Multiphase composite coatings: structure and properties

The paper discusses the results of the research into the formation of ion-plasma multiphase coatings. The types of the formed structures are found to be not so diverse, as those formed, for example, in alloy crystallization. The structures observed are basically of globular type and, more rarely, of unclosed dissipative and cellular structures. It is shown that the properties of the coating formed in deposition are largely determined by its surface energy or surface tension. Since the magnitude of the surface tension (surface energy) in most cases is an additive quantity, each of the elements of the coating composition contributes to the total surface energy. In case of simultaneous sputtering of multiphase cathodes, high entropy coatings with an ordered cellular structure and improved mechanical properties are formed

Multiphase composite coatings: structure and properties

The paper discusses the results of the research into the formation of ion-plasma multiphase coatings. The types of the formed structures are found to be not so diverse, as those formed, for example, in alloy crystallization. The structures observed are basically of globular type and, more rarely, of unclosed dissipative and cellular structures. It is shown that the properties of the coating formed in deposition are largely determined by its surface energy or surface tension. Since the magnitude of the surface tension (surface energy) in most cases is an additive quantity, each of the elements of the coating composition contributes to the total surface energy. In case of simultaneous sputtering of multiphase cathodes, high entropy coatings with an ordered cellular structure and improved mechanical properties are formed

Effect of ion irradiation on tribological properties of composite coatings

The paper discusses the results of the research in the effect of ion irradiation on tribological properties of multiphase ion-plasma coatings. It is shown that all the investigated coatings behave differently under ion irradiation: the Zn-Al, Fe-Al, Zn-Cu-Al coating is radiation-resistant and the friction coefficient does not virtually change; the Cr-Mn-Si-Cu-Fe- Al coating exhibits twofold increase in the friction coefficient, and that for Mn-Fe-Cu-Al coating decreases threefold. These changes are related to changes which occur in the coating surface under ion bombardment

SECURITY OF THE POPULATION AND TERRITORY WHEN OPERATING THE ENTERPRISE OF THE MACHINE-BUILDING COMPLEX IN STATE AND EMERGENCY SITUATIONS

The article is devoted to the study of the processes of work of a machine-building enterprise, the causes of harm to the population and the environment, ensuring the safety of the population and the territory as a result of the explosion of a boiler-house of a machine-building enterprise during a gas pipeline depressurization.Статья посвящена изучению процессов работы машиностроительного предприятия, причинам возникновения вреда населению и окружающей среде, обеспечению безопасности населению и территории вследствие взрыва котельной машиностроительного предприятия при разгерметизации газопровода

DISPOSAL OF GALVANIC WASTE AND THE USE OF THEM IN THE PRODUCTION OF BUILDING MATERIALS

The article is devoted to the study of the possibility of utilization of chromium-containing wastes of galvanic productions of a machine-building enterprise, especially their use in the manufacture of ceramic products and in the production of building materials based on hydraulic binders. The plasticizing effect of galvanic sludge was revealed and it was found that when using sludge in the form of additives in concrete and mortars, it reduces cement consumption with equal strength.Статья посвящена изучению возможности утилизации хромосодержащих отходов гальванических производств машиностроительного предприятия, особенности их применения в изготовлении керамических изделий и в производстве строительных материалов на основе гидравлических связующих. Выявлено пластифицирующее действие гальваношламов и установлено, что при применении шламов в виде добавок в бетон и строительные растворы приводит к снижению расхода цемента при равно прочности

Fundamentalization and professionalization of learning content under the competence approach

© The author(s). The purpose of this paper is aimed at studying the issue of formation of learning content based on its fundamentalization and professionalization under the competence approach. The presented paper demonstrates the process of professionalization and fundamentalization of training as a conceptual framework of shaping the content of disciplines in higher education. The basis of the presented work is the ideas of the competence approach, theory of fundamentalization and professionalization of vocational education. The paper presents the principles and mechanisms of fundamentalization and professionalization of the discipline's content and the algorithm of formation of fundamental and applied discipline content under the competence approach. This article is intended for teachers, researchers, heads of educational institutions involved in the formation and selection of the content of disciplines in higher education

Multiple myeloma exploits Jagged1 and Jagged2 to promote intrinsic and bone marrow-dependent drug resistance

