Венерические заболевания в судебно-медицинской практике

СПРАВОЧНЫЕ ПОСОБИЯПОЛОВЫМ ПУТЕМ ПЕРЕДАВАЕМЫЕ БОЛЕЗНИСУДЕБНАЯ МЕДИЦИНАПредставлены данные об этиологии, патогенезе, клинике и диагностике сифилиса, гонореи,СПИДа. Изложены судебно-медицинские проблемы венерических заболеваний

A systematic study of HDDR processing conditions for the recycling of end-of-life Nd-Fe-B magnets

Scrap rare earth permanent magnets from various sources and applications were collected and processed for recycling using hydrogen decrepitation (HD) and hydrogenation disproportionation desorption and recombination (HDDR) processes. The effects of the principle HDDR processing parameters hydrogen pressure, hydrogen desorption rate and temperatures on the magnetic properties of the recycled materials have been investigated systematically. The optimum hydrogen pressures required for the complete disproportionation of the various magnet compositions were determined. We found that a hydrogen heat treatment composed of two steps (780 °C and 840 °C) and a moderate desorption rate can be used for the magnets having a higher Dy and Co content to obtain high quality anisotropic HDDR powders for resin bonded magnet production

Functional Materials for Waste-to-Energy Processes in Supercritical Water

In response to increasing energy demand, various types of organic wastes, including industrial and municipal wastewaters, or biomass wastes, are considered reliable energy sources. Wastes are now treated in supercritical water (SCW) for non-fossil fuel production and energy recovery. Considering that SCW technologies are green and energetically effective, to implement them on a large scale is a worldwide interest. However, issues related to the stability and functionality of materials used in the harsh conditions of SCW reactors still need to be addressed. Here we present an overview on materials used in the SCW technologies for energy harvesting from wastes. There are catalysts based on metals or metal oxides, and we discuss on these materials’ efficiency and selectivity in SCW conditions. We focus on processes relevant to the waste-to-energy field, such as supercritical water gasification (SCWG) and supercritical water oxidation (SCWO). We discuss the results reported, mainly in the last decades in connection to the current concept of supercritical pseudo-boiling (PB), a phenomenon occurring at the phase change from liquid-like (LL) to gas-like (GL) state of a fluid. This review aims to be a useful database that provides guidelines for the selection of the abovementioned functional materials (catalysts, catalyst supports, and sorbents) for the SCW process, starting from wastes and ending with energy-relevant products

Ce and La as substitutes for Nd in Nd2Fe14B-based melt-spun alloys and hot-deformed magnets: A comparison of structural and magnetic properties

Ce and La as very cheap rare-earth elements were used to substitute Nd in nanocrystalline melt-spun ribbons of nominal compositions (Nd1−xREx)13.6FebalCo6.6Ga0.6B5.6 (x = 0, 0.1, 0.2, … 1 for RE = Ce) and (x = 0, 0.1, 0.2, … 0.5 for RE = La). Ce substitution gradually decreased the Nd2Fe14B lattice constants and produced CeFe2 segregation from x = 0.7. La substitution led to lattice expansion along the c-axis and induced segregation of α-Fe and Nd2Fe17 at x = 0.5. Grain coarsening was observed in the Ce-substituted samples while La was found to suppress grain growth. Cerium worsened the magnetic properties of as-spun powders after an initial improvement in (Nd0.9Ce0.1)13.6FebalCo6.6Ga0.6B5.6 alloy which showed a coercivity (µ0Hc) of 1.54 T and a remanence (Br) of 0.81 T. Coercivity dropped with increasing La concentration but remanence increased from 0.73 T in the base composition to 0.88 T at x = 0.3. The Curie temperatures (TC) showed a slight decrease in both cases until x = 0.4. It then dropped abruptly for increasing Ce fractions and increased at x = 0.5 La. For x = 0.2 and 0.3 Ce and x = 0.2 La fractions, the melt-spun samples were further processed by hot-pressing and hot-deformation. The hot-pressed (Nd0.8La0.2)13.6FebalCo6.6Ga0.6B5.6 alloy measured lower coercivity but increased remanence comparing to the Ce-substituted alloys. However, this composition responded poorly to hot-deformation, severe cracking being induced in the process. Due to enhanced hot-workability, best magnetic properties were obtained after deformation for the (Nd0.7Ce0.3)13.6FebalCo6.6Ga0.6B5.6 alloy (µ0Hc = 1.09 T, Br = 0.97 T and energy product (BH)max = 170 kJ/m3)

Structural and compositional evolutions of InxAl1-xN core-shell nanorods grown on Si(111) substrates by reactive magnetron sputter epitaxy

Catalystless growth of InxAl1-xN core-shell nanorods have been realized by reactive magnetron sputter epitaxy onto Si(111) substrates. The samples were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction, scanning transmission electron microscopy, and energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy. The composition and morphology of InxAl1-xN nanorods are found to be strongly influenced by the growth temperature. At lower temperatures, the grown materials form well-separated and uniform core-shell nanorods with high In-content cores, while a deposition at higher temperature leads to the formation of an Al-rich InxAl1-xN film with vertical domains of low In-content as a result of merging Al-rich shells. The thickness and In content of the cores (domains) increase with decreasing growth temperature. The growth of the InxAl1-xN is traced to the initial stage, showing that the formation of the core-shell nanostructures starts very close to the interface. Phase separation due to spinodal decomposition is suggested as the origin of the resultant structures. Moreover, the in-plane crystallographic relationship of the nanorods and substrate was modified from a fiber textured to an epitaxial growth with an epitaxial relationship of InxAl1-xN[0001]//Si[111] and InxAl1-xN[11 (2) over bar0]//Si[1 (1) over bar0] by removing the native SiOx layer from the substrate.Funding Agencies|Swedish Research Council (VR) [621-2012-4420]; Swedish Governmental Agency for Innovation Systems (VINNOVA) under the VINNMER international qualification program; Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation</p