Maturation of nuclear lamin A involves a specific carboxy-terminal trimming, which removes the polyisoprenylation site from the precursor; implications for the structure of the nuclear lamina.

Lamin A, a nuclear lamina protein of differentiated cells, is synthesized as a precursor of the mature molecule. Protein sequencing of the carboxyterminal 14 kDa fragment shows a lack of the last 18 residues predicted by cDNA sequencing. The carboxy-terminal proteolytic maturation explains previous biochemical results including the loss of the polyisoprenylation site now located to the CXXM motif at the end of the chain. This view and earlier results on lamin B predict multiple post-translational modifications shared by lamins A and B. While retained by lamin B, which is present in all cells, they are lost by maturation from lamin

Do farmers chooseto be inefficient? evidence from Bicol, Philippines

Farming households that differ in their ability, or willingness to take on risks are likely to make different decisions when allocating resources, and effort among income-producing activities, with consequences for productivity. The authors measure voluntary, and involuntary departures from efficiency for rice-producing households in Bicol, Philippines. They take advantage of a panel of household observations from 1978, 1983, and 1994. The unusually long-time span of the panel provides ample opportunities for the surveyed households to learn, and apply successful available technologies. The authors find evidence that diversification, and technology choices do effect outcomes among farmers, although these effects are not dominant. Accumulated wealth, past decisions to invest in education, favorable market conditions, and propitious weather are also important determinants of efficiency outcomes among Bicol rice farmers.Labor Policies,Environmental Economics&Policies,Crops&Crop Management Systems,Economic Theory&Research,Climate Change,Economic Theory&Research,Environmental Economics&Policies,Crops&Crop Management Systems,Agricultural Knowledge&Information Systems,Climate Change

IFCN Cash Crop: Benchmarking Farms Globally Oilseed Production Costs

Vegetable oil production has become one of the fastest expanding cash crop sectors in the last 50 years and it is still increasing rapidly. However the regions of expansion, the sources of plant oil and their importance vary over time. To shed light on this development it is necessary to look at the farm level production systems and their production costs for a variety of countries and oilseeds. In this paper we present the first results of the IFCN Cash Crop Network covering the international comparison of oilseed producing farms. A total of 25 farms with oilseed production have been analysed in compiling this paper. All farms produce at least one of the following oilseeds: soybeans, oilseed rape, sunflower and (two farms) mustard. The farms are located in 14 different countries/regions and represent typical oilseed producing farms in their region/country. The farm data was collected and compiled in all countries and regions by IFCN Partners according to IFCN standards to en-sure its international comparability. The most competitive farms in oilseed production worldwide can be found in South America. The farms in Ukraine also have great potential. At the moment the farms in Argentina show the highest profit margins. The farms from North America can also cover their full costs with the prices they receive for soybeans, sunflower and rape seed.Farm comparisons, Cash Crop production, International competitiveness, International Farm Comparison Network, Oilseed, Benchmarking, Crop Production/Industries,

LUIZ HILDEBRANDO PEREIRA DA SILVA (1928-2014)

LUIZ HILDEBRANDO PEREIRA DA SILVA (1928-2014

El tema de los indicadores en las políticas públicas de derechos humanos-propuestas para su conceptualización y abordaje.

El concepto tradicional de políticas públicas las define como “programas de acción de una autoridad pública o el resultado de la actividad de una autoridad investida de poder público” o como las acciones y omisiones del Estado, que pretenden interpretar las demandas de la sociedad e incidir en la vida de los ciudadanos. Partiendo de ahí, proponemos como concepto de las políticas públicas con enfoque de derechos humanos (ddhh) a la articulación racional de acciones y omisiones del Estado, y sus resultados, basadas en: las obligaciones contraídas voluntariamente por los Estados a través de distintos instrumentos de ddhh y la definición participativa de los principales problemas y necesidades por parte de la población; así como en su participación en el diseño, monitoreo y evaluación. El presente trabajo es una propuesta para la conceptualización y abordaje de los indicadores de ddhh como herramientas de las políticas públicas con enfoque de ddhh

