Confinement-controlled Water Engenders High Energy Density Electrochemical-double-layer Capacitance

The renewable energy sector critically needs low-cost and environmentally neutral energy storage solutions throughout the entire device life cycle. However, the limited performance of standard water-based electrochemical systems prevents their use in certain applications. Meanwhile, recent fundamental studies revealed dielectric anomalies of water near solid-liquid interfaces of carbon-based nanomaterials. In contrast to the bulk water properties, these anomalies of water under nano-confinement and in the presence of electric fields have not yet been understood and used. Here, we experimentally study the ability of the interfacial water layer to engender and store charge in electrochemical double-layer capacitance. We demonstrate the first prototype of a water-only membrane-electrode assembly. The prototype exhibits characteristics comparable to existing batteries and supercapacitors without using electrolytes as ionic carriers. The results provide the impetus for the development of high-energy-density electrochemical double-layer capacitors and open up other avenues for ecologically-neutral batteries, fuel cells, and nanofluidic devices

Prospects for cooling of marine organisms with the ice using chitosan and its polyelectrolyte complexes

A new cooling medium for storage of fish and seafood is proposed - frozen water solution of polysaccharides of natural origin, as the natural biopolymer chitosan. Rational concentration of its solution for producing the chitosan ice is determined experimentally. Organoleptic, physical, and microbiological parameters of the ice prepared from solution of polyelectrolyte complexes of chitosan and its co-polymers are examined. Better results for cooling of marine raw materials are shown for the solution of polyelectrolyte complexes based on chitosan with sodium alginate and carboxymethyl cellulose. The chitosan-alginate ice is distinguished by higher density and homogeneous consistency within the temperature range from -5 to +5оC. Antiseptic microbiological activity of the chitosan-alginate ice is in 2.3 times higher as compared with the water ice and in 1.8 times higher than for the chitosan ice. High technological properties of the ice of polyelectrolyte complexes of chitosan with sodium alginate provide good prospects for its using in technology of cooling in fishery industry

Gene-centric coverage of the human liver transcriptome: QPCR, Illumina, and Oxford Nanopore RNA-Seq

It has been shown that the best coverage of the HepG2 cell line transcriptome encoded by genes of a single chromosome, chromosome 18, is achieved by a combination of two sequencing platforms, Illumina RNA-Seq and Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT), using cut-off levels of FPKM > 0 and TPM > 0, respectively. In this study, we investigated the extent to which the combination of these transcriptomic analysis methods makes it possible to achieve a high coverage of the transcriptome encoded by the genes of other human chromosomes. A comparative analysis of transcriptome coverage for various types of biological material was carried out, and the HepG2 cell line transcriptome was compared with the transcriptome of liver tissue cells. In addition, the contribution of variability in the coverage of expressed genes in human transcriptomes to the creation of a draft human transcriptome was evaluated. For human liver tissues, ONT makes an extremely insignificant contribution to the overall coverage of the transcriptome. Thus, to ensure maximum coverage of the liver tissue transcriptome, it is sufficient to apply only one technology: Illumina RNA-Seq (FPKM > 0)

The clinician's view on the advantages and contradictions of the new nomenclature of steatotic liver disease: A review

In September 2023, the European Association for the Study of the Liver (EASL) updated the disease nomenclature for non-alcoholic (metabolically associated) fatty liver disease. The goals of the revision were to increase awareness among health care professionals, civil society and patients about the disease, its course, treatment and outcomes; combating stigma; focusing on the initial etiological factor, including the main (cardiometabolic) risk of disease progression; improved diagnosis based on disease biomarkers; positive impact on the potency to search for new drugs; the ability to provide personalized medical care. The terms “non-alcoholic” and “fatty” were considered stigmatizing, and therefore, it was proposed to use the term steatotic liver disease (SLD) as the name of this nosology. The terms non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) or metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) have been replaced by the term metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). In the case of being combined with an alcohol factor, a diagnosis in which metabolic dysfunction is combined with alcoholic liver disease is referred to as MetALD. The fundamental principle in the diagnosis of MASLD is the presence of at least one of the cardiometabolic risk factors. Alcohol consumption interacts with cardiometabolic risk factors and increases the risk of SLD decompensation. The term nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), according to the new nomenclature, has been replaced by the term metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH). The adoption of the new nomenclature should help to increase awareness about the disease, its course and outcomes, as well as improve the quality of diagnosis and treatment

Star-shaped D–π–A oligothiophenes with a tris(2-methoxyphenyl)amine core and alkyldicyanovinyl groups: synthesis and physical and photovoltaic properties

