Micro-holographic methods for sub-micrometer grating fabrication in fused silica with UV femtosecond laser

The optical layouts incorporating binary phase diffractive grating and a standard micro-objective were used for femtosecond microfabrication of periodical structures in fused silica. Two beams, generated in Talbot type interferometer, interfered on a surface and in the bulk of the sample. The method suggested allows better control over the transverse size of the grating pitch, and thus control the reflection strength of the waveguide or fibre grating. We present the examples of direct inscription of the sub-micrometer periodical structures using a 267 nm femtosecond laser radiation

Study of sulfur isotopes by vibrational spectroscopy and quantum chemistry

The results show the dependence of the experimental and calculated frequencies in the IR- and Raman spectra from the molecular mass of the sulfur isotope. The effect of a sulfur isotope shifts on the change of thermodynamic parameters. The results obtained demonstrate that the quantum-chemical calculations are sensitive to the isotopic shifts in the vibrational spectra of sulfur isotopes and are able to assess changes in their thermodynamic properties

Quantum chemical study of the structure and properties of isotopically pure lead chalcogenides

In the present work the theoretical methods B3LYP/SDD, GGA and BP86/TZ2P were used for quantum-chemical calculations of lead chalcogenides. It is shown that these levels of theory are applicable for assessment of their geometric parameters, Raman and IR spectra and thermodynamic characteristics. It is shown that there are correlations between the experimental and calculated characteristics of lead sulphide, selenide and telluride. The influence of different isotopes of lead, sulphur, selenium and tellurium on the thermodynamic parameters and the Raman spectra for the lead chalcogenides is shown

Epizootiological and Epidemiological Characteristics of Rabies in Russia in 2019–2021

The review presents an analysis of the epizootic and epidemic situations on rabies in the Russian Federation in 2019–2021. During that period, there was a decrease in the activity of the epizootic process to the level of the 1990s characterized by overhunting of the fox, raccoon dog and corsac. The number of identified potentially hazardous areas declined by 20 %, and the number of sick animals registered in them decreased from 18 to 10. Since 2018, the share of domestic animals has prevailed over wild animals in the structure of animal incidence, and in 2021, the proportion of detected cases of rabies in wild animals was the smallest (37.9 %) over 11 years of observation (2011–2021). The leading role in maintaining the circulation of the rabies pathogen belonged to the fox, which accounted for 34.8–29.9 % of all animal cases in 2019–2021. The raccoon dog actively contributed to the circulation of the virus in the European part of Russia. Since 2012, a downward trend in the incidence of rabies among the population has been established (Tdw. = –9.5 %), the average long-term indicator was 5 cases per year. Dogs and cats that got involved into epizootic process predominated among the sources of hydrophobia – approximately 50 % of the cases. Poor compliance with the rules for keeping pets has led to an increase in human infection with rabies due to the animals in 2020–2021. In 2019–2021, the participation of bats in infecting humans with lyssavirus was established, which draws the attention to the need to study the role of bats in the circulation of lyssaviruses, primarily in the Far East. The risk of rabies infection persisted in almost all regions of the country. In the 21st century, natural foci of infection are ubiquitous in Russia

Prospects for cooling of marine organisms with the ice using chitosan and its polyelectrolyte complexes

A new cooling medium for storage of fish and seafood is proposed - frozen water solution of polysaccharides of natural origin, as the natural biopolymer chitosan. Rational concentration of its solution for producing the chitosan ice is determined experimentally. Organoleptic, physical, and microbiological parameters of the ice prepared from solution of polyelectrolyte complexes of chitosan and its co-polymers are examined. Better results for cooling of marine raw materials are shown for the solution of polyelectrolyte complexes based on chitosan with sodium alginate and carboxymethyl cellulose. The chitosan-alginate ice is distinguished by higher density and homogeneous consistency within the temperature range from -5 to +5оC. Antiseptic microbiological activity of the chitosan-alginate ice is in 2.3 times higher as compared with the water ice and in 1.8 times higher than for the chitosan ice. High technological properties of the ice of polyelectrolyte complexes of chitosan with sodium alginate provide good prospects for its using in technology of cooling in fishery industry

