Configurational Statistics of Poly(acrylic acid)

Space-configurational features of atactic poly(acrylic acid) in unperturbed and expanded states were analyzed in terms of the extending and coiling tendency of the backbone bond rotational states. Conformational energy calculations were performed for dyads using semi-empirical relations and the statistical analyses using statistical weight matrices U\u27 and U" for respective dyad skeletal bond pairs reduced to the 2 X 2 order. Agreement with the experimental values of the characteristic ratio C = «r2)o/ /nl2) = 6.7 was obtained for \u27yj = 0.3 ± 0.1 and co" = (0.8-2.2), \u27yj expressing the preference for t over the g state and co" being a second order parameter for interactions of pendant groups

Correlation between Fluorimetric and Microbiological Methods for Determination of Cephalexin in Urine and Serum

Peer Reviewe

Menadžment i kontrola programa suzbijanja i eradikacije klasične kuge svinja u Srbiji

Classical swine fever (CSF) has been present in Serbia for a long period of time as an endemic disease, and it occurs with lesser or greater intensity from year to year. Since it is a highly contagious disease of domestic and wild pigs, the outbreaks of the disease causes severe consequences for animal welfare, livestock production and economic losses to the national economies in countries where it occurs. Therefore, CSF has a great epizootiological and economic importance to the swine production, primarily because of trade restrictions for live pigs and pork products. CSF eradication and control programmes are generally based on vaccination strategies in countries with endemic occurrence of CSF or non-vaccination policies in countries which successfully eradicated or are free of CSF. Whatever the general eradication strategy is in place, in the case of an outbreak of CSF the stamping-out method is used for suppression and eradication of the disease, with strict implementation of specific veterinary-sanitary measures in the infected and surveillance zones, clearly defined by legal provisions. In the period before 2006, there were certain regions in Serbia where CSF occurred almost every year, including regions where pig farming was not the primary branch of animal husbandry. Pig identification and implementation of vaccination, as well as the control of trade of pigs from infected areas to other parts of the country were not very successful. Due to the serious losses inflicted by the disease, a new Programme of CSF control was adopted in 2006, which inter alia included the obligatory identification of pigs, registration of pig holdings and free of charge vaccination of all susceptible animals in the country, as well as the implementation of other statutory measures, including obligatory evidence of veterinary activities in the national Veterinary information system. The results obtained in the period after the implementation of the Programme of CSF control (2007, 2008 and 2009) indicate a positive impact on the reduction of outbreaks of CSF, as well as on the reduction of prevalence (p lt 0.001). Also, the effectiveness of vaccination of pigs in 2007 compared to the period before and after the implementation of the Programme was the highest (97.78%), as well as the costs of its implementation.Klasična kuga svinja (KKS) je prisutna u Srbiji prisutna duži vremenski period i sa manjim ili većim intenzitetom javlja se iz godine u godinu. Kako je u pitanju infektivna bolest svinja, a polazeći od karaktera njenog širenja sama pojava bolesti nanosi velike ekonomske štete za privredu svake zemlje. Stoga KKS ima veliki epizootiološki i ekonomski značaj za svinjarsku proizvodnju, a pre svega za stvaranje nesmetane mogućnosti odvijanja prometa svinja i proizvoda od svinjskog mesa. Program kontrole KKS se može izvoditi vakcinacijom ili biti bez nje. Kod pojave bolesti se i u jednom i drugom slučaju za suzbijanje i iskorenjivanje primenjuje metod 'stamping-out', i sprovode se određene veterinarsko-sanitarne mere u zaraženom i ugroženom dvorištu koje su decidno definisane zakonskim propisima. U proteklom periodu u Srbiji su postojali određeni regioni gde se KKS javljala skoro svake godine, a naročito je bila zabrinjavajuća pojava širenja bolesti u regione gde svinjarstvo nije primarna grana stočarstva. Kontrola prometa svinja iz zaraženih područja u druge delove zemlje bila je na niskom nivou. Zbog ozbiljnih gubitaka koje je nanosila pojava bolesti, donet je novi Program kontrole KKS koji između ostalog podrazumeva obavezno obeležavanje svinja i besplatnu vakcinaciju svih prijemčivih životinja u zemlji, kao i sprovođenje drugih zakonom propisanih mera. Dobijeni rezultati u periodu posle sprovođenja Programa kontrole KKS (2008. i 2009. godine) ukazuju na pozitivan uticaj ovih mera na smanjenje pojave žarišta KKS, kao i na smanjenje prevalance (p lt 0,001). Takođe, efikasnost sprovođenja vakcinacije svinja bila je najveća (97,78%) u 2007. godini, u odnosu na period pre i posle sprovođenja Programa

Mass transfer and microbiological profile of pork meat dehydrated in two different osmotic solutions

The effects of osmotic dehydration on mass transfer properties and microbiological profile were investigated in order to determine the usefulness of this technique as pre-treatment for further treatment of meat. Process was studied in two solutions (sugar beet molasses, and aqueous solution of sodium chloride and sucrose), at two temperatures (4 and 22°C) at atmospheric pressure. The most significant parameters of mass transfer were determined after 300 minutes of the dehydration. The water activity (aw) values of the processed meat were determined, as well as the change of the microbiological profile between the fresh and dehydrated meat. At the temperature of 22°C the sugar beet molasses proved to be most suitable as an osmotic solution, despite the greater viscosity

