mental and social development of children with messages of mutual encouragement and support as well as instilling a sense of optimism. Psychologically among People With HIV/AIDS (ODHA). The non-verbal language that children do in the form of silence; smiles; a nod of the head; shaking of the head, and laughing out loud

Efek SuctionMelalui Catheter Mouth Terhadap Saturasi Oksigen Pasien Cedera Kepala

The intervention of endotracheal suction to patients with the severe head injury may have effected to oxygen desaturation in arteries. The oxygen desaturation process could be impacted to increase the intracranial pressure, brain's swelling, hypoxemia systemic, and deaths. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of the oxygen supply via oral catheterization in the suction process to the oxygen saturation level in the patient with the severe head injury who using ventilator. This research has been conducted in the intensive care unit. This study was applied the quasi experiment design using pre and post-test. Samples were chosen using accidental sampling. There were two groups of samples, the first group was the intervention group with 20 respondents using oral catheterization, and the second group was the control group with 20 respondents. The result showed that the oxygen saturation was reduced with t value (-16.538) < t table (-2.024), and p value (0.000) < 0.05. The oxygen saturation was significantly different between two groups. This study could be an evidence that nurses should enhance their services to reduce the risk of decreasing the oxygen saturation in the severe head injury patient who using ventilator

Relationship between C677T Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase Gene Polymorphism and Homocysteine in Cerebral Palsy

Objective: To observe the relationship between methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T gene polymorphism and homocysteine levels in cerebral palsy (CP) children. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in several hospitals, school for children with special needs, and rehabilitation centers in Bandung from March to November 2014, on children with CP aged 4–14 years who met the inclusion criteria. Genotyping was performed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and direct sequencing. Homocysteine serum level was measured using chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay (CMIA) method. Statistical analysis was conducted using t test. Results: In this study, 150 CP children had MTHFR C677T gene polymorphism with a frequency of 18%, consisting of TT homozygotes (4%), CT heterozygotes (14%), and T allele (11%. The mean serum level of homocysteine in CP with C677T MTHFR gene polymorphism was 8.22 (±1.89) µmol/L, higher than those without polymorphism (p=0.046). Conclusions: A relationship between MTHFR C677T gene polymorphism and homocysteine level in children with cerebral palsy is found in this study. Keywords: Cerebral palsy, homocysteine, methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase polymorphism DOI: 10.15850/ijihs.v4n1.68

MTHFR C677T and TS 5’-UTR 3R/3R Gene Polymorphism in Methotrexate-Resistant Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

BACKGROUND: Childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common pediatric malignancy in Indonesia and often treated by methotrexate (MTX). Though it can be cured in 30-60% of patients, MTX resistance remains the major cause of treatment failure in childhood ALL. Previous sudies showed that its anti-leukemic property was moderated by MTX ability to inhibitmethylene tetra hydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) and thymidylate synthase (TS) in folate metabolism. This study investigates the correlation between MTHFR and TS polymorphism and MTX resistance in ALL children.METHODS: A total of 155 subjects obtained from all subjects prior to chemotherapy. DNA from blood samples were extracted and underwent polymerase chain reactionrestriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) to evaluate MTHFR C677T and TS 5’-UTR 3R/3R polymorphism.RESULTS: There was significant correlation between MTHFR C677T and TS 5’-UTR 3R/3R gene polymorphism with MTX resistance. Subjectswith MTHFR C677T and TS 5’-UTR 3R/3R gene polymorphism were 4 times (p=0.007) and 6.4 times (p=0.001) more likely to be MTX resistant than those without gene polymorphisms, respectively.CONCLUSION: MTHFR C677T andTS 5’-UTR 3R/3R represent dominant gene polymorphism related to MTX resistance in childhood ALL.KEYWORDS: gene polymorphism, folate metabolism, acute lymphoblastic leukemi

