On a class of time-Fractional continuous-State branching processes

We propose a class of non-Markov population models with continuous or discrete state space via a limiting procedure involving sequences of rescaled and randomly time-changed Galton – Watson processes. The class includes as specific cases the classical continuous-state branching processes and Markov branching processes. Several results such as the expressions of moments and the branching inequality governing the evolution of the process are presented and commented. The generalized Feller branching diffusion and the fractional Yule process are analyzed in detail as special cases of the general model

Analysis of Metal Cutting Acoustic Emissions by Time Series Models

We analyse some acoustic emission time series obtained from a lathe machining process. Considering the dynamic evolution of the process we apply two classes of well known stationary stochastic time series models. We apply a preliminary root mean square (RMS) transformation followed by an ARMA analysis; results thereof are mainly related to the description of the continuous part (plastic deformation) of the signal. An analysis of acoustic emission, as some previous works show, may also be performed with the scope of understanding the evolution of the ageing process that causes the degradation of the working tools. Once the importance of the discrete part of the acoustic emission signals (i.e. isolated amplitude bursts) in the ageing process is understood, we apply a stochastic analysis based on point processes waiting times between bursts and to identify a parameter with which to characterise the wear level of the working tool. A Weibull distribution seems to adequately describe the waiting times distribution

Modulation of microRNA editing, expression and processing by ADAR2 deaminase in glioblastoma.

Background: ADAR enzymes convert adenosines to inosines within double-stranded RNAs, including microRNA (miRNA) precursors, with important consequences on miRNA retargeting and expression. ADAR2 activity is impaired in glioblastoma and its rescue has anti-tumoral effects. However, how ADAR2 activity may impact the miRNome and the progression of glioblastoma is not known. Results: By integrating deep-sequencing and array approaches with bioinformatics analyses and molecular studies, we show that ADAR2 is essential to edit a small number of mature miRNAs and to significantly modulate the expression of about 90 miRNAs in glioblastoma cells. Specifically, the rescue of ADAR2 activity in cancer cells recovers the edited miRNA population lost in glioblastoma cell lines and tissues, and rebalances expression of onco-miRNAs and tumor suppressor miRNAs to the levels observed in normal human brain. We report that the major effect of ADAR2 is to reduce the expression of a large number of miRNAs, most of which act as onco-miRNAs. ADAR2 can edit miR-222/221 and miR-21 precursors and decrease the expression of the corresponding mature onco-miRNAs in vivo and in vitro, with important effects on cell proliferation and migration. Conclusions: Our findings disclose an additional layer of complexity in miRNome regulation and provide information to better understand the impact of ADAR2 editing enzyme in glioblastoma. We propose that ADAR2 is a key factor for maintaining edited-miRNA population and balancing the expression of several essential miRNAs involved in cancer

Glyco-gold nanoparticles: Synthesis and applications

Glyco-gold nanoparticles combine in a single entity the peculiar properties of gold nanoparticles with the biological activity of carbohydrates. The result is an exciting nanosystem, able to mimic the natural multivalent presentation of saccharide moieties and to exploit the peculiar optical properties of the metallic core. In this review, we present recent advances on glyco-gold nanoparticle applications in different biological fields, highlighting the key parameters which inspire the glyco nanoparticle design

A New Derivation of the CPT and Spin-Statistics Theorems in Non-Commutative Field Theories

We propose an alternative axiomatic description for non-commutative field theories (NCFT) based on some ideas by Soloviev to nonlocal quantum fields. The local commutativity axiom is replaced by the weaker condition that the fields commute at sufficiently large spatial separations, called asymptotic commutativity, formulated in terms of the theory of analytic functionals. The question of a possible violation of the CPT and Spin-Statistics theorems caused by nonlocality of the commutation relations $[\hat{x}_\mu,\hat{x}_\nu]=i\theta_{\mu\nu}$ is investigated. In spite of this inherent nonlocality, we show that the modification aforementioned is sufficient to ensure the validity of these theorems for NCFT. We restrict ourselves to the simplest model of a scalar field in the case of only space-space non-commutativity.Comment: The title is new, and the analysis in the manuscript has been made more precise. This revised version is to be published in J.Math.Phy

Effects of zinc supplementation on cognitive function in healthy middle-aged and older adults: the ZENITH study

A randomised double-blind placebo-controlled design was employed to investigate the effects of Zn supplementation on cognitive function in 387 healthy adults aged 55–87 years. Several measures of visual memory, working memory, attention and reaction time were obtained using the Cambridge Automated Neuropsychological Test Battery at baseline and then after 3 and 6 months of 0 (placebo), 15 or 30 mg Zn/d. Younger adults (70 years), and performance improved with practice on some measures. For two out of eight dependent variables, there were significant interactions indicating a beneficial effect (at 3 months only) of both 15 and 30 mg/d on one measure of spatial working memory and a detrimental effect of 15 mg/d on one measure of attention. Further work is required to establish whether these findings generalise to older adults in poorer mental and physical health and with less adequate Zn intake and status than the present sample

