The Lobster and Shrimp Fisheries in Hawaii

A description of the lobster and deepwater shrimp fisheries in Hawaii, addressing harvest levels, biology, and research, is presented. Both fisheries are trap fisheries. The lobster fishery is a limited entry fishery with 1991 landings of 200 metric tons. The shrimp fishery is unregulated, with very sporadic effort, and annual landings below 200 metric tons

Playing the Games: Diasporic Identity, Athletic Entrepreneurialism, and Elodie Li Yuk Lo's Journey to the Olympics.

Ph.D. Thesis. University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa 2018

A commentary on standardization in the Semantic Web, Common Logic and MultiAgent Systems

Given the ubiquity of the Web, the Semantic Web (SW) offers MultiAgent Systems (MAS) a most wide-ranging platform by which they could intercommunicate. It can be argued however that MAS require levels of logic that the current Semantic Web has yet to provide. As ISO Common Logic (CL) ISO/IEC IS 24707:2007 provides a firstorder logic capability for MAS in an interoperable way, it seems natural to investigate how CL may itself integrate with the SW thus providing a more expressive means by which MAS can interoperate effectively across the SW. A commentary is accordingly presented on how this may be achieved. Whilst it notes that certain limitations remain to be addressed, the commentary proposes that standardising the SW with CL provides the vehicle by which MAS can achieve their potential.</p

Evidence Of Shark Predation And Scavenging On Fishes Equipped With Pop-Up Satellite Archival Tags

Over the past few years, pop-up satellite archival tags (PSATs) have been used to investigate the behavior, movements, thermal biology, and postrelease mortality of a wide range of large, highly migratory species including bluefin tuna (Block et al., 2001), swordfish (Sedberry and Loefer, 2001), blue marlin (Graves et al., 2002), striped marlin (Domeier and Dewar, 2003), and white sharks (Boustany et al., 2002). PSAT tag technology has improved rapidly, and current tag models are capable of collecting, processing, and storing large amounts of information on light level, temperature, and pressure (depth) for a predetermined length of time before the release of these tags from animals. After release, the tags float to the surface, and transmit the stored data to passing satellites of the Argos system

Fishery-induced changes in the subtropical Pacific pelagic ecosystem size structure: Observations and theory

Abstract We analyzed a 16-year (1996-2011) time series of catch and effort data for 23 species with mean weights ranging from 0.8 kg to 224 kg, recorded by observers in the Hawaii-based deep-set longline fishery. Over this time period, domestic fishing effort, as numbers of hooks set in the core Hawaii-based fishing ground, has increased fourfold. The standardized aggregated annual catch rate for 9 small (,15 kg) species increased about 25% while for 14 large species (.15 kg) it decreased about 50% over the 16-year period. A size-based ecosystem model for the subtropical Pacific captures this pattern well as a response to increased fishing effort. Further, the model projects a decline in the abundance of fishes larger than 15 kg results in an increase in abundance of animals from 0.1 to 15 kg but with minimal subsequent cascade to sizes smaller than 0.1 kg. These results suggest that size-based predation plays a key role in structuring the subtropical ecosystem. These changes in ecosystem size structure show up in the fishery in various ways. The non-commercial species lancetfish (mean weight 7 kg) has now surpassed the target species, bigeye tuna, as the species with the highest annual catch rate. Based on the increase in snake mackerel (mean weight 0.8 kg) and lancetfish catches, the discards in the fishery are estimated to have increased from 30 to 40% of the total catch

Enhancing layered enterprise architecture development through conceptual structures

