Theoretical basis for composition of economic strategy for industry development

The article deals with the issues related to analysis of domestic engineering problems with the assessment of the current state of the industry as a whole. Considering the prospects of exiting the current crisis, as well as long-term economic growth we expect general welfare within the sector. As the object of the study the authors have selected the engineering industry of the country. The subject of research is the economic relations between producers and consumers of engineering products, as well as issues of strategy formation and development of the engineering industry. The authors analyzed the state of machine-manufacture and highlighted the problems, the solution of which is most relevant given the government policy of increased import substitution and enhanced productivity. Further analysis was carried out in the sphere of sources of financing and attraction of investment resources for all kinds of enterprises of mechanical engineering, on the basis of which economic development strategy for the industry may be constructed. In addition, the authors propose measures and concrete ways of solving the problems identified by the formation of economic strategy of development of the industry, involving plans of achievement of all the defined targets. As a result of the study authors concluded that the need to stop subsidizing loss-making enterprises, creating a favorable climate for the development of venture companies, in order t introduce innovative technology as soon as possible. These technologies could subsequently be exported together with products of greater added value.peer-reviewe

Metal-free α-amination of secondary amines: Computational and experimental evidence for azaquinone methide and azomethine ylide intermediates

We have performed a combined computational and experimental study to elucidate the mechanism of a metal-free α-amination of secondary amines. Calculations predicted azaquinone methides and azomethine ylides as the reactive intermediates and showed that iminium ions are unlikely to participate in these transformations. These results were confirmed by experimental deuterium-labeling studies and the successful trapping of the postulated azomethine ylide and azaquinone methide intermediates. In addition, computed barrier heights for the rate-limiting step correlate qualitatively with experimental findings. © 2013 American Chemical Society

Nature of S\bm{S}-wave NN\bm{NN} interaction and dibaryon production at nucleonic resonance thresholds

Phase shifts and inelasticity parameters for $NN$ scattering in the partial-wave channels ${}^3S_1$--${}^3D_1$ and ${}^1S_0$ at energies $T_{\rm lab}$ from zero to about 1 GeV are described within a unified $NN$ potential model assuming the formation of isoscalar and isovector dibaryon resonances near the $NN^*(1440)$ threshold. Evidence for these near-threshold resonances is actually found in the recent WASA experiments on single- and double-pion production in $NN$ collisions. There, the excitation of the Roper resonance $N^*(1440)$ exhibits a structure in the energy dependence of the total cross section, which corresponds to the formation of dibaryon states with $I(J^\pi)=0(1^+)$ and $1(0^+)$ at the $NN^*(1440)$ threshold. These two $S$-wave dibaryon resonances may provide a new insight into the nature of the strong $NN$ interaction at low and intermediate energies.Comment: 10 pages, 8 figure

Tert-Amino effect: The Meth-Cohn and Reinhoudt reactions (Review)

The data published over the last 15-20 years on reactions taking place by the tert-amino effect mechanism have been reviewed. © 2013 Springer Science+Business Media New York

Методология расчета средних величин в анализе кредитной деятельности коммерческих банков

The article reviews issues ofthe methodology of calculating averages in the analysis of commercial banks’ credit activity. The authors focus on formulas for calculating an average size of term loans and an average interest rate. A slowdown in the economy, significant fluctuations of the exchange rate, deterioration of the financial condition of enterprises has led to the growth of both individual and corporative overdue credit debt. In these circumstances, the state may use subsidized interest rates as incentives for a number of banks. This measure requires objective data collection on all economic indicators that show credit activity of banks. The currently used method of calculating averages, which is approved by the guidelines of the Bank of Russia dated 12.11.2009 No. 2332-U «On the list, forms and procedure for compiling and submission of reporting forms of credit institutions to the Central Bank of the Russian Federation», involves calculating of an average weighed by one factor. However, as it is proved in the article, calculating an average interest rate of a double-weighted average, (considering both an amount of a loan and terms of a loan granted) is needed for an objective accounting of all factors. The fact that proposed formulas are supported by examples and detailed methodological descriptions, makes them useable both in the operational work of banks and in scientific research.В статье рассматриваются проблемы методологии расчета средних величин при анализе кредитной деятельности коммерческих банков. Авторы акцентируют внимание на формулах расчета средних показателей размера и срока ссуд, а также средней процентной ставки. Замедление темпов роста экономики, значительные колебания валютного курса, ухудшение финансового состояния предприятий привели к росту просроченной кредиторской задолженности как физических, так и юридических лиц. В этих условиях государство может использовать в качестве стимулирующей меры субсидирование процентных ставок для ряда банков. Эта мера требует получения объективной информации обо всех экономических показателях, характеризующих кредитную работу банков. Используемая в настоящее время методика расчета средних показателей, утвержденная указаниями Банка России от 12.11.2009 № 2332-У «О перечне, формах, порядке составления и представления форм отчетности кредитных организаций в Центральный банк Российской Федерации», предполагает расчет средних арифметических взвешенных по одному фактору. Однако как было доказано в статье, для объективного учета всех факторов требуется расчет средней процентной ставки по дважды взвешенной арифметической средней с учетом как размера, так и срока предоставленной ссуды. Предлагаемые формулы сопровождаются примерами и подробным методологическим описанием, что, на взгляд авторов, позволит использовать их и в оперативной работе банков, и в научных исследованиях