Tropical diseases

Discutem-se os componentes biogeográfico e econômico das doenças tropicais, ou, em sentido mais amplo, das doenças definidas como negligenciadas pela OMS. Doenças tropicais surgem graças a um conjunto de fatores biológicos, ecológicos e evolutivos que condicionam a sua ocorrência exclusivamente às proximidades do Equador, entre os trópicos de Câncer e Capricórnio. Nesse sentido, reconhece-se que há, de fato, uma "fatalidade tropical". Porém, a perpetuação das doenças tropicais em países aí situados depende fundamentalmente da precária situação econômica vigente e é conseqüência direta do subdesenvolvimento.We discuss the biogeographic and economical components of tropical diseases or of neglected diseases in general as defined by the WHO. Tropical diseases result from a conjunction of biological, ecological and evolutionary factors, which are determinant of their selective occurrence in the equatorial region between the Cancer and Capricorn tropics. We submit that indeed there is tropical fatality in that geographical distribution. However, the continued prevalence of Tropical Diseases in tropical countries basically results from their precarious economy and is an immediate consequence of the underdevelopment

A Global Project for Comparative Farm Analysis: The International Farm Comparison Network IFCN

Before IFCN was founded, existing farm-level data sets for international comparisons - if there were any - were not comparable. Differences from country to country regarding methodology applied, extent of data sets (physical and financial figures), and availability of up-to-date figures caused the incomparability. The IFCN is a world-wide association of agricultural scientists, advisors and farmers. Within the framework of this co-operation, farms and agricultural production systems are defined that are typical for their regions. Their economic situation is analysed, and the farms can be projected into the future. At present, the network, which is coordinated by the IFCN-centre in Braunschweig, Germany, operates for three branches: dairy (> 30 countries), beef and cow-calf (15 countries) and cash crop (13 countries). Funding of the network is organised via consortium fees from the partners as well as national and international supporters from agribusiness. The IFCN works on an annual schedule, organises annual conferences and annual reports for each product branch. With the existing data and information base, additional specific studies are carried out. Results comprise total cost, returns and profitability of dairy, beef and cash crop production, cost component analysis, benchmarking of single farms and farm groups, baseline projections, policy impact and farm strategy analysis as well as global sector and product information. The next steps foreseen are to extend the networks to more countries and more farms, to improve the supply reaction analysis on changing framework conditions, to intensify time series analysis of typical farms and prices, to strengthen sector and supply chain analysis, and to enter strategic partnerships with market and sector modelling projects.Farm comparisons, typical farms, international competitiveness, International Farm Comparison Network, Farm Management, Institutional and Behavioral Economics,

Políticas públicas con enfoque de derechos humanos: una propuesta para su conceptualización

En esta breve presentación intentaré una articulación entre el campo de las políticas públicas (PP) y el de los derechos humanos, a partir de una propuesta de conceptualización del Enfoque de derechos humanos en las políticas públicas. Se adelantará, en un primer momento, el concepto propuesto y, en un segundo, una explicación de sus componentes, fundamentos e implicaciones. Antes de iniciar me gustaría hacer una precisión, las PP son una disciplina a medio camino entre la ciencia política y la acción política. El concepto propuesto está centrado en la segunda dimensión. Pretende dar cuenta de criterios generales sobre el cómo gobernar con perspectiva de derechos

Protein chemical analysis of purified murine lamin B identifies two distinct polypeptides B1 and B2.

Lamin B purified from murine EAT cells was characterized by partial protein sequences. Contrary to the current view that mammals express only a single lamin B polypeptide corresponding to a characterized murine cDNA clone, our analysis documents two distinct B lamins. One protein follows the estabished cDNA sequence while the other identifies a novel murine lamin B. Comparison with the two chicken lamin B sequences established by cDNA cloning identifies the first murine lamin B sequence as a B1 type and the second as a B2 type. We conclude that mammals express two distinct lamin B forms as established by others for chicken