Application of Molecular Typing Methods for Analysis of Strains of Rickettsiae of the Spotted Fever Group and Rabies Virus

50 strains of spotted fever group (SFG) rickettsiae and 36 lyssaviruses strains from the collection of Omsk Research Institute of Natural Focus Infections were identified and typed using the approaches of molecular biology, epidemiology and bioinformatics. The taxonomic status of the studied cultures of SFG rickettsiae was identified. Zonation of the Russian Federation territories according to the spread of SFG pathogenic rickettsiae in their hosts - ixodic ticks was carried out. Lyssaviruses distribution in the territory of Siberia was considered

Differentiation markers of neurodegeneration (Aβ40, Aβ42, PrP27-30) in Alzheimer's disease and prion diseases on the designed silicon biochips

В работе представлены результаты экспериментальных исследований по конструированию нанотехнологических платформ для управляемой адсорбции, детекции и идентификации с использованием атомно-силовой микроскопии маркеров нейродегенерации – β-амилоидов Аβ40, Aβ42, прионного PrP27-30 белка. Полученные результаты важны для оценки степени выраженности дегенеративно-дистрофических изменений в ЦНС, усовершенствования методов диагностики и прогнозирования скорости развития патологического процесса в зависимости от концентрации и конформационной структуры амилоидогенных белков.The article presents the experimental results on design of nanotechnological platforms for controlled adsorption, detection and identification using atomic force microscopy markers of the neurodegeneration – β-amyloids β40, β42, prion PrP27-30 protein. The obtained results are important for assessing the severity of degenerative-dystrophic changes in the central nervous system, improving the methods for diagnosis and predicting the rate of development of the pathological process, depending on the concentration and conformational structure of amyloidogenic proteins