Synthesis and kinetics of the cyclization of 3-(dialkylaminophenyl)-2- (phenylcarbonyl)-prop-2-enenitriles

The reaction of ortho-(N,N-dialkylamino)benzaldehydes with benzoylacetonitrile gave fused 1,2,3,4-tetra-hydroquinolino-5-carbonitriles due to cyclization of the intermediate 2-(phenylcarbonyl)-3-[2-[(dialkyl-amino) phenyl]prop-2-enenitriles through a tert-amino effect mechanism. Kinetic studies were carried out on the cyclization of 2-(phenylcarbonyl)-3-[2-(piperidin-1-yl) phenyl]prop-2-enenitrile. © 2013 Springer Science+Business Media New York

Breast Cancer After Treatment of Differentiated Thyroid Cancer With Radioiodine in Young Females: What We Know and How to Investigate Open Questions. Review of the Literature and Results of a Multi-Registry Survey

Published studies on the risk of radiation-induced second primary malignancy (SPM) after radioiodine treatment (RAI) of differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) refer mainly to patients treated as middle-aged or older adults and are not easily generalizable to those treated at a younger age. Here we review available literature on the risk of breast cancer as an SPM after RAI of DTC with a focus on females undergoing such treatment in childhood, adolescence, or young adulthood. Additionally, we report the results of a preliminary international survey of patient registries from academic tertiary referral centers specializing in pediatric DTC. The survey sought to evaluate the availability of sufficient patient data for a potential international multicenter observational case–control study of females with DTC given RAI at an early age. Our literature review identified a bi-directional association of DTC and breast cancer. The general breast cancer risk in adult DTC survivors is low, ~2%, slightly higher in females than in males, but presumably lower, not higher, in those diagnosed as children or adolescents than in those diagnosed at older ages. RAI presumably does not substantially influence breast cancer risk after DTC. However, data from patients given RAI at young ages are sparse and insufficient to make definitive conclusions regarding age dependence of the risk of breast cancer as a SPM after RAI of DTC. The preliminary analysis of data from 10 thyroid cancer registries worldwide, including altogether 6,449 patients given RAI for DTC and 1,116 controls, i.e., patients not given RAI, did not show a significant increase of breast cancer incidence after RAI. However, the numbers of cases and controls were insufficient to draw statistically reliable conclusions, and the proportion of those receiving RAI at the earliest ages was too low.In conclusion, a potential international multicenter study of female patients undergoing RAI of DTC as children, adolescents, or young adults, with a sufficient sample size, is feasible. However, breast cancer screening of a larger cohort of DTC patients is not unproblematic for ethical reasons, due to the likely, at most slightly, increased risk of breast cancer post-RAI and the expected ~10% false-positivity rate which potentially produced substantial “misdiagnosis.

Psychology and pedagogical aspects of the relation to the profession, or from the academic motivation of students to quality of education

In the article, the authors present the results of the study of academic motivation of 4th year students of the faculty of medical prevention, taking into account the form of education, age and gender characteristics. The authors confirmed the high level of motivation of students to knowledge and self-development, the desire to achieve high results in educational activities. However, some students, mostly girls, on a budget form, have difficulties in mastering the curriculum and a loss of interest in learning.В статье представлены результаты изучения академической мотивации студентов 4 курса медико-профилактического факультета с учетом формы обучения, возраста и гендерной характеристики. Подтверждены высокие уровни их мотивации к познанию и саморазвитию, стремление к достижению высоких результатов в учебной деятельности. Однако у части студентов, преимущественно девушек, на бюджетной форме имеют место трудности в освоении учебной программы и потеря интереса к учебе

К вопросу о причинах активизации эпидемического процесса кори на этапе элиминации инфекции и прогнозе развития ситуации на ближайшую и отдаленную перспективу

