Production and characterization of a β-glucosidase from Issatchenkia terricola and its use for hydrolysis of aromatic precursors in Cabernet Sauvignon wine

New enzymes isolated from the biodiversity of native wine ecosystems could contribute to increase the varietal character of regional wines. This study reports on the production and characterization of Issatchenkia terricola, beta-glucosidase and its potential to release red-wine aromatic compounds. The enzyme, a monomer of 48 kDa with an isoelectric point of 3.5 is tolerant to glucose and ethanol, properties compatible with enological use. Although fed-batch is usually the most suitable system for enzyme production in submerged culture, in this case the yield was practically the same as in batch culture. Enzyme productivity was increased 2-fold in synthetic medium with glucose with respect to the YPG and 3 to 8-fold with respect to other media assayed. After enzymatic treatment, GC-MS analysis of the released aglycones demonstrated significant increases in the concentration of phenols (83%) and norisoprenoids (65%). According to the judges of the sensory panel, the treatment resulted in a wine with dried fruits and raisins notes, as compared to the control, which was found more sweet and fruity. This, together with the lack of activity on anthocyanin glycosides, highlights the potential of this enzyme in enology, since its high selectivity allowed the development of aroma without compromising wine color.Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Fermentaciones Industriale

Production and characterization of a β-glucosidase from Issatchenkia terricola and its use for hydrolysis of aromatic precursors in Cabernet Sauvignon wine

New enzymes isolated from the biodiversity of native wine ecosystems could contribute to increase the varietal character of regional wines. This study reports on the production and characterization of Issatchenkia terricola, beta-glucosidase and its potential to release red-wine aromatic compounds. The enzyme, a monomer of 48 kDa with an isoelectric point of 3.5 is tolerant to glucose and ethanol, properties compatible with enological use. Although fed-batch is usually the most suitable system for enzyme production in submerged culture, in this case the yield was practically the same as in batch culture. Enzyme productivity was increased 2-fold in synthetic medium with glucose with respect to the YPG and 3 to 8-fold with respect to other media assayed. After enzymatic treatment, GC-MS analysis of the released aglycones demonstrated significant increases in the concentration of phenols (83%) and norisoprenoids (65%). According to the judges of the sensory panel, the treatment resulted in a wine with dried fruits and raisins notes, as compared to the control, which was found more sweet and fruity. This, together with the lack of activity on anthocyanin glycosides, highlights the potential of this enzyme in enology, since its high selectivity allowed the development of aroma without compromising wine color.Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Fermentaciones Industriale

Production and characterization of a β-glucosidase from Issatchenkia terricola and its use for hydrolysis of aromatic precursors in Cabernet Sauvignon wine

New enzymes isolated from the biodiversity of native wine ecosystems could contribute to increase the varietal character of regional wines. This study reports on the production and characterization of Issatchenkia terricola, beta-glucosidase and its potential to release red-wine aromatic compounds. The enzyme, a monomer of 48 kDa with an isoelectric point of 3.5 is tolerant to glucose and ethanol, properties compatible with enological use. Although fed-batch is usually the most suitable system for enzyme production in submerged culture, in this case the yield was practically the same as in batch culture. Enzyme productivity was increased 2-fold in synthetic medium with glucose with respect to the YPG and 3 to 8-fold with respect to other media assayed. After enzymatic treatment, GC-MS analysis of the released aglycones demonstrated significant increases in the concentration of phenols (83%) and norisoprenoids (65%). According to the judges of the sensory panel, the treatment resulted in a wine with dried fruits and raisins notes, as compared to the control, which was found more sweet and fruity. This, together with the lack of activity on anthocyanin glycosides, highlights the potential of this enzyme in enology, since its high selectivity allowed the development of aroma without compromising wine color.Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Fermentaciones Industriale

t(10;11)(p12;q23) KMT2A/NEBL

Review on t(10;11)(p12;q23) KMT2A/NEBL, with data on clinics, and the genes involved

Jaw biodynamic data for 24 patients with chronic unilateral temporomandibular disorder

This study assessed 24 adult patients, suffering from severe chronic unilateral pain diagnosed as temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorder (TMD). The full dentate patients had normal occlusion and had never received an occlusal therapy, i.e., were with natural dental evolution/maturation. The following functional and dynamic factors were assessed: (1) chewing function; (2) TMJ remodeling or the condylar path (CP); and (3) lateral jaw motion or lateral guidance (LG). CPs were assessed using conventional axiography, and LG was assessed by K7 jaw tracking. Seventeen (71%) of the 24 (100%) patients consistently showed a habitual chewing side. The mean (standard deviation [SD]) of the CP angles was 47.90 (9.24) degrees. The mean (SD) of the LG angles was 42.95 (11.78) degrees. Data collection emerged from the conception of a new TMD paradigm where the affected side could be the habitual chewing side, the side with flatter lateral jaw motion or the side with an increased CP angle. These data may lead to improved diagnosis, therapy plans and evolution in TMD patients

Marcgrave and Piso's plants for sale: The presence of plant species andnames from the Historia Naturalis Brasiliae (1648) in contemporaryBrazilian markets

Plant science

High birth weight as an important risk factor for infant leukemia

In this paper, we compared the birth weight distribution among 201 infant leukaemia (IL) cases with that of 440 noncancer controls enrolled in Brazil in 1999–2005. Compared with the general population and the stratum 2500–2999 g as reference, IL cases weighing 3000–3999 g presented an odds ratio (OR) of 1.68 (95% CI: 1.03–2.76), and those of 4000 g or more, an OR of 2.28 (95% CI: 1.08–4.75), Ptrend<0.01. Using hospital-based controls, the OR for 4000 g or more, compared to 2500–2999 g, was 1.30 (95% CI: 1.02–1.43) after adjusting for confounders (gender, income, maternal age, pesticide and hormonal exposure during pregnancy). The results suggest that high birth weight is associated with increased risk of IL

Distinctive genotypes in infants with T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia

Infant T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (iT-ALL) is a very rare and poorly defined entity with a poor prognosis. We assembled a unique series of 13 infants with T-ALL, which allowed us to identify genotypic abnormalities and to investigate prenatal origins. Matched samples (diagnosis/remission) were analysed by single nucleotide polymorphism-array to identify genomic losses and gains. In three cases, we identified a recurrent somatic deletion on chromosome 3. These losses result in the complete deletion of MLF1 and have not previously been described in T-ALL. We observed two cases with an 11p13 deletion (LMO2-related), one of which also harboured a deletion of RB1. Another case presented a large 11q14·1-11q23·2 deletion that included ATM and only five patients (38%) showed deletions of CDKN2A/B. Four cases showed NOTCH1 mutations; in one case FBXW7 was the sole mutation and three cases showed alterations in PTEN. KMT2A rearrangements (KMT2A-r) were detected in three out of 13 cases. For three patients, mutations and copy number alterations (including deletion of PTEN) could be backtracked to birth using neonatal blood spot DNA, demonstrating an in utero origin. Overall, our data indicates that iT-ALL has a diverse but distinctive profile of genotypic abnormalities when compared to T-ALL in older children and adults