Efekti primene programa kontrole trihineloze na endemskom području u Srbiji

Trichinellosis is a disease that affects both humans and animals, caused by a parasite from the Trichinellidae family and Trichinella genus. Humans get infected by consuming infected and inadequately thermally treated meat from domestic or wild animals containing cocooned infective larvae of T. spiralis. Aside from health problems caused by trichinellosis as a zoonosis, there is no doubt that it represents a serious economic problem for swine meat producers. The research in this paper has been performed in Serbia, in a region which is located at the confluence of two large rivers, and it is the geographical location which makes it an endemic area for the presence of T. spiralis. Epidemiological data pertains to the period of 1995-2003, but also to the period 2003-2009, when the implementation of the program for control and eradication of trichinellosis was complete. The diagnostic testing of cadavers of slaughtered swine for the presence of T. spiralis in the period of 1995-2003 included 41.04% of the slaughtered swine, out of which 0.4281% were positive, and the amount of economic loss was 95301000 dinars or about one million EUR. The infection was confirmed in 432 patients during the research period. The preparation of the program for the control and eradication of trichinellosis has been made in accordance with applicable laws and technological standards, with a clear determination of input and output using a cost-benefit analysis. The effects of its application show a reduction in the number of swine which are positive for the presence of T. spiralis by a factor of three times (p lt 0.01), and the present net value (PNV) and the benefit/cost ratio (B/C) show economic and epidemiological justification.Trihineloza je zajedničko oboljenje ljudi i životinja koje izaziva parazit koji pripada familiji Trichinellidae i rodu Trichinella. Čovek se zarazi tako što konzumira zaraženo, nedovoljno termički obrađeno meso domaćih i divljih životinja u kojima se nalazi učaurena infektivna larva T. spiralis. Pored zdravstvenih problema koje izaziva trihineloza kao zoonoza, nesumljivo je da ona predstavlja i ozbiljan ekonomski problem za proizvođača svinjskog mesa. Ova istraživanja su izvršena u Srbiji na teritoriji jednog regiona koji se nalazi u slivu dve velike reke, i zbog takvog geografskog položaja predstavlja endemsko područje za prisustvo T. spiralis. Epidemiološki podaci se odnose na period 1995-2003. godine, kao i na period 2003- 2009. godine kada je izvršena implementacija programa kontrole i eradikacije trihineloze. Dijagnostičkim ispitivanjem trupova zaklanih svinja na prisustvo T. spiralis u periodu 1995-2003. godina obuhvaćeno je 41.04% zaklanih svinja od čega je bilo 0.4281% pozitivnih svinja, a visina ekonomskih gubitaka iznosila je 95 301 000 dinara ili oko milion EUR-a. U toku posmatranog perioda obolele su 432 osobe. Izrada programa za kontrolu i eradikaciju trihineloze izvršena je na osnovu važećih zakona i tehnoloških standarda, uz jasnu determinaciju 'inputa' i 'outputa' pomoću 'cost-benefit' analize. Efekti njegove primene pokazuju smanjenje broja pozitivnih svinja na prisustvo T. spiralis za tri puta (p lt 0,01), a neto sadašnja vrednost (PNV) i odnos koristi i troškova (B/C) pokazuju ekonomsku i epidemiološku opravdanost

KJU GROZNICA – EPIZOOTIOLOŠKA ENIGMA

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GTI-space : the space of generalized topological indices

A new extension of the generalized topological indices (GTI) approach is carried out torepresent 'simple' and 'composite' topological indices (TIs) in an unified way. Thisapproach defines a GTI-space from which both simple and composite TIs represent particular subspaces. Accordingly, simple TIs such as Wiener, Balaban, Zagreb, Harary and Randićconnectivity indices are expressed by means of the same GTI representation introduced for composite TIs such as hyper-Wiener, molecular topological index (MTI), Gutman index andreverse MTI. Using GTI-space approach we easily identify mathematical relations between some composite and simple indices, such as the relationship between hyper-Wiener and Wiener index and the relation between MTI and first Zagreb index. The relation of the GTI space with the sub-structural cluster expansion of property/activity is also analysed and some routes for the applications of this approach to QSPR/QSAR are also given

Amoeba Techniques for Shape and Texture Analysis

Morphological amoebas are image-adaptive structuring elements for morphological and other local image filters introduced by Lerallut et al. Their construction is based on combining spatial distance with contrast information into an image-dependent metric. Amoeba filters show interesting parallels to image filtering methods based on partial differential equations (PDEs), which can be confirmed by asymptotic equivalence results. In computing amoebas, graph structures are generated that hold information about local image texture. This paper reviews and summarises the work of the author and his coauthors on morphological amoebas, particularly their relations to PDE filters and texture analysis. It presents some extensions and points out directions for future investigation on the subject.Comment: 38 pages, 19 figures v2: minor corrections and rephrasing, Section 5 (pre-smoothing) extende