The image of Xiang Yu and Liu Bang in “The Favourite Children’s Stories about the History of China”

В статье сравнивается изображение полководцев Сян Юя и Лю Бана в современных «Любимых детьми китайских исторических рассказах» с классическим описанием этих героев в «Исторических записках» Сыма Цяня. Выделяя основные концепции историографа, автор статьи рассматривает то, как и почему образы Сян Юя и Лю Бана претерпевают значительные изменения, какие черты их характеров становятся наиболее важными и поучительными в современной литературе для подрастающего поколения.In this article is compared the image of generals Xiang Yu and Liu Bang in the present-day “The Favourite Children’s Stories about The History of China” with traditional description these characters in Sima Qian‘s “Historical Records”. Singing out the basic concepts of the historiographer, the author of this article examines how and why the images of Xiang Yu and Liu Bang are undergoing significant changes, what the traits of their characters are the most important and instructive in contemporary literature for the younger generation

Classification of double flag varieties of complexity 0 and 1

A classification of double flag varieties of complexity 0 and 1 is obtained. An application of this problem to decomposing tensor products of irreducible representations of semisimple Lie groups is considered

Arc Magmas from Slab to Eruption: The Case of Kliuchevskoy Volcano

Arc magmas are generated by a number of mantle and crustal processes. Our multidisciplinary, long-term research is aimed at deciphering these processes for a single arc volcano, Kliuchevskoy volcano in Kamchatka. Some key results of the study follow: 1) Modeling of trace element and H2O contents in melt inclusions suggests that the primary magmas originate via hydrous flux-melting of the mantle wedge at temperatures close to the dry peridotite solidus. The role of decompression melting is minor or absent at Kliuchevskoy and other arc volcanoes built on relatively thick crust. 2) Geochemistry of high-Mg olivine suggests that primary Kliuchevskoy magmas have substantial contribution from olivine-free pyroxenite (up to 30 %), which could be formed by reaction of slab melts (or supercritical fluids) with mantle wedge peridotite. 3) Parental Kliuchevskoy melts start to crystallize as deep as the Moho boundary, and the erupted magmas reflect multistage and complex processes of crystallization, magma mixing and crustal assimilation. None of the Kliuchevskoy rocks analyzed thus far represent true primary melt compositions. 4) The Kliuchevskoy Holocene eruptive history is not steady-state in terms of eruption rate and geochemistry. There are two millenial cycles with major and trace element and OSr- Nd-Pb and U-series isotope compositions of the magmas changing gradually from more to less affected by crustal (?) assimilation. The onset of the cycles correlates with periods of enhanced volcanic activity in Kamchatka, suggesting that the extent of magma-crust interaction is inversely related to magma production rate and thus magma flux from the mantle

Multi-Cyclic and Isotopically Diverse Silicic Magma Generation in an Arc Volcano: Gorely Eruptive Center, Kamchatka, Russia