Synthesis of a series of star-shaped oligomers having a novel electron donating tris(2-methoxyphenyl)amine (m-TPA) core, which is linked through a bithiophene or terthiophene π-bridge with electron-deficient alkyldicyanovinyl (alkyl-DCV) groups, is described. A comprehensive study of the oligomers revealed significant dependence of their physical properties, including absorption, molecular frontier energy levels, crystal packing, and melting and glass transition temperatures, upon the chemical structure. A comparison of their photophysical properties to the nearest analog having the common dicyanovinyl (DCV) groups demonstrated a number of benefits to use alkyl-DCV units for the design of donor–acceptor small molecules: higher solubility, increased electrochemical stability, better photovoltaic performance, and possibility to control the relative physical and photovoltaic properties by a simple adjustment of alkyl and π-bridge lengths. Modification of the well-known triphenylamine (TPA) core in the star-shaped oligomers by methoxy groups increases not only solubility, but also crystallinity of the oligomers, whereas their photovoltaic performance stays on a similar level as their analogs with a TPA core. The study demonstrates that these design strategies represent interesting and simple tools for the effective modulation of properties of star-shaped molecules

Національна доповідь про стан і перспективи розвитку освіти в Україні: монографія (До 30-річчя незалежності України)

The publication provides a comprehensive analysis of the state and development of national education over the 30 years of Ukraine’s independence, identifies current problems in education, ascertains the causes of their emergence, offers scientifically reasoned ways to modernise domestic education in the context of globalisation, European integration, innovative development, and national self-identification. Designed for legislators, state officials, education institutions leaders, teaching and academic staff, the general public, all those who seek to increase the competitiveness of Ukrainian education in the context of civilisation changes.У виданні здійснено всебічний аналіз стану і розвитку національної освіти за 30-річний період незалежності України, визначено актуальні проблеми освітньої сфери, виявлено причини їх виникнення, запропоновано науково обґрунтовані шляхи модернізації вітчизняної освіти в умовах глобалізації, європейської інтеграції, інноваційного розвитку та національної самоідентифікації. Розраховано на законодавців, державних управлінців, керівників закладів освіти, педагогічних і науково-педагогічних працівників, широку громадськість, усіх, хто прагне підвищення конкурентоспроможності української освіти в контексті цивілізаційних змін

Prospects for the Disposal of By-Products from the Processing of Aquatic Biological Resources

The expediency of using waste generated during industrial processing of commercial aquatic biological resources is justified. By-products obtained as a result of cutting fish and non-fish objects represent a significant source of biologically valuable substances. The article provides information on the use of secondary raw materials for the production of feed products for farm animals, birds and aquaculture facilities for the production of biologically valuable products, biofuels. The paper presents an assessment of the technological potential of by-products formed during the processing of the most profitable commercial objects – crabs and salmon. Such bu-products include carapace of the cephalothorax, crab entrails, as well as the caviar film remaining during the punching of salmon fish hawks. The assessment of the total chemical composition of the waste from the cutting of the blue crab was carried out. The high biological value of the hepatopancreas and carapace crab proteins was revealed. The general chemical waste from punching of chum salmon hawks is given. The high biological value of these waste lipids was confirmed by evaluating their fatty acid composition. The possibility and necessity of using the studied waste for the production of biologically valuable products is experimentally justified

Use of Technology Transfer Model in the Dissemination and Validation of Web-Based Solutions in Transport and Logistics.

This paper reports the experience of research in Technology Transfer process. The main idea to explore how could be applied Technology Transfer Concept developed by researchers in EU funded project BONITA in the area of Transport and Logistics. The success of Technology Transfer process depends on the interaction between actors involved. That why particular attention is paid to the process of dissemination and validation

Neuro Pedagogical Fundamentals of Preschool and Primary School Children Emotional Intelligence Development

The discussion of psychologists and physiologists on the work of the brain as the center for the formation of emotions and feelings, the center of memory and planning of future actions has been highlighted. Taking into account the main provisions of neuroscientists’ works, the gender characteristics of the emotional reactions of boys and girls have been revealed in accordance with differences in the structure and work of their brains. This gave the grounds for the conclusion that in order to form the correct behavior of the child in society, it is necessary to enhance his interaction experience in it, develop strong-willed efforts and ensure the full development of a rational brain. of The vast majority of junior schoolchildren need to have their level of emotional intelligence to be corrected. The main source of intellectual, moral and aesthetic feelings as components of the emotional intelligence of preschool and primary school children is gaming and educational activities, during which all kinds of feelings that affect the children’s adaptation to the new living conditions are being developed. If a child does not reach a sufficient level of emotional development by the age of 10-11, which is distinguished by the greatest plasticity of the cerebral cortex and almost unlimited intellectual capabilities, then at the later age his life cannot be successful and comfortable due to numerous misunderstandings with himself and others, close and strangers