On the determinicity of paths on substitution complexes

The paper is devoted to the study of combinatorial determinacy properties of a family of substitution complexes consisting of quadrilaterals glued side-to-side with each other. These properties are useful in constructing algebraic structures with a finite number of defining relations. In particular, this method was used when constructing a finitely presented infinite nisemigroup satisfying the identity x^9 =0. This construction responds to the problem of L. N. Shevrin and M. V. Sapir. In this paper, we investigate the possibility of coloring the entire sequence of complexes into a finite number of colors, in which the property of weak determinism is fulfilled: if the colors of the three vertices of a certain quadrilateral are known, then the color of the fourth side is uniquely determined, except in some cases of a special arrangement of the quadrilateral.Comment: in Russian languag

КАЧЕСТВО ОВЧИН И ГИСТОЛОГИЧЕСКОЕ СТРОЕНИЕ КОЖИ МОЛОДНЯКА ОВЕЦ, ПОЛУЧЕННОГО С ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕМ ПОРОДЫ ДОРПЕР

The research explores the qualitative parameters of sheepskin and histological structure of Kalmyk lambs skin and cross breeds obtained when crossing Kalmyklambs and Dorper sheepskinned lambs. Scientific and production experience was conducted at “Agrofirma Aduciya” enterprise in the Republicof Kalmykiain 2018. The authors explored sheepskin commodity properties at the histological level was conducted on the lambs after fattening at the age of 6 months. According to the area of sheep skin, the crossbred lambs of the 2nd (experimental) group surpassed the lambs od the 1st (control) group by 11.08 dm2 (or 11.8%). This difference is explained by higher fattening qualities of the weighed young stock, which have shorter length and wider width of sheepskin. This is explained by the blackness of the animal’s body after fattening. The lambs of the control group had more developed epidermis, a reticular layer and a larger skin thickness, which is characteristic of rough-wool sheep breeds. The lambs of the experimental group have more developed pilar layer, which is typical for the cattle with semi-fine and thin woolen assortments. The density of wool follicles in the crossbred lambs was 3.3% higher in comparison with the control group lambs; the density index (the ratio of secondary to primary follicles) was 12.7% higher. The lambs of the control group have 44th quality wool (39.65 mkm), it has down, crossing hair, beard hair, i.e. rough wool; the crossing lambs of the experimental group have 56th quality wool (29.25 µm), i.e. semi-fine wool. The sheepskin products with softer pile will cost higher.Целью исследований явилось изучение качественных показателей овчин и гистологического строения кожи баранчиков калмыцкой курдючной породы и помесей, полученных на основе скрещивания овцематок калмыцкой курдючной породы с баранами породы дорпер. Научно- производственный опыт проводился в ООО «Агрофирма Адучи» (Республика Калмыкия) в 2018 г. Изучение особенностей товарных свойств овчин на гистологическом уровне проводилось на баранчиках после откорма в возрасте 6 месяцев. По площади овчин помесные баранчики 2-й (опытной) группы имели превосходство на 11,08 дм 2 , или на 11,8%, по сравнению со сверстниками 1-й (контрольной) группы. Такая разница обусловлена более высокими откормочными качествами помесного молодняка, у которого длина овчины меньше, а ширина больше, что объясняется компактностью телосложения животного после откорма. Животные контрольной группы имели более развитый эпидермис, ретикулярный слой и большую общую толщину кожи, что свойственно грубошерстным породам овец. У молодняка опытной группы более развит пилярный слой, что характерно для животных с полутонкими и тонкими сортиментами шерсти. Общая густота волосяных фолликулов у помесных баранчиков по сравнению со сверстниками контрольной группы была больше на 3,3%, а показатель густоты (отношение вторичных фоликулов к первичным) на 12,7 %. У баранчиков контрольной группы шерсть 44-го качества (39,65 мкм), она имеет пух, переходный волос, ость, т. е. грубая, а у помесей опытной группы – 56-го качества (29,25 мкм), т. е. полутонкая, поэтому изделия из этой овчины с более мягким ворсом будут иметь и более высокую стоимость

Results of long-term biological monitoring of pacific salmons in the hatcheries of Kamchatsky Krai

The following biological problems of the pacific salmons cultivation in Kamchatka are considered on the base of long-term monitoring data (2001-2013): 1) dynamics of cultivated salmons abundance in the water bodies of salmon hatcheries; 2) salmon otolith marking; 3) biological state of salmon juveniles and adults; 4) epizooty in hatcheries; 5) assessment of hatcheries effectiveness and prospects of salmon cultivation in Kamchatka. Four pacific salmon species are cultivated in Kamchatka: chum salmon (~ 60-70 %), sockeye salmon (~ 25-30 %), chinook salmon (~ 2-3 %), and coho salmon (~ 2-3 %). Their total annual release from Kamchatka hatcheries is estimated as approximately 36 million juveniles on average for the period 2001-2013. Mean contribution of chinook, sockeye and coho salmons cultivated in Kamchatka to the total release of these species from all Far-Eastern hatcheries is 100 %, 95 % and 35 %, respectively, but the contribution of chum salmon does not exceed 3-5 % of its total release. Total annual return of the salmons to Kamchatka hatcheries is about 38,000 on average, so the coefficients of return are usually < 1 % that means rather poor effectiveness of the hatcheries. The highest coefficient of return (2.1 %) is reached in Malkinsky hatchery that uses local geo-thermal water for rearing of salmon juveniles. To enhance the returns, illegal fishing (poaching) should be limited as much as possible and technologies of rearing have to be enhanced. Besides, the process of otoliths marking for cultivated juveniles in hatcheries has to be strictly controlled by technical standards for better evaluation of their contribution to commercial stocks. Promising ways of salmon fishery industry development in Kamchatka are ranching, supporting of wild salmon reproduction, and regulation of traditional fishery. All these measures should minimize effects of hatchery cultivation on structure of the stocks of pacific salmons. Health surveillance for hatchery-reared juveniles has to prevent and/or reduce their mortality in case of infectious, parasitical, alimentary and others diseases