The Kamchatka Peninsula is home to some of the most frequent and prolific subduction-related volcanic activity in the world, with the largest number of caldera-forming eruptions per length of the volcanic arc. Among those, Gorely volcano has a topographically prominent Late Pleistocene caldera (13 km × 12 km, estimated to have produced >100 km3 of magma), which is now almost completely filled by a central cone. We report new 40Ar/39Ar ages and geochemical and isotopic data for newly recognized Mid-Pleistocene ignimbrite units of large but unknown volume sourced from the Gorely eruptive center, most of which were deposited in marginal glacial conditions. These ignimbrites have crystallinities of 9-24% and most are quartz-, amphibole-, and zircon-undersaturated. Additionally, we studied 32 eruptive units, including stratigraphically constrained Holocene tephra, and pre- and post-caldera lava sequences, to understand the petrogenetic and temporal evolution of this long-lived, multi-cyclic, arc volcano. Material erupted prior to the formation of the modern Gorely edifice, including the voluminous ignimbrites and eruptions of the ‘pra-Gorely' stage, consist primarily of dacite and andesite, whereas sequences of the modern Gorely edifice are represented by basalt to basaltic andesite. MELTS and EC-AFC modeling shows that it is possible to obtain silicic compositions near those of the evolved ignimbrite compositions through 60-75% fractional crystallization at 1 kbar and nickel-nickel oxide (NNO) oxygen fugacity. However, our newly compiled major and trace element data for Gorely yield two separate bimodal peaks in a SiO2-frequency diagram, showing a prominent Daly Gap, with a deficiency in andesite. Trace element concentrations define two separate trends, one for more silicic and another for more mafic sequences. Additionally, δ18Omelt values reconstructed from coexisting plagioclase and clinopyroxene phenocrysts range from a low value of 4·85‰ to a normal value of 6·22‰. The low δ18O values range throughout the known lifespan of Gorely, with the lowest value being from the first known ignimbrite to erupt, indicating episodic but temporally decreasing crustal assimilation of previously hydrothermally altered material. 87Sr/86Sr and 143Nd/144Nd ratios show wide ranges from 0·70328 to 0·70351 and from 0·51303 to 0·51309 respectively, also suggesting incorporation of surrounding crust, although there are less clear trends throughout the lifespan of Gorely. The combination of light and diverse δ18O values with elevated 87Sr/86Sr and low 143Nd/144Nd ratios suggests contamination by older and isotopically diverse, low-δ18O country-rocks, such as the neighboring 11 Ma Akhomten granitic massif, which shows ranges in δ18O, 87Sr/86Sr, and 144Nd/143Nd values overlapping with the Gorely magmas. In addition, the presence of glomerocrysts and mafic enclaves in the majority of Gorely dacites indicates a period of crystal settling and subsequent intrusion of hot, primitive basalt that probably triggered eruption. Finally, elevated Nb concentrations relative to other Kamchatkan volcanoes suggest that Gorely magmas may involve an enriched component, probably caused by delamination of a lower crustal root. Our results argue for an incremental view of silicic magma generation at so-called ‘long-term eruptive centers', in Kamchatka and worldwide, consisting of alternating episodes of magmatic and hydrothermal activity, and glacial advances and retreats. We demonstrate that large-volume, isotopically distinct, silicic magma can be generated rapidly between cone-building phases of volcanic activity through a combination of fractional crystallization, assimilation of older country rocks, and shallow assimilation of hydrothermally altered but otherwise petrochemically similar older intracaldera tuffs and intrusions. These transient shallow silicic magma chambers empty nearly completely in ignimbrite-forming eruptions after 103-105 years of assembly, partially triggered by glacial surface dynamic

ПОВЫШЕНИЕ ТОЧНОСТИ И РАСШИРЕНИЕ ФУНКЦИОНАЛЬНЫХ ВОЗМОЖНОСТЕЙ ЦИФРОВЫХ ФИЛЬТРОВ НА ОСНОВЕ ЧАСТОТНОЙ ВЫБОРКИ

The  method  of  expansion  of  set  of  analyzing  frequencies  with  digital  filters,  based  on  frequency selection, was suggested. The way of increasing of measurement precision using this class of filters was investigated.  The  conformal  generalization  of  structure  of  filters  based  on  frequency  selection  and  the standard nonrecursive comb filter are the base of this method. This method can be used in different fields of research where the task of determination of hide periodicities is actual.Предложен метод расширения множества анализируемых частот цифровыми фильтрами на основе частотной выборки. Рассмотрен способ повышения точности измерения этим классом фильтров спектров сигналов. В основе предложенного подхода лежит согласованное обобщение структур фильтров на основе частотной выборки и стандартного нерекурсивного гребенчатого фильтра. Предложенный метод может найти широкое применение при решении задач выявления скрытых периодичностей

THE DEVELOPMENT OF SOVIET STATE SYSTEM IN 1918-1940 (AS IN THE CASE OF INDIVIDUAL POWER STRUCTURES)

Purpose: This paper examines the problems of changing the systems of the structures of governance in the first years of the existence of Soviet rule using the example of the armed forces, the redistribution of powers between them, the strengthening of the administrative influence of individual departments on the most important decisions in this area. Methodology: The basis of scientific research is the dialectical materialist method, which allows revealing the patterns of development of the relevant legal industry and suggesting the most likely options for the development of legislation and law enforcement practice. In addition, the authors use the historical-chronological method, the historical-systemic method, the formal-logical method, the method of comparative law, the system-structural method, the technical-legal method, etc. Result: a dramatic change in internal political line with the advent of the Bolsheviks predetermined the sweeping changes in the approaches to public administration. Having no experience in organizing public authority, the leaders of the revolutionary movement proposed and approved numerous ideas related to improving the efficiency of the management of uniformed services, which was very important in the conditions of the civil war and foreign intervention. Applications: This research can be used for universities, teachers, and students. Novelty/Originality: In this research, the model of the development of the Soviet state system in 1918-1940  is presented in a comprehensive and complete manner

Development of methodology for assessing the innovation potential of organisations in the region

Nowadays, one of the main aims of any organization is to increase innovation component of growth. It is also necessary to move to intensive development, what is always connected with introduction of new industrial technologies and output of rival products, because it is not enough only to increase industrial scale to reach competitive advantages in the market. But, in fact, there is a problem, connected with the lack of complex researches, methodical developments and conceptual approaches to assessment the innovation potential and its effective use. So the research of innovation capacity is a topical problem for all modern organizations