ТЕКТОНИКА И МОДЕЛЬ ФОРМИРОВАНИЯ ОНЕЖСКОГО СИНКЛИНОРИЯ В ПАЛЕОПРОТЕРОЗОЕ

Consideration is being given to the Onega Paleoproterozoic structure (Onega synclinorium, OS) as a tectonotype of intraplate negative structures, which experience intermittent subsidence over a long period of time. The paper presents a model of the OS and discusses its tectonic evolution. The model is based on the geological and structural data, already published and collected so far by the authors, as well as on the data concerning the OS deep structure, particularly on the interpretation of the 1-EV seismic profile and potential fields. The proposed model illustrates an example of conjectured interaction between different geodynamic factors and explains reasons for the development of the OS throughout the Paleoproterozoic, including the periods of intense subsidence and magmatism, inversions of local basins comprising the Onega trough, and deformations of the Paleoproterozoic strata. An important role in the formation of the OS was played by shear dislocations within an imbricate fan of its controlling Central-Karelian shear zone. The shear dislocations were accompanied by rotation of a large block located to the west of the OS, which led to the rotational-indentational interaction between adjacent blocks and to compensated coexistence among transtensional and transpressional regimes along their separating shear zone. Compensatory dynamic mechanism also manifested itself in crustal layers at the base of the OS. Horizontal flow of the mid-crustal masses and their outflow from the depression were compensated by the development of deep-seated thrust duplexes and uplifts around the depression as well as by the upper crustal extension associated with low-angle dilatant normal faulting. Successive propagation of these faults, dynamically related to shear dislocations within an imbricate fan of the Central Karelia zone, controlled the formation features and southward migration of the OS-contained basins as well as magmatic and syllogenesis-related occurrences. Multilayered subhorizontal flow of low-viscosity rocks at the base and inside the OS section against the background of shear dislocations gave rise to the occurrence of crest-like and diapir-like folding. The processes of OS formation occurred amid the development and localization of active mantle plumes and asthenospheric diapirs. One of the factors of their development and localization were the phenomena of relative decompression within the imbrication fan of the Central Karelian shear zone.Охарактеризовано строение и разработана модель тектонической эволюции Онежской палеопротерозойской структуры (синклинория, ОС), представляющей собой тектонотип внутриплитных отрицательных структур, испытывавших периодическое прогибание на протяжении длительного времени. Модель разработана на основе обобщения опубликованных и авторских геолого-структурных материалов, а также сведений о глубинном строении ОС, в частности интерпретации сейсмического разреза 1-ЕВ и потенциальных полей. Модель иллюстрирует пример сопряженного взаимодействия различных геодинамических факторов и объясняет причины длительного формирования ОС на протяжении всего палеопротерозоя, включая периоды интенсивного прогибания и магматизма, инверсии составляющих Онежский прогиб локальных бассейнов и деформации палеопротерозойских толщ. При формировании ОС большое значение имели сдвиговые дислокации, проявленные в пределах имбрикационного веера Центрально-Карельской зоны сдвига, контролирующего позицию этой структуры. Сдвиговые перемещения были сопряжены с вращением крупного блока, расположенного западнее ОС, что привело к ротационно-инденторному взаимодействию смежных блоков и компенсационному сосуществованию областей транспрессии и транстенсии вдоль разделяющей их зоны сдвига. Компенсационный динамический механизм проявился и в коровых слоях основания ОС. Горизонтальное течение и отток среднекоровых масс из области депрессии компенсировались формированием глубинных надвиговых дуплексов и поднятий в обрамлении депрессии, а также растяжением верхней коры с развитием систем пологих дилатансионных сбросов. Последовательная пропагация этих сбросов, динамически сопряженных со сдвиговыми нарушениями имбрикационного веера Центрально-Карельской зоны, контролировала особенности формирования и миграцию бассейнов ОС в южном направлении, а также проявления магматизма и силлогенеза. Многоярусное субгоризонтальное течение маловязких пород в основании и внутри разреза ОС, проявившееся на фоне сдвиговых дислокаций, привело к развитию гребневидной и диапироподобной складчатости. Процессы формирования ОС проходили на фоне высокой активности мантийных плюмов и астеносферных диапиров. Одним из факторов их развития и локализации были явления относительной декомпрессии в пределах имбрикационного веера Центрально-Карельской зоны сдвига

The optical identifcation of events with poorly defined locations: The case of the Fermi GBM GRB140801A

We report the early discovery of the optical afterglow of gamma-ray burst (GRB) 140801A in the 137 deg$^2$ 3-$\sigma$ error-box of the Fermi Gamma-ray Burst Monitor (GBM). MASTER is the only observatory that automatically react to all Fermi alerts. GRB 140801A is one of the few GRBs whose optical counterpart was discovered solely from its GBM localization. The optical afterglow of GRB 140801A was found by MASTER Global Robotic Net 53 sec after receiving the alert, making it the fastest optical detection of a GRB from a GBM error-box. Spectroscopy obtained with the 10.4-m Gran Telescopio Canarias and the 6-m BTA of SAO RAS reveals a redshift of $z=1.32$. We performed optical and near-infrared photometry of GRB 140801A using different telescopes with apertures ranging from 0.4-m to 10.4-m. GRB 140801A is a typical burst in many ways. The rest-frame bolometric isotropic energy release and peak energy of the burst is $E_\mathrm{iso} = 5.54_{-0.24}^{+0.26} \times 10^{52}$ erg and $E_\mathrm{p, rest}\simeq280$ keV, respectively, which is consistent with the Amati relation. The absence of a jet break in the optical light curve provides a lower limit on the half-opening angle of the jet $\theta=6.1$ deg. The observed $E_\mathrm{peak}$ is consistent with the limit derived from the Ghirlanda relation. The joint Fermi GBM and Konus-Wind analysis shows that GRB 140801A could belong to the class of intermediate duration. The rapid detection of the optical counterpart of GRB 140801A is especially important regarding the upcoming experiments with large coordinate error-box areas.Comment: in press MNRAS, 201