Effects of mixed of a ketogenic diet in overweight and obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a commonly occurring endocrine disorder characterized by hirsutism, anovulation, and polycystic ovaries. Often comorbid with insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and obesity, it also carries significant risk for the development of cardiovascular and metabolic sequelae, including diabetes and metabolic syndrome. The relationship between central obesity and the development of insulin resistance is widely verified. Adipose tissue excess and the coexistent dysregulation of adipocyte functions directly contribute to the pathogenesis of the metabolic complications observed in women with PCOS. In the light of these evidence, the most therapeutic option prescribed to obese women with PCOS, regardless of the phenotype e from the severity of clinical expression, is lifestyle correction by diet and physical activity. The aim of this study is to evaluate the beneficial effects of ketogenic diet in 17 obese women with PCOS. Our results showed that the ketogenic diet inducing therapeutic ketosis, improves the anthropometric and many biochemical parameters such as LH, FSH, SHBG, insulin sensitivity and HOMA index. In addition, it induces a reduction in androgenic production, whereas the contextual reduction of fat mass reduced the acyclic production of estrogens deriving from the aromatization in the adipose tissue of the androgenic excess, with an improvement of the LH/FSH ratio. This is the first study on the effects of the ketogenic diet on PCOS, however, further studies are needed to elucidate the mechanism underlying ketogenic diet effects

Speciation in Western North America: Lomatium as an Example of Diversification and Convergent Evolution

Species delimitations and understanding the processes that drive speciation are essential to nearly all aspects of human endeavor. Determining species boundaries traditionally used morphology. Phylogenetic analyses based on DNA sequence data provide a means to resolve species boundaries, as well as test hypotheses regarding the evolutionary processes. Numerous species radiations have occurred in Western North America. Among these are several plant groups such as Astragalus, Artemisia, and Lomatium. Recent phylogenetic analyses of Lomatium and related genera have demonstrated that many of the morphological characters used to delimit taxa have arisen multiple times and that most taxa are para- or polyphyletic. Here we examine one of the clades recovered in the Lomatium group of taxa that includes Lomatium triternatum and L. grayi. The several subspecific taxa of L. triternatum have not been recovered as monophyletic and L. grayi has a widespread habitat distribution that may indicate cryptic speciation. Previous analyses have not fully resolved phylogenetic relationships with strong support. In the present study we sample an additional four loci (three chloroplast and one nuclear ribosomal) to improve the support for evolutionary relationships across this clade, resolve species boundaries, and test hypotheses on the evolution of morphological traits

Relação entre o sistema renina angiotensina e as respostas cardiovasculares promovidas pelo exercício físico

Introduction and Objective: The renin angiotensin system (RAS) has an important function in the homeostasis of cardiovascular system, and the activation of the classical pathway results in the formation of angiotensin II which lead to increased blood pressure (BP). Whereas exercice interferes in cardiovascular responses to angiotensin II and consequently reduces the BP. Whereas exercice interferes in cardiovascular responses, this study aimed to review the literature regarding the possible relationship of physical training with the RAS.Methods: The work was divided into sessions of studies involving animals and studies involving humans. Searches were performed in Medline database, and the main criteria were samples with animals ou humans and articles published in English. After applied the inclusion and exclusion criteria, we selected 12 articles involving animals and 8 involving humans.Results: The studies involving animals and humans have shown that there is a relationship between physical training and RAS, and  cardiovascular responses observed after exercice may have some relationship with the RAS. Furthermore, studies in humans have shown that polymorphisms in some genes of the RAS may also be crucial to the cardiovascular responses found after exercice. Conclusion: Given the recent research linking cardiovascular responses after exercice with the SRA, this relationship seems to be important to consider the mechanism responsible for promoting certain cardiovascular responses after exercise, such as hypotension.Introdução e objetivos: O sistema renina angiotensina (SRA) apresenta importante função na homeostase do sistema cardiovascular, e a ativação da via clássica resulta na formação de angiotensina II, que leva ao aumento da pressão arterial (PA). No entanto, novos estudos tem evidenciado a ativação da via da angiotensina (1-7), a qual apresenta respostas contrárias a Angiotensina II e consequentemente reduz a PA. Considerando que o exercício físico interfere nas repostas cardiovasculares, este estudo teve o propósito de revisar a literatura quanto a possível relação do treinamento físico com o SRA.Métodos: o trabalho foi dividido em sessões de estudos que envolveram animais e estudos com seres humanos. A busca destes estudos foi realizada na base Medline e os principais critérios foram amostras com animais ou seres humanos e artigos publicados em inglês. Depois de aplicados os critérios de inclusão e exclusão, foram encontrados 12 artigos envolvendo animais e oito envolvendo seres humanos.Resultados: Os estudos demonstraram que existe uma relação entre o treinamento físico e o SRA, sendo que as respostas cardiovasculares observadas após o exercício físico pode apresentar alguma relação com o SRA. Além disso, estudos com seres humanos demonstraram que polimorfismos em alguns genes do SRA podem ser determinantes para as respostas cardiovasculares encontradas após o exercício físico. Considerações finais: Tendo em vista as recentes investigações que relacionam as respostas cardiovasculares após o exercício físico com o SRA, esta relaçação parece ser importante ao considerar os mecanismos responsáveis por promover determinadas respostas cardiovasculares após o exercício físico como a hipotensão.