Optical and Optoelectric Properties in PbCdS Ternary Thin Films Deposited by CBD

PbxCd1-xS films have been prepared in the composition range of 0.05£ x£0.25by using a chemical bath deposition growth technique under optimum conditionsto deposit good photo response. X-ray diffraction study results show that the filmsare of PbS-CdS composite with individual CdS and PbS planes. The filmsexhibited two direct band gaps, 2.4 eV belongs to CdS, and the second variescontinuously from 2.4eV to 1.3eV. The surface morphology of the films is smoothwith crystallite of increasing grain size with increasing the mole fraction (x). Thedecrease in the band gap with increase in lead concentration suggests that theComposite of PbS (Eg=0.41eV) with CdS (Eg=2.4eV)

POLA ASUH ORANG TUA, USIA DAN JENIS KELAMIN SEBAGAI FAKTOR YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN PERSEPSI REMAJA TENTANG PERILAKU SEKSUAL PRA-NIKAH DI KOTA BATAM

Masa remaja adalah masa transisi dengan kecenderungan munculnya perilaku yang menyimpang, salah satunyaadalah seks pra-nikah. Perilaku remaja dipengaruhi oleh lingkungan salah satunya adalah pola asuh orang tua. Penelitianini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pola asuh orang tua,jenis kelamin dan asal sekolah yang berhubungan dengan persepsiremaja tentang perilaku seks pra-nikah.Metode dalam penelitian ini adalah studi survey (cross sectional) dengan tehnik pengambilan sampel multi stagerandom sampling. Subjek penelitiannya adalah siswa-siswi pelajar SMA kelas XI dengan sampel berjumlah 200 orang.Data dianalisis dengan chi kuadrat serta regesi logistik ganda.Hasil penelitian ini adalah pola asuh orang tua mempunyai nilai P= 0,001. Jenis kelamin p= 0,001 dan asalsekolah p=0,008 sehingga ketiga variabel tersebut mempunyai hubungan dengan persepsi remaja tentang perilaku seksualpra-nikah. Hasil analisis multivaribel menunjukkan Asal sekolah swasta berisiko untuk terjadinya persepsi buruk sebesar3,118 kali bila dibandingkan dengan asal sekolah negeri. Untuk jenis kelamin perempuan dengan rasio prevalens dibawah 1,ini menunjukkan semakin rendah risiko untuk memiliki persepsi buruk. Selanjutnya, untuk pola asuh makin kearah permisifsemakin tinggi risiko untuk memiliki persepsi seks pra-nikah yang buruk. Dengan demikian diperlukan orang tua yangmemberikan pola asuh yang bertanggung jawab yaitu pola asuh demokratis dengan memperhatikan karakteristik anak.Simpulan dari penelitian ini adalah pola asuh orang tua, jenis kelamin dan asal sekolah mempunyai hubungandengan persepsi remaja tentang perilaku seksual pra-nikah

The effects of anode material type on the optoelectronic properties of electroplated CdTe thin films and the implications for photovoltaic application

The effects of the type of anode material on the properties of electrodeposited CdTe thin films for photovoltaic application have been studied. Cathodic electrodeposition of two sets of CdTe thin films on glass/fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) was carried out in two-electrode configuration using graphite and platinum anodes. Optical absorption spectra of films grown with graphite anode displayed significant spread across the deposition potentials compared to those grown with platinum anode. Photoelectrochemical cell result shows that the CdTe grown with graphite anode became p-type after post-deposition annealing with prior CdCl2 treatment, as a result of carbon incorporation into the films, while those grown with platinum anode remained n-type after annealing. A review of recent photoluminescence characterization of some of these CdTe films reveals the persistence of a defect level at (0.97–0.99) eV below the conduction band in the bandgap of CdTe grown with graphite anode after annealing while films grown with platinum anode showed the absence of this defect level. This confirms the impact of carbon incorporation into CdTe. Solar cell made with CdTe grown with platinum anode produced better conversion efficiency compared to that made with CdTe grown using graphite anode, underlining the impact of anode type in electrodeposition