ВЛИЯНИЕ РАЗЛИЧНЫХ ТЕХНОЛОГИЙ СОДЕРЖАНИЯ НА ФИЗИЧЕСКОЕ И ФИЗИОЛОГИЧЕСКОЕ РАЗВИТИЕ РЕМОНТНЫХ СВИНОК

The paper find out the regularities of physical and physiological development of the replacement young pigs, bred at different housing technologies. The experiment was conducted in OOO “SVK” Krasnogvardeyskiy district (industrial technology) and “SHP Svobodny trud” (traditional technology) of Novoselytsya districts of Stavropol Territory. In order to conduct the experiment on the basis of analogues, the Company selected bipedal pigs (50% large white (CB) + 50% Landrace (L)) aged one month. Each group had 25 pigs. In order to study the development of reproductive organs at the age of 6 and 8 months, a control slaughter of experimental animals was carried out (3 pigs from each group). The live body weight of 6-month-old pigs in OOO “SVK” averaged 110 kg, while in OOO “SHP “Svobodnyy trud” the animals weight was 67-70 kg. At the age of 8 months, the weight of animals in “SHP “Svobodnyy trud” was 103-110 kg, and in OOO “SVK” - 145-150 kg. At the age of 180 days the animal reproductive organs were at the initial stage of development. Only primary follicles of 0.1-0.3 cm in diameter were observed in ovaries weighing 3.1-3.5 g. The bipedal hybrids grown on the intensive technology were inferior to the pigs with the traditional technology of breeding for the development of reproductive organs. They had a lower uterine weight by 9.1%, ovarian weight by 12.9%, and the length of uterine and ovarian horns by 10.9 and 8.6%, respectively. Repair pigs grown according to the traditional technology had ovaries weighing 9.2 g and had fresh yellow bodies. When growing guinea pigs under industrial technology, the rejection of first-pigs amounted to 63.6%, while in the case of animals grown under traditional technology, this indicator was within 26.6%.Целью работы являлось установление закономерностей физического и физиологического развития ремонтного молодняка свиней, выращиваемых при различных технологиях содержания. Опыт проводился в ООО «СВК» Красногвардейского (промышленная технология) и ООО «СХП “Свободный труд”» (традиционная технология) Новоселицкого районов Ставропольского края. Для проведения опыта по принципу аналогов отобрали двухпородных свинок (50% крупная белая (КБ) +50% ландрас (Л)) в возрасте одного месяца. В каждой группе было по 25 свинок. С целью изучения развития репродуктивных органов в возрасте 6 и 8 месяцев провели контрольный убой подопытных животных (по 3 головы из каждой группы). Живая масса 6-месячных свинок в ООО «СВК» составила в среднем 110 кг, в то время как в ООО «СХП “Свободный труд”» масса животных равнялась 67– 70 кг. В 8-месячном возрасте масса животных в ООО «СХП “Свободный труд”» составила 103–110, а в ООО «СВК» – 145-150 кг. В возрасте 180 дней репродуктивные органы животных находятся на начальной стадии развития. В яичниках массой 3,1–3,5 г наблюдались только первичные фолликулы диаметром 0,1–0,3 см. Двухпородные гибриды, выращенные по интенсивной технологии, уступали свинкам с традиционной технологией выращивания по развитию органов репродукции. Масса матки у них была меньше на 9,1%, масса яичников – на 12,9, а длина рогов матки и яйцеводов меньше соответственно на 10,9 и 8,6%. У ремонтных свинок, выращенных по традиционной технологии, масса яичников составляла 9,2 г и в них имелись свежие желтые тела. При выращивании ремонтных свинок при промышленной технологии выбраковка свиноматок-первоопоросок составила 63,6%, в то время как у животных, выращенных по традиционной технологии, этот показатель был в пределах 26,6%

The need for transformative changes in the use of Indigenous knowledge along with science for environmental decision‐making in the Arctic

© 2020 The Authors. 1. Recent attention to the role of Indigenous knowledge (IK) in environmental monitoring, research and decision-making is likely to attract new people to this field of work. 2. Advancing the bringing together of IK and science in a way that is desirable to IK holders can lead to successful and inclusive research and decision-making. 3. We used the Delphi technique with 18 expert participants who were IK holders or working closely with IK from across the Arctic to examine the drivers of progress and limitations to the use of IK along with science to inform decision-making related to wildlife, reindeer herding and the environment. We also used this technique to identify participants' experiences of scientists' misconceptions concerning IK. 4. Participants had a strong focus on transformative change relating to the structure of institutions, politics, rights, involvement, power and agency over technical issues advancing or limiting progress (e.g. new technologies and language barriers). 5. Participants identified two modes of desirable research: coproducing knowledge with scientists and autonomous Indigenous-led research. They highlighted the need for more collaborative and coproduction projects to allow further refinement of approaches and more funding to support autonomous, Indigenous-led research. 6. Most misconceptions held by scientists concerning IK that were identified by participants related to the spatial, temporal and conceptual scope of IK, and the perceived need to validate IK using Western science. 7. Our research highlights some of the issues that need to be addressed by all participants in research and decision-making involving IK and science. While exact approaches will need to be tailored to specific social-ecological contexts, consideration of these broader concerns revealed by our analysis are likely to be central to effective partnerships.Anglia Ruskin University; EC H2020 Projects INTAROS and CAPARDUS. Grant Numbers: 727890, 869673; Nordic Council of Minister

Photochemical Control over Oscillations in Chemical Reaction Networks

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