Enterprise Architecture (EA) enables organisations to align their information technology with their business needs. Layered EA Development (LEAD) enhances EA by using meta-models made up of layered meta-objects, interconnected by semantic relations. Organisations can use these meta-models to benefit from a novel, ontology-based, object-oriented way of EA thinking and working. Furthermore, the meta-models are directed graphs that can be read linearly from a Top Down View (TDV) or a Bottom Up View (BUV) perspective. Conceptual Structures through CG-FCA (where CG refers to Conceptual Graph and FCA to Formal Concept Analysis) is thus used to traverse the TDV and BUV directions using the LEAD Industry 4.0 meta-model as an illustration. The motivation for CG-FCA is stated. It is discovered that CG-FCA: (a) identifies any unwanted cycles in the ‘top-down’ or ‘bottom-up’ directions, and (b) conveniently arranges the many pathways by which the meta-models can be traversed and understood in a Formal Concept Lattice. Through the LEAD meta-model exemplar, the wider appeal of CG-FCA and directed graphs are also identified

Intraspecific Variation in Vertical Habitat Use by Tiger Sharks (Galeocerdo cuvier) in the Western North Atlantic

Tiger sharks (Galeocerdo cuvier) are a wide ranging, potentially keystone predator species that display a variety of horizontal movement patterns, making use of coastal and pelagic waters. Far less, however, is known about their vertical movements and use of the water column. We used pop-up satellite archival tags with two data sampling rates (high rate and standard rate tags) to investigate the vertical habitat use and diving behavior of tiger sharks tagged on the Puerto Rico–Virgin Islands platform and off Bermuda between 2008 and 2009. Useable data were received from nine of 14 sharks tagged, tracked over a total of 529 days. Sharks spent the majority of their time making yo-yo dives within the upper 50 m of the water column and considerable time within the upper 5 m of the water column. As a result, sharks typically occupied a narrow daily temperature range (~2°C). Dives to greater than 200 m were common, and all sharks made dives to at least 250 m, with one shark reaching a depth of 828 m. Despite some similarities among individuals, a great deal of intraspecific variability in vertical habit use was observed. Four distinct depth distributions that were not related to tagging location, horizontal movements, sex, or size were detected. In addition, similar depth distributions did not necessitate similar dive patterns among sharks. Recognition of intraspecific variability in habitat use of top predators can be crucial for effective management of these species and for understanding their influence on ecosystem dynamics

Oceanography : plankton in a warmer world

Author Posting. © Nature Publishing Group, 2006. This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here by permission of Nature Publishing Group for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Nature 444 (2006): 695-696, doi:10.1038/444695a.Satellite data show that phytoplankton biomass and growth generally decline as the oceans’ surface waters warm up. Is this trend, seen over the past decade, a harbinger of the future for marine ecosystems

Ly6cLo non-classical monocytes promote resolution of rhesus rotavirus-mediated perinatal hepatic infammation

Perinatal hepatic inflammation can have devastating consequences. Monocytes play an important role in the initiation and resolution of inflammation, and their diverse functions can be attributed to specific cellular subsets: pro-inflammatory or classical monocytes (Ly6c(Hi)) and pro-reparative or non-classical monocytes (Ly6c(Lo)). We hypothesized that inherent differences in Ly6c(Hi) classical monocytes and Ly6c(Lo) non-classical monocytes determine susceptibility to perinatal hepatic inflammation in late gestation fetuses and neonates. We found an anti-inflammatory transcriptional profile expressed by Ly6c(Lo) non-classical monocytes, and a physiologic abundance of these cells in the late gestation fetal liver. Unlike neonatal pups, late gestation fetuses proved to be resistant to rhesus rotavirus (RRV) mediated liver inflammation. Furthermore, neonatal pups were rendered resistant to RRV-mediated liver injury when Ly6c(Lo) non-classical monocytes were expanded. Pharmacologic inhibition of Ly6c(Lo) non-classical monocytes in this setting restored susceptibility to RRV-mediated disease. These data demonstrate that Ly6c(Lo) monocytes promote resolution of perinatal liver inflammation in the late gestation fetus, where there is a physiologic expansion of non-classical monocytes, and in the neonatal liver upon experimental expansion of these cells. Therapeutic strategies directed towards enhancing Ly6c(Lo) non-classical monocyte function may mitigate the detrimental effects of perinatal liver inflammation