1844-1845 yıllarına ait temettuat defterlerine göre İnegöl kazası’nın sosyo-ekonomik durumu

06.03.2018 tarihli ve 30352 sayılı Resmi Gazetede yayımlanan “Yükseköğretim Kanunu İle Bazı Kanun Ve Kanun Hükmünde Kararnamelerde Değişiklik Yapılması Hakkında Kanun” ile 18.06.2018 tarihli “Lisansüstü Tezlerin Elektronik Ortamda Toplanması, Düzenlenmesi ve Erişime Açılmasına İlişkin Yönerge” gereğince tam metin erişime açılmıştır.Osmanlı Devleti'nin XIX. yüzyıl ortalarında içinde bulunduğu demografik ve soyo-ekonomik yapısına dair fevkalade zengin bilgiler sunan ve tanzimatla birlikte şekillenmiş olan vergilerin kaydedildiği defterlere Temettuat defterleri denilmektedir. Başbakanlık Osmanlı Arşivleri'nde bulunan bu defterlerin araştırılması ve bilgilerinin gün yüzüne çıkarılması dönemin demografik, soysal ve ekonomik hayatına ışık tutacak ve kapalılığı giderecektir.Bu tezde Hüdavendigâr sancağı dâhilinde bulunan İnegöl Kazası'na ait toplam 127 defter incelenmiş ve bu defterlerde geçen bilgilerle istatistikî sonuçlara ulaşılmıştır. Üç bölümden oluşan tezin giriş bölümünde çalışmanın konusu, önemi, amacı ve yöntemi ile İnegöl'ün kısa tarihi hakkında bilgi verilmiştir.Birinci bölümde, genel anlamda temettuat defterlerinin üslubu, içeriği, kapsamı ve özelde de İnegöl temettuat defterleri hakkında bilgiler sunulmuş, değerlendirmeler yapılmıştır.İkinci bölümde, İnegöl Kazası'nın sosyal ve demografik yapısı incelenmiş, mahalle ve köylerin yerleşimi, nüfusu, hane reislerinin isimleri, unvan ve lakapları, tablolar ve grafikler yardımıyla aktarılmıştır.Üçüncü bölümde ise; İnegöl Kazası'nın iktisadi yönü, gelir dağılımı, gelir kaynakları, tarım arazileri ve topraklarının mahalle ve köylere göre dağılımları ele alınmıştır. Hayvancılığın, vergi çeşitlerinin mahalle ve köylere göre dağılımları tablolar ve grafikler eklenerek incelenmiştir.Sonuç bölümünde ise; çalışmadan elde edilmiş olan bulgular ana hatlarıyla ortaya konulmuş ve konuya ne derecede katkı sağladığı vurgulanmıştır. Bu anlamda bir takım tespitler de aktarılarak çalışma sonlandırılmıştır.Notebooks which give crucial information about socio-economic and demographic structure of Ottoman Empire at the middles of 19th century are called ?Temettuat Notebooks?. They took their shapes after the reform movements. Studying on these notebooks that are stored at the Premiership of Ottoman Archieves is very important in order to lighten the demographic and socio-economic situation of mentioned period.In this thesis, 127 Temettuat notebooks belong to İnegöl in Hüdavendigar County are examined and obtained information is evaluated by using statistical methods. It is divided by 3 categories. In the entrance part, the subject of the study, its important, its purpose and methods and a short history of İnegöl are shared.In the first part, usual content and language of Temettuat Notebooks are mentioned. As a special case, some evaluations are placed about İnegöl Temettuat notebooks about content and language.In the second part, social and demographic conditions of İnegöl county are studied. What is more, location, population, names, nicknames, apellations and occupations of chieftains of families are searched by following statistical methods.In the third part, financial structure of İnegöl, distribution of imcome, sources of income, agricultural terrains, distribution of agricultural terrains according to villages and districts, animal husbandry, distribution of animal husbandry according to villages and districts, types of taxation in İnegöl and distribution of them according to villages and districts are studied by using charts and graphics.In the conclusion part, information taken from this study is evaluated and its contributions is questioned. By sgaring some determinations the study is concluded