Introduction. Measles infection in recent years has become particularly relevant in connection with the registration of outbreaks of this disease in various territoriesof the Russian Federation and abroad.The aim of the study is to characterize the epidemic process of measles in a large industrial city in the near and long term with the use of modern mathematical modeling technologies for making new management decisions on infection control at the elimination stage.Materials and methods. The research materials were data from statistical reports of measles incidence in Yekaterinburg from 1950 to 2019 (70 years of follow-up), medical documentation of measles cases, population vaccination data (form No. 6 for 2000—2018 and outpatient maps of children under two years of age vaccinated against measles), results of screening for measles IgG ofmedical organizations, data of planned serological monitoringof population immunity to measles in «indicator» groups in the period from 2013 to 2017 and the results of mathematical modeling of measles incidence in different scenarios of its prevention.Results. Under the influence of vaccination, the epidemic process of measles in Yekaterinburg — a city with a population of 1.5million inhabitants-has undergone significant changes. During the observation period, the incidence decreased to sporadic levels, there was no indigenous measles, drifts from endemic areas had no consequences, the epidemic process was under control. However, outbreaks of 72 cases in 2016 and 90 cases in 2019 have changed our view of measles as a eradicated infection.Of the factors that led to the spread of infection in the foci, the most significant were the presence of measles-susceptible children and adults, including those previously vaccinated, mainly in the periods remote from vaccination and revaccination, defects in the clinical diagnosis of measlesin the first and subsequent cases, and violations in the organization and conduct of anti-epidemic measures. Conclusion. Based on the data of mathematical modeling of the epidemic process of measles with different combinations of its determinants, for the elimination of infection, it is necessary to ensure vaccination against measles at the age of 1 year and 6 years in 95—97.5%. In vulnerable groups for infection to discuss the introduction of routine revaccination among people up to 50 years of age with an interval of 10 years.Коревая инфекция в последние годы приобретает особую актуальность в связи с регистрацией вспышек данного заболевания на различных территориях Российской Федерации и за рубежом.Цель исследования — дать характеристику эпидемического процесса кори в крупном промышленном городе на ближайшую и отдаленную перспективу c использованием современных технологий математического моделирования, для принятия новых управленческих решений по контролю инфекции на этапе элиминации.Материалы и методы. Материалами исследования были данные статистических отчетов о заболеваемости корью в Екатеринбурге с 1950 по 2019 гг. (70 лет наблюдения), медицинская документация заболевших корью, данные привитости населения (форма № 6 за 2000—2018 гг. и амбулаторные карты привитых против кори детей до двухлетнего возраста), результаты скри-инга на противокоревые IgG сотрудников медицинских организаций, данные планового серологического мониторинга популяционного иммунитета к кори в «индикаторных» группах в период с 2013 по 2017 гг. и результаты математического модели-ования заболеваемости корью в условиях разных сценариев ее профилактики.Результаты. Под влиянием вакцинопрофилактики эпидемический процесс кори в Екатеринбурге — городе с населением в 1,5 млн жителей — претерпел значительные изменения. За период наблюдения заболеваемость снизилась до спорадического уровня, не стало индигенной кори, заносы с эндемичных территорий неимели последствий, эпидемический процесс был под контро-лем. Однако вспышки инфекции в 72 случая в 2016 году и 90 случаев в 2019 году изменили наше представление о кори как о ликвидированной инфекции.Из факторов, которые привели к распространению инфекции в очагах, наиболее значимыми были наличие восприимчивых к кори детей и взрослых, в том числе среди ранее привитых, преимущественно в отдаленные от вакцинации и ревакцинации сроки, дефекты в клинической диагностике кори у первых и последующих заболевших и нарушения в организации и проведении противоэпидемических мероприятий.Заключение. На основании данных математического моделирования эпидемического процесса кори при разных сочетаниях его детерминант, для элиминации инфекции, необходимо обеспечить привитость против кори в возрасте 1 год и 6 лет в 95—97,5%. В «уязвимых» по инфекции группах поставить на обсуждение вопрос о введении плановой ревакцинации среди лиц до 50-летнего возраста с интервалом в 10 лет

Evaluation of biochemical indicators in blood plasma of rats with tetracycline-induced hepatosis and their correction by milk phospholipids

Tetracycline is a drug with direct cytotoxic action on the liver, and therefore it is widely used in pharmaceutical studies of therapeutic effectiveness of hepatoprotective preparations. The aim of the present work was to determine the biochemical indicators in blood plasma of rats with tetracycline-induced hepatosis and correction properties of milk phospholipids under tetracycline-induced hepatosis in rats. To achieve this, Wistar rats were administered 250 mg/kg of 4% tetracycline hydrochloride suspension once a day intragastrically. As the corrective therapy, 1% solution of BAS “FLP-MD” was administered in liposomal form based on milk phospholipids. Under modeled steatohepatitis, significant destructive changes were observed in the cell membranes of hepatocytes in experimental rats. It was confirmed by higher activity of transaminase (in particular, activity of АSТ increased 4 times, that of ALT 1.7 times and the AST/ALT ratio was increased 2.4 times in blood plasma). The synthesis of clotting factors in livers of animals with hepatosis was inhibited. The content of fibrinogen in blood plasma decreased by 21%, factor II (prothrombin) by 27.8%, Xa-factor by 27.9%, and protein C by 40.6%. The animals also had hypochromic anemia, azotemia and bilirubinemia. The calcium-phosphor metabolism and hyperkalemia were observed. The liposomal BAS “FLP-MD” based on milk phospholipids diminished harmful effects of tetracycline, in particular supporting blood coagulation factors’ level restoration, and also by the activity of transaminases. According to the results, it may be used in prophylactics and pharmaceutical correction of steatohepatitis