The Comparative Analysis of Face-To-Face, Distant, and Blended Learning in English Language Teaching

Distant and blended learning are modern educational methodologies, gaining popularity among many teachers and students worldwide. These teaching methods became more popular owing to COVID 19 and quarantine measures in education. In this article, we set the aim to compare three methods of teaching a foreign language in the University: traditional (face-to-face), distant and blended, and determine which method yields the best results. The research lasted for one semester and consisted of the following stages: initial – the preparation for experiment; educational – the usage of the selected teaching method; final – collecting results and their analysis. The research results have demonstrated that the blended approach of language teaching proved to be more effective in both the results of the tests. Therefore, blended learning proved to be an effective way of teaching a foreign language in the University.Keywords: traditional learning, distant learning, blended learning, English language teaching.

Harmful Damage of Enhanced Danger: Economic and Legal Aspects

The article is devoted to the study of the legal nature of liability for damage caused by the source of enhanced danger. The conditions and grounds for liability for damage caused by a source of enhanced danger are considered. Determine the obligation to insure civil liability in obligations to compensate for damage caused by a source of enhanced danger. The scientific novelty is to analyze the national legislation on the legal regime of the source of high danger and to identify the elements of the danger of such sources.The article is devoted to the study of the legal nature of liability for damage caused by the source of enhanced danger. The conditions and grounds for liability for damage caused by a source of enhanced danger are considered. Determine the obligation to insure civil liability in obligations to compensate for damage caused by a source of enhanced danger. The scientific novelty is to analyze the national legislation on the legal regime of the source of high danger and to identify the elements of the danger of such sources

Large effect of a small bias field in liquid-crystal magnetic transitions

Most liquid crystals show low sensitivity to magnetic field. However, in this paper we show that a small bias magnetic field not only breaks the symmetry of the ground state, but also plays a crucial role in facilitating the reorientation induced by a large test magnetic field. In particular, a small bias field may alter significantly the strength of the test field needed to observe a given reorientation of the liquid crystal. Moreover, the bias field interacts with other symmetry breaking features of the cell, e.g., pretilt, to change also the qualitative features of the equilibrium state

Voltage transfer function as an optical method to characterize electrical properties of liquid crystal devices

The voltage transfer function is a rapid and visually effective method to determine the electrical response of liquid crystal (LC) systems using optical measurements. This method relies on cross-polarized intensity measurements as a function of the frequency and amplitude of the voltage applied to the device. Coupled with a mathematical model of the device it can be used to determine the device time constants and electrical properties. We validate the method using photorefractive LC cells and determine the main time constants and the voltage dropped across the layers using a simple nonlinear filter model

Nanomechanical optical fiber with embedded electrodes actuated by joule heating

Nanomechanical optical fibers with metal electrodes embedded in the jacket were fabricated by a multi-material co-draw technique. At the center of the fibers, two glass cores suspended by thin membranes and surrounded by air form a directional coupler that is highly temperature-dependent. We demonstrate optical switching between the two fiber cores by Joule heating of the electrodes with as little as 0.4 W electrical power, thereby demonstrating an electrically actuated all-fiber microelectromechanical system (MEMS). Simulations show that the main mechanism for optical switching is the transverse thermal expansion of the fiber structure

Fiber cavities with integrated mode matching optics

In fiber based Fabry-P\'{e}rot Cavities (FFPCs), limited spatial mode matching between the cavity mode and input/output modes has been the main hindrance for many applications. We have demonstrated a versatile mode matching method for FFPCs. Our novel design employs an assembly of a graded-index and large core multimode fiber directly spliced to a single mode fiber. This all-fiber assembly transforms the propagating mode of the single mode fiber to match with the mode of a FFPC. As a result, we have measured a mode matching of 90\% for a cavity length of $\sim$400 $\mu m$. This is a significant improvement compared to conventional FFPCs coupled with just a single mode fiber, especially at long cavity lengths. Adjusting the parameters of the assembly, the fundamental cavity mode can be matched with the mode of almost any single mode fiber, making this approach highly versatile and integrable.Comment: 6 pages, 5 figures, articl

Formation of the Civil-Military Cooperation During the Settlement of the Armed Conflict in the South-East of Ukraine

This article considers the condition of ensuring national security of Ukraine in situations of the armed conflict in some areas of Luhansk and Donetsk regions. It proves the relevance of implementation of civil-military cooperation. The paper provides the analysis of the theoretical basis, tasks and functions of civil-military cooperation. The article explores activities of civil-military cooperation entities in Ukraine. It defines that the current situation in the South-East of Ukraine shows that tasks of monitoring and forecasting civil environment, forming recommendations regarding mutual influence of civil and military’s acts have not been fully accomplished. The paper suggests using programmatic means of supporting decision making that were created on the basis of geoformation systems as a possible way of solving the problems.This article considers the condition of ensuring national security of Ukraine in situations of the armed conflict in some areas of Luhansk and Donetsk regions. It proves the relevance of implementation of civil-military cooperation. The paper provides the analysis of the theoretical basis, tasks and functions of civil-military cooperation. The article explores activities of civil-military cooperation entities in Ukraine. It defines that the current situation in the South-East of Ukraine shows that tasks of monitoring and forecasting civil environment, forming recommendations regarding mutual influence of civil and military’s acts have not been fully accomplished. The paper suggests using programmatic means of supporting decision making that were created on the basis of geoformation systems as a possible way of solving the problems

Light-activated modulation and coupling in integrated polymer-liquid crystal systems

We explore the transfer of an incident light pattern onto the liquid crystal (LC) bulk in a photorefractive cell through an integrated photoconducting layer that modulates the electric field applied to the device. The electrical properties and the strength of modulation are investigated as a function of the incident light intensity as well as the frequency and amplitude of the applied voltage, for two LCs with very different electrical conductivity. A simplified electrical model of the cell is proposed, demonstrating that the LC conductivity is a key factor determining the beam-coupling strength