The consequences of internal marketing activities on emotional labor in tourism industry

In today`s globalized business environments the road to survival and success is through customer satisfaction. Particularly for the service companies, employees are also required to show emotional labor in the service delivery in addition to their physical performance based on the fact that customer satisfaction is directly related to the emotions displayed by employees. Canalizing employees to perform emotional labor is an important issue. Here, the internal marketing practices emerge as a managerial tool. Accordingly employees perceptions towards internal marketing practices that are considered to have important consequences on companies,  and the way internal marketing practices affect employees ‘emotional labor behavior are the matters of concern.  The purpose of this study is to examine how internal marketing activities in tourism enterprises affect the behavior of emotional labor of the staff working in tourism enterprises. In this study, the effects of internal marketing activities on to the behavior of emotional labor of employees were examined. The survey was conducted on 136 employees working in hotel businesses operating in the Kocaeli province tourism sector and the hypotheses developed to investigate whether the internal marketing policies applied by hotel operators affect the behavior of emotional labor and the hypotheses developed for this purpose were tested with structural equation model as the SmartPLS 2.0. The literature of the study as conceptually has been extensively reviewed and after the analysis the findings of the research have been interpreted according to the literature. Findings show that internal marketing practices are positively and significantly related to surface acting and deep acting. Moreover, findings do not provide any empirical evidence to support the direct relationship between internal marketing practices and emotional mismatch. In addition to that, in the study some issues such as the importance of emotional labor for tourism enterprises and the relationship between the practices of internal marketing and emotional labor are discussed and suggeste

Evaluation of diagnostic findings and scoring systems in outcome prediction in acute pancreatitis

AIM: To determine factors related to disease severity, mortality and morbidity in acute pancreatitis. METHODS: One hundred and ninety-nine consecutive patients were admitted with the diagnosis of acute pancreatitis (AP) in a 5-year period (1998-2002). In a prospective design, demographic data, etiology, mean hospital admission time, clinical, radiological, biochemical findings, treatment modalities, mortality and morbidity were recorded. Endocrine insufficiency was investigated with oral glucose tolerance test. The relations between these parameters, scoring systems (Ranson, Imrie and APACHE II) and patients' outcome were determined by using invariable tests and the receiver operating characteristics curve. RESULTS: One hundred patients were men and 99 were women; the mean age was 55 years. Biliary pancreatitis was the most common form, followed by idiopathic pancreatitis (53% and 26%, respectively). Sixty-three patients had severe pancreatitis and 136 had mild disease. Respiratory rate > 20/min, pulse rate > 90/min, increased C-reactive protein (CRP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels, organ necrosis > 30% on computed tomography (CT) and leukocytosis were associated with severe disease. The rate of glucose intolerance, morbidity and mortality were 24.1%, 24.8% and 13.6%, respectively. CRP > 142 mg/L, BUN > 22 mg/dL, LDH > 667 U/L, base excess > -5, CT severity index > 3 and APACHE score > 8 were related to morbidity and mortality. CONCLUSION: APACHE H score, LDH, base excess and CT severity index have prognostic value and CRP is a reliable marker for predicting both mortality and morbidity

The Aspects of Technology That Slow Down Foreign Language Learning

Due to the rapid development of the world in all aspects, social, economic, educational, etc. among nations, interactions have reached a high level. As a result of interactions, the need to learn a foreign language has arisen and the importance given to it has increased. Due to the importance given to foreign language, many traditional and technological ways have been used to teach the target language. Today, technological paths are at their peak. In this study, we tried to draw attention to the negative aspects of technology, which has a wide range if not paid attention to, on students trying to learn a foreign language. This article is discussed in order to show that the speed and convenience of technology when used unconsciously will spend students more than the language learning time they are aiming for

Turizm Yazınında Toplumsal Cinsiyet: Türkiye’de Yapılan Lisansüstü Tezlerin Bibliyometrik Analizi

