Efficient Channel Modeling Methods for Mobile Communication Systems

Siirretty Doriast

Memristive Circuits for LDPC Decoding

We present design principles for implementing decoders for low-density parity check codes in CMOL-type memristive circuits. The programmable nonvolatile connectivity enabled by the nanowire arrays in such circuits is used to map the parity check matrix of an LDPC code in the decoder, while decoding operations are realized by a cellular CMOS circuit structure. We perform detailed performance analysis and circuit simulations of example decoders, and estimate how CMOL and memristor characteristics such as the memristor OFF/ON resistance ratio, nanowire resistance, and the total capacitance of the nanowire array affect decoder specification and performance. We also analyze how variation in circuit characteristics and persistent device defects affect the decoders.</div

Large-scale memristive associative memories

Associative memories, in contrast to conventional address-based memories, are inherently fault-tolerant and allow retrieval of data based on partial search information. This paper considers the possibility of implementing large-scale associative memories through memristive devices jointly with CMOS circuitry. An advantage of a memristive associative memory is that the memory elements are located physically above the CMOS layer, which yields more die area for the processing elements realized in CMOS. This allows for high-capacity memories even while using an older CMOS technology, as the capacity of the memory depends more on the feature size of the memristive crossbar than on that of the CMOS components. In this paper, we propose the memristive implementations, and present simulations and error analysis of the autoassociative content-addressable memory, the Willshaw memory, and the sparse distributed memory. Furthermore, we present a CMOS cell that can be used to implement the proposed memory architectures.</div

Coexistence of DTT and Mobile Broadband: A Survey and Guidelines for Field Measurements

This article provides a survey and a general methodology for coexistence studies between digital terrestrial television (DTT) and mobile broadband (MBB) systems in the ultra high frequency (UHF) broadcasting band. The methodology includes characterization of relevant field measurement scenarios and gives a step-by-step guideline on how to obtain reliable field measurement results to be used in conjunction with link budget analyses, laboratory measurements, and simulations. A survey of potential European coexistence scenarios and regulatory status is given to determine feasible future use scenarios for the UHF television (TV) broadcasting band. The DTT reception system behavior and performance are also described as they greatly affect the amount of spectrum potentially available for MBB use and determine the relevant coexistence field measurement scenarios. Simulation methods used in determining broadcast protection criteria and in coexistence studies are briefly described to demonstrate how the information obtained from field measurements can be used to improve their accuracy. The presented field measurement guidelines can be applied to any DTT-MBB coexistence scenarios and to a wide range of spectrum sharing and cognitive radio system coexistence measurements.</p

Coexistence of DTT and Mobile Broadband: A Survey and Guidelines for Field Measurements

This article provides a survey and a general methodology for coexistence studies between digital terrestrial television (DTT) and mobile broadband (MBB) systems in the ultra high frequency (UHF) broadcasting band. The methodology includes characterization of relevant field measurement scenarios and gives a step-by-step guideline on how to obtain reliable field measurement results to be used in conjunction with link budget analyses, laboratory measurements, and simulations. A survey of potential European coexistence scenarios and regulatory status is given to determine feasible future use scenarios for the UHF television (TV) broadcasting band. The DTT reception system behavior and performance are also described as they greatly affect the amount of spectrum potentially available for MBB use and determine the relevant coexistence field measurement scenarios. Simulation methods used in determining broadcast protection criteria and in coexistence studies are briefly described to demonstrate how the information obtained from field measurements can be used to improve their accuracy. The presented field measurement guidelines can be applied to any DTT-MBB coexistence scenarios and to a wide range of spectrum sharing and cognitive radio system coexistence measurements

M.Serratus anteriorin EMG-aktiivisuuden vertaaminen eri alustoilla ja käsien eri asennoissa tehdyssä Push up plus-liikkeessä

