Intersection problem for Droms RAAGs

We solve the subgroup intersection problem (SIP) for any RAAG G of Droms type (i.e., with defining graph not containing induced squares or paths of length 3): there is an algorithm which, given finite sets of generators for two subgroups H,K of G, decides whether $H \cap K$ is finitely generated or not, and, in the affirmative case, it computes a set of generators for $H \cap K$. Taking advantage of the recursive characterization of Droms groups, the proof consists in separately showing that the solvability of SIP passes through free products, and through direct products with free-abelian groups. We note that most of RAAGs are not Howson, and many (e.g. F_2 x F_2) even have unsolvable SIP.Comment: 33 pages, 12 figures (revised following the referee's suggestions

Investigación de parámetros bioquímicos y perfil de citocinas en ovejas con ectima contagioso: inmunología del ectima infeccioso

Objective. Contagious ecthyma is a worldwide zoonotic disease with a wide host range and high morbidity that causes serious economic losses.  Materials and methods. 28 unvaccinated sheep aged 1-4 months showing clinical symptoms of ecthyma and 10 healthy sheep in the same age range were used. Measurements were taken of ALB, ALT, BUN, CHOL, CRE, GGT, GLU, TBIL and TP. The obtained crusts were homogenized before performing extraction and PCR. ELISA was used to determine IL-2 and IL-4 levels in the PCR-positive animal serum. Results. The biochemical analysis revealed that ALT, BUN, GGT, and CRE values in infected animals were significantly higher than in the control group (p=0.000 and p= 0.001) whereas TP and GLU values were significantly lower (p=0.000). There were no significant differences in ALB, CHOL, and TBIL values (p=0.1, p=0.05, p=0.08).  Regarding the immune profile, infected animals had significantly higher IL-2 (%28) and IL-4 (%60) levels than the control group (p=0.008 and p=0.001). Conclusion. The findings indicate that Th1 (IL-2) and Th2 (IL-4) cytokines coexist while the dominant cytokine response in infected animals is Th2. It is thought that the result will help us better understand the pathogenesis and treatment options of the disease.Objetivo. El ectima contagioso es una enfermedad zoonótica mundial con una amplia gama de hospedadores y una alta morbilidad que causa graves pérdidas económicas.  Materiales y métodos. Se utilizaron 28 ovejas no vacunadas de 1 a 4 meses que presentaban síntomas clínicos de ectima y 10 ovejas sanas del mismo rango de edad. Se tomaron medidas de ALB, ALT, BUN, CHOL, CRE, GGT, GLU, TBIL y TP. Las costras obtenidas se homogeneizaron antes de realizar la extracción y PCR. Se usó ELISA para determinar los niveles de IL-2 e IL-4 en el suero animal positivo a PCR. Resultados. El análisis bioquímico reveló que los valores de ALT, BUN, GGT y CRE en los animales infectados fueron significativamente más altos que en el grupo de control (p = 0,000 yp = 0,001) mientras que los valores de TP y GLU fueron significativamente más bajos (p = 0,000). No hubo diferencias significativas en los valores de ALB, CHOL y TBIL (p = 0,1, p = 0,05, p = 0,08). En cuanto al perfil inmune, los animales infectados tenían niveles de IL-2 (28%) e IL-4 (60%) significativamente más altos que el grupo de control (p = 0,008 yp = 0,001). Conclusión. Los hallazgos indican que las citocinas Th1 (IL-2) y Th2 (IL-4) coexisten mientras que la respuesta de citocinas dominante en los animales infectados es Th2. Se cree que el resultado nos ayudará a comprender mejor la patogenia y las opciones de tratamiento de la enfermedad

Prevalence of latent acidotic stress in dairy cows in the Sanliurfa region

This study aimed to determine the incidence of latent acidotic stress (LAS), which is an important problem in dairy cow breeding in Turkey, to investigate net acid-base excretion in urine, and to provide veterinary doctors with information about the early diagnosis and treatment of LAS. Two study groups were formed according to the rumen fluid pH values: LAS group (19 cows) with 5.2 < pH < 6.0 (19 cows) and healthy group (81 cows) with 6.0 < pH < 7.2. Blood, urine and ruminal fluid samples were taken after a general clinical examination of the animals. The physical properties of the rumen fluid, methylene blue reduction time, total infusoria number, and volatile fatty acid (VFA) amounts were determined. In addition, examinations of blood gases, urine pH, and net acid-base excretion (NABE) were performed. The general physical examination did not reaveal any statistically significant difference in the body temperature between the LAS group (n = 19) and the control group (n = 81) (p = 0.614), but a significant increase in the heartbeat, respiratory frequency, and the number of rumen movements was observed in the LAS group (p = 0.001). The following findings were observed in the rumen fluid from cows of the LAS group: decreased methylene blue reduction time (p = 0.001), decreased pH (p = 0.001) and infusoria density (p = 0.001), increased sedimentation time (p = 0.001) and total VFA amount (p = 0.001), no flotation. Compared with the healthy cows, the LAS group showed decreased blood pH (p = 0.001) and oxygen pressure (pO(2)) (p = 0.001), increased carbon dioxide pressure (pCO(2)), base excess (BE) and bicarbonate (HCO3) values (p = 0.001), and decreased urine pH (p = 0.001) and net acid-base excretion (p = 0.001) values. The incidence of latent acidotic stress in dairy cows in the Sanliurfa region was determined as 19%. In addition, it was concluded that net acid-base excretion values in urine can be used as an auxiliary parameter in the diagnosis of LAS and can be easily applied in the field

Investigación de parámetros bioquímicos y perfil de citocinas en ovejas con ectima contagioso

Objective. This study investigated the serum biochemistry parameters and interleukins (IL-2, IL-4) in sheep naturally infected with infectious ecthyma, identified the immune types formed, and revealed the direction of the dominant cytokine response. Materials and methods. 28 unvaccinated sheep aged 1-4 months showing clinical symptoms of ecthyma and 10 healthy sheep in the same age range were used. Measurements were taken of albumin (ALB), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), urea nitrogen (BUN), cholesterol (CHOL), creatinine (CRE), gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), glucose (GLU), total bilirubin (TBIL) and total protein (TP). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to determine interleukin levels in the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) positive animal serum. Results. The biochemical analysis revealed that ALT, BUN, GGT, and CRE values in infected animals were significantly higher than in the control group (p=0.000 and p= 0.001) whereas TP and GLU values were significantly lower (p=0.000). There were no significant differences in ALB, CHOL, and TBIL values (p=0.1, p=0.05, p=0.08). Regarding the immune profile, infected animals had significantly higher IL-2 (%28) and IL-4 (%60) levels than the control group (p=0.008 and p=0.001). Conclusions. The findings indicate that Th1 (IL-2) and Th2 (IL-4) cytokines coexist while the dominant cytokine response in infected animals is Th2.Keywords: Immunology; interleukin; zoonosis (Source: AIMS, MeSH)</p