Bu araştırmanın amacı turizm konulu lisansüstü tezler içerisinde “toplumsal cinsiyet” başlığını içeren çalışmaların bibliyometrik analiz yöntemi kullanılarak incelenmesidir. Bu amaç doğrultusunda yapılan çalışmada incelenen lisansüstü tezlere Yüksek Öğrenim Kurumu (YÖK) Tez Merkezi’nden ulaşılmıştır. 2006-2022 yılları arasında erişme açık olan 7’si doktora ve 24’ü yüksek lisans tezi olmak üzere toplam 31 lisansüstü tez çalışma kapsamına dâhil edilmiştir. Çalışma Türkiye’de turizm ve toplumsal cinsiyet kavramlarının ilk kez bibliyometrik analiz yöntemiyle ele alınması açısından önem arz etmektedir. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre “turizm” konulu ve içerisinde “toplumsal cinsiyet” başlığı bulunan lisansüstü tezlerinin büyük çoğunluğunun yüksek lisans derecesine sahip tezler olduğu gözlemlenmiştir. Yazılan lisansüstü tezlerin yöntemleri incelendiğinde; nicel yöntemin 16, nitel yöntemin 14 ve karma yöntemin 1 tezde kullanıldığı görülmüş ve kullanılan yöntem sayılarında yakınlık olduğu anlaşılmıştır. Lisansüstü tez çalışmalarını yürüten 62 birey biyolojik cinsiyet bakımından incelendiğinde ise, kadın bireylerin (44) çalışmaya daha çok önem verdiği tespit edilmiştir

NUTRITION TYPES IN HEALTHY INFANTS AND INFANT FEEDING PRACTICES OF MOTHERS: QUESTIONNAIRE STUDY

Amaç: Çalışma, ailelerin anne sütü verilmesi ve bebek beslenmesi konusundaki uygulamalarını belirlemek ve bu uygulamalar üzerine etkili olabilecek çocuk ve aile ile ilgili faktörleri araştırmak amacıyla yapıldı. Gereç ve yöntem: Çalışmaya yaşları 10-18 ay arası (ortalama:14,4 ± 0,2 ay) olan 111 bebek alındı. Çalışma, Sağlam Çocuk Polikliniği'ne aşı uygulaması veya rutin kontrol için getirilen bebeklerin annelerine anket soruları sorulması ile gerçekleştirildi. Bulgular: 52 bebeğe (%46,8) doğumdan sonra ilk yarım saatte anne sütü başlanmıştı. Ankete katılan tüm aileler ilk 24 saatte anne sütü vermeye başlamışlardı. Bebeklerin ek gıdaya başlama zamanları ortalama 5,5 ± 0,1 ay idi. İlk 4 ayda ek gıdalara başlama oranı % 19,8 bulundu. Bunların %14'üne ek gıda başlanmasını bir hekim önermişti. Ailenin ekonomik geliri ile ve annenin eğitim durumu ile anne sütüne ilk başlama zamanı, sadece anne sütü verme zamanı, ek gıdalara başlama zamanı ve inek sütüne başlama zamanı açısından anlamlı farklılık saptanmadı (p>0,05). Annelerin %80,0'i (89 anne) profesyonel destek almanın bebeklerinin beslenmesine pozitif yönde katkı sağladığını belirtti. Sonuç: Çalışmamızda anne sütü verilme oranlarının ülkemiz genel verilerinden daha iyi olması annelere bebek beslenmesi konusunda düzenli eğitim verilmesinden kaynaklanıyor olabilir. Bebek beslenme pratikleri konusunda düzenli olarak ailelere eğitim verilmesi, bebeklerin doğru beslenmesi konusunda en önemli uygulamalardan biridir. Objective: To study attidutes of the families and practices on breastfeeding and to delineate the factors affecting these attidutes and practices of parents or children. Material and method: 111 infants with a mean age of 14.4 ± 0.2 months (range 10-18 months) was studied. A questionnaire was filled by mothers of children presenting for immunization or routine health control. Results: Of the infants, 52 (%46.8) had received breastmilk within the first ½ hour after delivery. All infants had received brastmilk within the first 24 hours after delivery. Average time for initiation of supplemental feeding was 5.5 ± 0.1 months. The 19.8 % of infants had received supplemental feeding within the first 4 months. Fourteen per cent of these were adviced to do so by a physician. Monthly family income and mothers' educational status was not related to time of first breastfeeding, time of starting supplemental feeds, and time of starting cow's milk (p>0.05). Of all mothers %80 indicated that professional councelling had a positive effect on their infants nutrition Conclusion: Breastfeeding ratios in our study were higher than the national average. This may have resulted from professional councelling provided to mothers in our institution. Providing professional education on infant feeding is one of the most important factors to correct infant nutrition

