Martina Šmejkalová, Praporu věren i ve ztraceném boji : Vladimír Šmilauer – život a dílo filologa (1895-1983)

L’ouvrage dont nous proposons ici une lecture ne peut plus être considéré comme fraîchement sorti des presses, puisqu’il a été publié en 2015 par Academia, la maison d’édition de l’Académie des sciences, dans une série « histoire » avec plusieurs mots-clés dont celui de « biographie ». C’est cependant un ouvrage « nouveau », non seulement dans le temps, mais aussi par bien des aspects. Œuvre majeure, réalisée par notre collègue Martina Šmejkalová, professeur à la Faculté de péd..

NLTE Spectra of Kilonovae

The electromagnetic transient following a binary neutron star merger is known as a kilonova (KN). Owing to rapid expansion velocities and small ejecta masses, KNe rapidly transition into the Non-Local Thermodynamic Equilibrium (NLTE) regime. In this study, we present synthetic NLTE spectra of KNe from 5 to 20 days after merger using the \texttt{SUMO} spectral synthesis code. We study three homogeneous composition, 1D multi-zone models with characteristic electron fractions of $Y_e \sim 0.35, 0.25$ and $0.15$. We find that emission features in the spectra tend to emerge in windows of reduced line blocking, as the ejecta are still only partially transparent even at 20 days. For the $Y_e \sim 0.35$ (lanthanide-free) ejecta, we find that the neutral and singly ionised species of Rb, Sr, Y and Zr dominate the spectra, all with good potential for identification. We directly test and confirm an impact of Sr on the 10000 angstrom spectral region in lanthanide-free ejecta, but also see that its signatures may be complex. We suggest the Rb I $\rm{5p^{1}}$- $\rm{5s^{1}}$ 7900 angstrom transition as a candidate for the $\lambda_0 \sim$ 7500--7900 angstrom P-Cygni feature in AT2017gfo. For the $Y_e \sim 0.25$ and $0.15$ compositions, lanthanides are dominant in the spectral formation, in particular Nd, Sm, and Dy. We identify key processes in KN spectral formation, notably that scattering and fluorescence play important roles even up to 20 days after merger, implying that the KN ejecta are not yet optically thin at this time.Comment: 20 pages (29 with appendices), 17 figures, resubmitted to MNRAS after referee repor

Determination of liver specific toxicities in rat hepatocytes by high content imaging during 2-week multiple treatment

AbstractDILI is a major safety issue during drug development and one of the leading causes for market withdrawal. Despite many efforts made in the past, the prediction of DILI using in vitro models remains very unreliable. In the present study, the well-established hepatocyte Collagen I-Matrigel™ sandwich culture was used, mimicking chronic drug treatment after multiple incubations for 14days. Ten drugs associated with different types of specific preclinical and clinical liver injury were evaluated at non-cytotoxic concentrations. Mrp2-mediated transport, intracellular accumulation of neutral lipids and phospholipids were selected as functional endpoints by using Cellomics™ Arrayscan® technology and assessed at five timepoints (day 1, 3, 7, 10, 14). Liver specific functional impairments after drug treatment were enhanced over time and could be monitored by HCI already after few days and before cytotoxicity. Phospholipidosis-inducing drugs Chlorpromazine and Amiodarone displayed the same response as in vivo. Cyclosporin A, Chlorpromazine, and Troglitazone inhibited Mrp2-mediated biliary transport, correlating with in vivo findings. Steatosis remained difficult to be reproduced under the current in vitro testing conditions, resulting into false negative and positive responses. The present results suggest that the repeated long-term treatment of rat hepatocytes in the Collagen I-Matrigel™ sandwich configuration might be a suitable tool for safety profiling of the potential to induce phospholipidosis and impair Mrp2-mediated transport processes, but not to predict steatosis