Suomessa vuonna 2000 olkapääkipuja viimeisen kuukauden aikana oli kokenut noin 20 % väestöstä. Lapaluun hallinnan puute rinnastetaan yleisesti olkapään kiputiloihin. Lapaluun virheelliset asennot ja – liikemallit voivat hoitamattomana johtaa patologisiin kiputiloihin. M. Serratus anterior (SA) on yksi tärkeimmistä lapaluuta stabiloivista ja liikuttavista lihaksista, jonka hallinnan puute tai lihasaktivaation aleneminen on yhtenä osasyynä lapaluun heikkoon hallintaan. SA:n sähköistä aktiivisuutta on tutkittu elektromyografilla (EMG) eri harjoitusliikkeissä useissa tutkimuksissa. Tutkimusten perusteella Push up Plus –liike (PuP) on todettu SA:a tehokkaasti aktivoivaksi liikkeeksi. Opinnäytetyön tarkoituksena oli tutkia SA:n lihasaktiivisuutta EMG:n avulla neljällä eri alustalla PuP -liikkeessä. Tarkoituksena oli myös tutkia kuinka olkavarren sisäkierto vaikuttaa SA:n aktivaatiotasoon. Tutkimukseen osallistui yhdeksän tervettä henkilöä (n=9), jotka suorittivat PuP -liikkeen neljällä eri alustalla. Kolmella alustalla PuP –liike suoritettiin olkavarren olleessa neutraaliasennossa sekä 45° sisäkierrossa. SA:n lihasaktiivisuutta mitattiin Delsys -laitteiston pinnallisilla EMG sensoreilla, jotka kiinnitettiin SA:n keskiosaan. Mitattavilta liikkeistä saatu data suodatettiin mean absolute value suodatinta käyttäen, ja saatu data siirrettiin Excel-taulukkolaskentaohjelmaan. Saaduista millivolttiarvoista suljettiin pois virhepiikit, jonka jälkeen kymmenestä korkeimmasta luvusta laskettiin huippuarvon keskiarvo jokaisesta liikkeestä. Keskiarvot muutettiin prosentuaaliseksi jakaumaksi, joista laskettiin koko otannan prosentuaalinen keskiarvo joka liikkeelle. Tutkimustulosten mukaan SA:n aktiivisuus oli korkein lattialla suoritetussa PuP-liikkeessä, olkavarren ollessa 45° sisäkierrossa. Olkavarren 45 asteen sisäkierto lisäsi SA:n aktiivisuutta. Johtopäätöksenä selvisi, että normaali kuntoutujalle PuP-liike on tehokkain suoritettuna lattialla verrattuna muihin alustoihinAbout 20% of the Finnish people suffered from shoulder pain in the year 2000. Loss of scapular control is usually associated with shoulder disorders. Abnormal scapular positions and movement patterns can lead to pathological shoulder disorders if untreated. M. serratus anterior (SA) is one of the most important muscles that stabilize and mobilize the scapula. Lack of control or decreased muscle activation of the SA are some of the reasons for the loss of scapular control. Activation of the SA muscle in different exercises has been examined with electromyography (EMG) in many studies. According to research, the Push up plus –exercise (PuP) has been found to be an effective exercise in activating the SA. The objective of the study was to investigate muscle activation of the SA by using the Delsys surface EMG. The second objective was to examine how the rotation of the shoulder impacts on muscle activation. Nine healthy persons (n=9) participated in the study. The PuP –exercise was performed with knees raised on four different platforms and with two different hand positions (45° internal rotation of the humerus and neutral positions) on three of the platforms. The collected data was filtered with the Mean Absolute Value (MAV), and the MAV filtered data was exported to Excel. Untypical power peaks were rejected from the millivolt results. The average of ten highest peaks was calculated from the approved results in all seven movements. The averages were changed to percentages which were used in calculating the average in every movement of the whole group. According to the results, the activity of the SA was highest during the PuP on the floor, when the humerus was 45° internally rotated. 45° internal rotation increased muscle activity in SA. The conclusion of the study was that PuP performed on the floor was effective for the patient compared to other platforms

2019 IEEE Intelligent Transportation Systems Conference (ITSC)

Abstract— Designing accurate and automatic multi-target detection is a challenging problem for autonomous vehicles. To address this problem, we propose a late multi-modal fusion framework in this paper. The framework provides complimentary information from RGB and thermal infrared cameras in order to improve the detection performance. For this purpose, it first employs RetinaNet as a dense simple deep model for each input image separately to extract possible candidate proposals which likely contain the targets of interest. Then, all proposals are generated by concatenating the obtained proposals from two modalities. Finally, redundant proposals are removed by Non-Maximum Suppression (NMS). We evaluate the proposed framework on a real marine dataset which is collected by a sensor system onboard a vessel in the Finnish archipelago. This system is used for developing autonomous vessels, and records data in a range of operation and climatic conditions. The experimental results show that our late fusion framework can get more detection accuracy compared with middle fusion and uni-modal frameworks. </p