Evaluation of the current disease severity scores in paediatric FMF: Is it necessary to develop a new one?

Objectives: Modified adult disease severity scoring systems are being used for childhood FMF. We aim to test the clinical consistency of two common severity scoring systems and to evaluate the correlation of scores with the type of FMF mutations in paediatric FMF patients since certain mutations are prone to severe disease.Methods. Two hundred and fifty-eight children with FMF were cross-sectionally studied. Assessment of the disease severity was performed by using the modified scoring systems of Mor et al. and Pras et al. Genetic analysis was performed using PCR and restriction endonuclease digestion methods for the presence of 15 FMF gene mutations. FMF mutations were grouped into three based on well-known genotypic-phenotypic associations. Correlation between the mutation groups and the severity scoring systems was assessed. The consistency of the severity scoring systems was evaluated.Results. The results of two scoring systems were not statistically consistent with each other (κ = 0.171). This inconsistency persisted even in a more homogeneous subgroup of patients with only homozygote mutations of M694V, M680I and M694I (κ = 0.125). There was no correlation between the mutation groups and either of the scoring systems (P = 0.002, r = 0,196 for scoring systems of Mor et al.; P = 0.009, r = 0.162 for Pras et al.).Conclusions. The inconsistency of the two scoring systems and lack of correlation between the scoring systems and mutation groups raises concerns about the reliability of these scoring systems in children. There is a need to develop a scoring system in children based on a prospective registry. © The Author 2011. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the British Society for Rheumatology. All rights reserved

Effect of ANA positivity on clinical picture of the JIA: should ANA positive JIA be classified as a different group?

PubMe

The association of silicosis severity with pectoralis major muscle and subcutaneous fat volumes and the pulmonary artery/aorta ratio evaluated by CT

PURPOSESilicosis is an incurable occupational disease that sometimes rapidly progresses with fatal outcomes. We aimed to evaluate the association between disease severity and the change in the pectoralis major muscle volume (PMV), subcutaneous fat volume (SFV), and the pulmonary artery/aorta (P/Ao) ratio in patients with silicosis using computed tomography (CT).METHODSThe study included 41 male silicosis patients and 41 control group subjects with available chest CT images. Using dedicated software, we measured PMV and SFV from the axial CT images. We calculated the P/Ao ratio and obtained body mass index (BMI) and forced expiratory volume/forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC) results from hospital records. We used the chest X-ray profusion score according to the International Labor Organization (ILO) classification to evaluate the severity of the silicosis.RESULTSThe mean age was 33.5±4.4 and 34.7±4.7 years in the silicotic and control groups, respectively. The mean BMI, PMV, SFV, and P/Ao values significantly differed between the study and control groups (P = 0.0009, P < 0.0001, P < 0.0001, and P = 0.0029, respectively). According to the ILO classification, there were 12 silicosis patients in category 1, 13 in category 2, and 16 in category 3. A significant difference was found between disease categories in terms of PMV, SFV, P/Ao, BMI, and FEV1/FVC values (P = 0.0425, P = 0.0341, P = 0.0002, P = 0.0492, and P = 0.0004, respectively).CONCLUSIONDisease severity had a stronger association with decreased PMV and SFV and increased P/Ao ratios than BMI in patients with silicosis caused by denim sandblasting. Thus, CT evaluation might be a useful indicator of disease severity