Du texte aux données analysables. Lwali n udrar comme corpus

AgzulDeg tezrawt-agi, nra ad d-nesken amek i yelha uḍris n Lwali n udrar d aɣbalu i uslaḍ ama di teskla ama di tesnelsit. Neṭṭef ungal-agi d ammud, deg-s ad d-nekkes iferdisen, ama n umawal, ama d tefyar, ama d tikkisin, ad tent-id-nsewjed i usezrew.AbstractStarting from the text as it is edited, as a novel, we wish in this paper to take the text of Lwali n udrar as a linguistic and literary material to transform it into lexical, sentences and sequential data that can be analyzed in literature and in linguistics

Pour une indexation raisonnée des corpus littéraires kabyles

Ce texte présente un projet en cours portant sur l’indexation des corpus littéraires et leurs traitements informatiques. Trois parties le constituent. La première propose un état de ces corpus en tentant de les situer dans le champ littéraire. La seconde explicite l’opération d’indexation (objet, méthodologie et objectif). La troisième est réservée à la présentation de la base de données conçue pour cette opération d’indexation

Traitements automatiques de manuels scolaires en vue d’applications dictionnairiques

Résumé en tamaziɣtAd d-yawi uḍris-agi ɣef yiwen usenfar n usewjed n yisegzawalen s ttawilat n usemkel aselkim. Deg usenfar-agi, nra ad d-nesken amek ara yuɣal wayen yellan d aḍris d amawal ilmend n usbeddi n usegzawal aɣurbiz. Deg-s ad d-nemmel tarrayt i neḍfer.AbstractThe present text presents a project of realization of dictionary tools from raw corpora using automatic processing. It is precisely a presentation of the methodology of this ongoing project consisting in the production of dictionary documents based on the transformation of the lexical mass of textbooks into dictionary entries.Keywords: dictionary, automatic processing, dictionaries, textbook, data transformatio

Searching for Super-Eddington Quasars using a Photon Trapping Accretion Disc Model

Accretion onto black holes at rates above the Eddington limit has long been discussed in the context of supermassive black hole (SMBH) formation and evolution, providing a possible explanation for the presence of massive quasars at high redshifts (z$\gtrsim$7), as well as having implications for SMBH growth at later epochs. However, it is currently unclear whether such `super-Eddington' accretion occurs in SMBHs at all, how common it is, or whether every SMBH may experience it. In this work, we investigate the observational consequences of a simplistic model for super-Eddington accretion flows -- an optically thick, geometrically thin accretion disc (AD) where the inner-most parts experience severe photon-trapping, which is enhanced with increased accretion rate. The resulting spectral energy distributions (SEDs) show a dramatic lack of rest-frame UV, or even optical, photons. Using a grid of model SEDs spanning a wide range in parameter space (including SMBH mass and accretion rate), we find that large optical quasar surveys (such as SDSS) may be missing most of these luminous systems. We then propose a set of colour selection criteria across optical and infra-red colour spaces designed to select super-Eddington SEDs in both wide-field surveys (e.g., using SDSS, 2MASS and WISE) and deep & narrow-field surveys (e.g., COSMOS). The proposed selection criteria are a necessary first step in establishing the relevance of advection-affected super-Eddington accretion onto SMBHs at early cosmic epochs.Comment: 24 pages, 13 figures, accepted by MNRAS 07/01/202

Ensuring confidence in predictions: A scheme to assess the scientific validity of in silico models

The use of in silico tools within the drug development process to predict a wide range of properties including absorption, distribution, metabolism, elimination and toxicity has become increasingly important due to changes in legislation and both ethical and economic drivers to reduce animal testing. Whilst in silico tools have been used for decades there remains reluctance to accept predictions based on these methods particularly in regulatory settings. This apprehension arises in part due to lack of confidence in the reliability, robustness and applicability of the models. To address this issue we propose a scheme for the verification of in silico models that enables end users and modellers to assess the scientific validity of models in accordance with the principles of good computer modelling practice. We report here the implementation of the scheme within the Innovative Medicines Initiative project “eTOX” (electronic toxicity) and its application to the in silico models developed within the frame of this project