Multiple myeloma is still incurable due to an intrinsic aggressiveness or, more frequently, to the interactions of malignant plasma cells with bone marrow microenvironment. Myeloma cells educate bone marrow cells to support neoplastic cell growth, survival, acquisition of drug resistance resulting in disease relapse. Myeloma microenvironment is characterized by Notch signaling hyperactivation due to the increased expression of Notch1 and 2 and the ligands Jagged1 and 2 in tumor cells. Notch activation influences myeloma cell biology and promotes the reprogramming of bone marrow stromal cells. In this work we demonstrate, by in vitro, ex vivo and using a zebrafish multiple myeloma model, that Jagged inhibition causes a decrease in both myeloma-intrinsic and stromal cell-induced resistance to currently used drugs, i.e. bortezomib, lenalidomide and melphalan. The molecular mechanism of drug resistance involves the chemokine system CXCR4/SDF1\u3b1. Myeloma cell-derived Jagged ligands trigger Notch activity in bone marrow stromal cells. These, in turn, secrete higher levels of SDF1\u3b1 in the bone marrow microenvironment increasing CXCR4 activation in myeloma cells, which is further potentiated by the concomitant increased expression of this receptor induced by Notch activation. Consistently with the augmented pharmacological resistance, SDF1\u3b1 boosts the expression of BCL2, Survivin and ABCC1. These results indicate that a Jagged-tailored approach may contribute to disrupting the pharmacological resistance due to intrinsic myeloma cell features or to the pathological interplay with bone marrow stromal cells and, conceivably, improve patients' response to standard-of-care therapies

Outbreak of West Nile virus infection, Volgograd Region, Russia, 1999.

From July 25 to October 1, 1999, 826 patients were admitted to Volgograd Region, Russia, hospitals with acute aseptic meningoencephalitis, meningitis, or fever consistent with arboviral infection. Of 84 cases of meningoencephalitis, 40 were fatal. Fourteen brain specimens were positive in reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction assays, confirming the presence of West Nile/Kunjin virus

Notch signaling deregulation in multiple myeloma : a rational molecular target

Despite recent therapeutic advances, multiple myeloma (MM) is still an incurable neoplasia due to intrinsic or acquired resistance to therapy. Myeloma cell localization in the bone marrow milieu allows direct interactions between tumor cells and non-tumor bone marrow cells which promote neoplastic cell growth, survival, bone disease, acquisition of drug resistance and consequent relapse. Twenty percent of MM patients are at high-risk of treatment failure as defined by tumor markers or presentation as plasma cell leukemia. Cumulative evidences indicate a key role of Notch signaling in multiple myeloma onset and progression. Unlike other Notch-related malignancies, where the majority of patients carry gain-of-function mutations in Notch pathway members, in MM cell Notch signaling is aberrantly activated due to an increased expression of Notch receptors and ligands; notably, this also results in the activation of Notch signaling in surrounding stromal cells which contributes to myeloma cell proliferation, survival and migration, as well as to bone disease and intrinsic and acquired pharmacological resistance. Here we review the last findings on the mechanisms and the effects of Notch signaling dysregulation in MM and provide a rationale for a therapeutic strategy aiming at inhibiting Notch signaling, along with a complete overview on the currently available Notch-directed approaches

First Use of Superpulsed Fibre Thulium Laser-Based Contact Stone Ablation in Common Bile and Main Pancreatic Ducts

Aim. A clinical demonstration of the feasibility of novel superpulsed thulium fibre laser in contact intraductal lithotripsy in patients with choledocholithiasis and pancreatic lithiasis.Key points. We describe two clinically successful ablations of large biliary and pancreatic calculi using a FiberLase U2 superpulse fibre thulium laser appliance (IRE-Polus, Russia) during oral transpapillary cholangiopancreaticoscopy in patients with technically unfeasible conventional minimally invasive treatment for choledocho- and pancreatic lithiasis. A 72-yo patient was urgently admitted with acute mechanical jaundice, cholangitis and a history of endoscopic papillosphincterotomy (EPST) and bilioduodenal stenting with a plastic implant for technically impractical lithotripsy and lithoextraction. An ineffective extracorporeal lithotripsy attempt was followed on day 3 by a second retrograde intervention and endoscopic contact laser lithotripsy controlled in oral transpapillary cholangioscopy with FiberLase U2. A 50-yo patient was admitted with clinical signs of chronic calculous pancreatitis and a history of EPST, pancreatic ductotomy and plastic pancreatic stenting. The first endoscopy stage comprised the encrusted pancreatic stent removal, retrograde pancreaticography, pancreatic ductotomy, narrowed terminal Wirsung’s duct bougienage with mechanical dilators and additional balloon-assisted dilation of the excision area and pancreatic stricture. Mechanical intraductal lithotripsy was unsuccessful. Contact lithotripsy with a novel superpulsed fibre thulium laser has been rendered. The technique presented ensures a complete sanation of the duct at no mucosal damage.Conclusion. We present the fully successful first national and world experience of the superpulsed fibre thulium laser application in contact lithotripsy of large calculi in common bile and main pancreatic ducts